Alexander Column a St. Petersburg: taƙaitaccen bayanin, tarihi, hoto

Yawon bude ido sha'awa sa da yawa jan hankali na St. Petersburg. The Alexander Column yana da matsayi na musamman a tsakaninsu. Mutane da yawa waɗanda suka zo da arewacin babban birnin kasar Rasha, ya aiko da fari a kan Palace Square. A nan ne Alexander Column yana a St. Petersburg. Yana daya daga cikin wuraren shahararrun wannan birni. An gina wannan gine-ginen a cikin tsakiyar Fadar Palace a 1834. Gidan shine O. Montferrand. An gina Alexander Column a St. Petersburg ta ka'idar Nicholas I. Yana da wani nauyin tunawa da babbar nasara ga Rasha da dukan duniya a kan Napoleon Alexander I. A nan ne Alexander Column a St. Petersburg (hoto da aka yi shekaru da suka wuce).

Da ra'ayin Carlo Rossi

Wannan abin tunawa ya cika abin da aka tsara don nasarar nasarar yaki a shekarar 1812 da Arch of the General Staff. Carlo Rossi, mashahurin masanin, ya ba da ra'ayin gina ginin. Ya yi imanin cewa, a tsakiyar gidan dandalin Fadar ya kamata a sanya abin tunawa. Rossi yayi watsi da ra'ayin shigar da wani mutum mai suna Peter the Great a kan doki. Ya so ya ga wani abu dabam.

Ayyukan Montferrand na asali

Ba da daɗewa ba akwai wani ra'ayi, wanda aka gane daga bisani kamar Alexander Column a St. Petersburg. Bari mu taƙaita bayanin farko da aka bawa sarki. A shekara ta 1829, an sanar da bude gasar. Auguste Montferrand ya ziyarci shi tare da aikinsa na gina babban dutse obelisk. Duk da haka, sarki ya yi la'akari da cewa Alexander Column a St. Petersburg ya kamata a yi la'akari da ɗan bambanci. Za a iya yin bayanin taƙaitaccen aikin aikin asali bisa ga haɗarinsa, wanda ya tsira. Gidan yana tsarawa don shigar da obelisk na dutse, wanda tsawo ya kai 25.6 m, a kan ginshiki na granite. An shirya shi don ado fuskar wannan obelisk tare da bass reliefs wanda ya nuna abubuwan da suka faru na yaki na 1812. Gidan ya ga wani mahayi a kan doki, wanda ya tattake maciji tare da ƙafafunsa. The biyu-gangarawa mikiya da aka tashi a gaban shi. Allah na nasara ya bi da mahayin, ya sa shi da laurels. Mata biyu sun jagoranci doki.

Hanyoyin samfurori da suka gabata da kuma ɗayan aikin

Hanya na biyu, da aka aiwatar daga baya, ya ƙunshi shigarwa da wani shafi, wanda girmansa ya wuce wanda aka gina don girmama nasarar da Napoleon Vandome ya yi, wanda aka sanya a filin da sunan daya. Auguste Montferrand an miƙa shi a matsayin tushen wahayi zuwa Roman Column of Trajan. Tsarin ruɓaɓɓe na wannan aikin bai ƙyale mai gyara ya tsere daga rinjayar samfurori da aka sani ga dukan duniya ba. Sai kawai ƙananan canji na ra'ayoyin magabatansa sun zama Alexander Column a St. Petersburg. Ma'anar shi, duk da haka, ba zai zama daidai ba, idan ba mu ambaci ainihin wannan alamar ba. A ciki, Montferrand ya bayyana kansa, wanda ya ƙi yin amfani da shi a cikin gine-gine na kayan ado, irin su bas-reliefs, yana karkatar da shafi na ƙungiyar Trajan. Gidan ya fi so ya nuna kyakkyawa mai launin ruwan hoda mai haske. 25.6 m shine tsawo na Alexander Column a St. Petersburg. Montferran ya sanya abin tunawa a sama da duk abin da yake. A shekara ta 1829, ranar 24 ga watan Satumba, sarki ya amince da wannan aikin a wannan sabon tsari, ba tare da kammala ba. A cikin lokaci daga 1829 zuwa 1834 an yi aikin.

Ƙari na dutse don shafi na gaba

An yi amfani da dutsen don babban ɓangaren shafi (gwargwadon dimbin yawa). Her sculptor shirya a baya a cikin tafiye-tafiye ta baya zuwa Finland. A cikin shekarun 1830-32. An gudanar da hakar da kuma farawa na farko a dutsen dake Pyuterlak, dake tsakanin Friedrichsgam da Vyborg. Ta hanyar hanyar Sukhanov waɗannan ayyukan sunyi. V. A. Yakovlev da S. V. Kolodkin suna kula da aikin. Bayan nazarin dutsen, ma'auni sun tabbatar da dacewa da wannan abu, sun yanke shi daga bisani, ya fi girma fiye da layin gaba. An yi amfani da na'urori masu girma don wannan: manyan ƙananan ƙofofi da masu sa ido domin su motsa wani babban dutse daga wurinsa sannan kuma a sanya shi a kan wani dutse mai laushi mai laushi. Daga dutsen guda, bayan rabuwa da aikin, an yanke manyan duwatsu don kafuwar abin tunawa. Mafi yawan su sun fi nauyin 400.

Bayar da dutse da ginshiƙai zuwa St. Petersburg

Ya kasance da wuyar gaske a wannan lokaci don gane irin wannan aikin girma kamar Alexander Column a St. Petersburg. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa suna haɗa ba kawai tare da hakar dutse ba, har ma da sufuri. Da ruwa, an kawo sassan sassa na gaba zuwa St. Petersburg. Barca musamman zane da aka shiga wannan. Tunanin da aka yaudari a yau, bayan haka an shirya shi don sufuri. Colonel Glasin, masanin injiniya, ya shiga cikin harkokin sufuri. Ya tsara kuma ya gina ginin da aka kira "Saint Nicholas". Hakan da ya iya ɗaukar shi ya kai ton 1100. An gina ginin da aka gina domin aiwatar da ayyukan aiki. Daga dandalin katako na loading da aka gudanar. An ɗora shafi a kan jirgi, bayan haka aka aika da shi zuwa Kronstadt, ta kwashe ta biyu, sa'an nan kuma zuwa St. Petersburg zuwa Dvortsovaya Embankment. A 1832, ranar 1 ga watan Yuli, babban ɓangaren sashen na gaba ya isa St. Petersburg - wani muhimmin abu mai suna tarihin tarihin Alexander Column a St. Petersburg.

Kafuwar shafi

A kan Fadar Palace daga 1829, aikin ya fara kan gina ginin da kuma tushe. Suna nẽman shiryuwa Montferrand, m na Alexander Column a St. Petersburg. Da farko dai, sun gudanar da binciken nazarin geological wuri mafi kusa. An gano asalin yashi a zurfin 5.2 m ba da nisa da tsakiyar filin wasa ba. An amince da wurin don shafi a 1829. 1250 ma'aunin mita shida da aka yi wa Pine kunna a karkashin tushe. Sa'an nan an yanke su zuwa matakin ruhu. Saboda haka, ya fito da wani dandamali don tushe wanda Alexander Column ya tsaya a St. Petersburg. Bayanan bayani akan kafuwar shine kamar haka. Ya ƙunshi gilashin dutse dutse rabin mita. Tsarin ginin tushe na tushe sa zuwa sararin samaniya. An kwashe tagulla na tagulla da tsabar kudi don girmama nasarar da aka yi a yakin 1812 a tsakiyarta. An kammala aikin ne a 1830, a watan Oktoba. Masanin artist G. Gagarin ya kama hanyar zane yadda zai gina Alexander Column a St. Petersburg.

Gidan kwali

Wani sabon mataki shi ne shigar da samfurori 400 na ton a kan kafuwar. Wannan haɗakarwa tana zama tushen tushen kafa. A wancan lokacin, ba shakka, ba sauki a shigar da irin dutse mai nauyi akan kafuwar ba. Amma mun damu da wannan aiki. A 1832, ta Yuli, an kammala shinge, kuma ginshiƙin monolith yana kan hanya. Yanzu aikin da ya fi wuya shi ne shigar da shafi a kan sashin. An tsara tsarin tsaftacewa ta hanyar A. A. Betancourt a watan Disamba na 1830. Don yin wannan, muna buƙatar gyarawa tare da tsawo na mita 47, 60 cabins, da kuma tsarin tsari.

An kaddamar da shafi a kan jirgin saman da ba a yarda da shi ba zuwa wani dandamali na musamman, wanda ke kusa da gandun daji. Bayan haka an rufe shi cikin zobba igiyoyi tare da tubalan da aka haɗe su. A saman gandun daji akwai wani tsari na tubalan. Yawancin igiyoyin da ke kewaye da dutse sun lalace tare da iyakoki a cikin ɗakunan da aka sanya a kan filin. Sarkin sarakuna, tare da dukan 'yan mulkin mallaka, sun zo taron. A kan Fadar Fadar, don kawo ginshiƙan Betancourt zuwa matsayi na tsaye, sai ya dauki ma'aikata 400 da sojoji 2,000 don shigar da adadi a cikin sa'a daya da minti 45.

Gina wani mutum-mutumi a saman wani shafi

Bayan shigarwa, dole ne kawai don gyara abubuwan kayan ado da kayan ado na kasa-ƙasa a kan ƙafar, sa'annan kuma ya goyi bayan shafi. A watan Satumba na 1830, a cikin layi daya tare da gina wannan shafi, Montferrand ya yi aiki a kan wani mutum mutum wanda zai kulla shi. Ta ya za a jawabi, bisa ga nufin Nicholas I, to Winter Palace. Gicciye a cikin aikin asali ya kammala ta gicciye, wadda aka rufe a kusa da maciji. Masanan kimiyya na Kwalejin Fine Arts, Bugu da ƙari, sun miƙa wasu bambance-bambancen mala'iku da giciye. A sakamakon haka, adadin da Boris I. Orlovsky ya kashe ya kama shi. Shekaru biyu na polishing da kuma kammalawa da abin tunawa.

Gabatarwa da abin tunawa

A 1834, ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, an gama aiki a Fadar Palace. Sarkin sarakuna tare da iyali, da diplomasiyya kungiyar soja, wakilan da Rasha sojojin da 100,000th sojojin Rasha yanzu a gun bikin bude taron. A cikin Orthodox kewaye da shi an gudanar. Ayyukan da aka yi na allahntaka da aka yi a kafa na shafi tare da budewa. A cikin girmamawa na bude wannan mahimmin abin tunawa da ruba, an ba da kyautar tsabar kudi 15,000.

Bayani na abin tunawa

Samfurori na ɓarna a cikin zamani na tsohuwar kama da Alexander Column a St. Petersburg, wanda aka ba da hoto a cikin wannan labarin. Abin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki na silhouette, laconicism na tsari, da tsabta na rabbai ne wannan abin tunawa. Yana da mafi girma a duniya, an halicce shi daga ma'auni. Alamar alama ce ta siffar mala'ika da Boris Orlovsky ya yi. Yana riƙe a hannun hagunsa gicciye gungumomi huɗu da aka nuna ta sama da hannun dama zuwa sama. Hannun mala'ikan yana karkatar da shi, idanunsa yana tsaye a ƙasa. Yawansa, bisa ga tsarin asali na Montferrand, ya dogara ne akan sanda. Duk da haka, an cire shi daga baya. Lokacin da 2002-2003 aka sake gyarawa, sai ya zama a fili cewa an kiyaye mala'ika a kan nauyin nauyin kansa. An kwatanta siffofin fuskarsa da Tsar Alexander I. Mala'ika yana tattake giciye maciji, wanda ya nuna zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali da Rasha ta kawo Turai ta hanyar nasara akan sojojin Napoleon. Tsakanin jumla suna jaddada siffar mala'ika, da kuma gindin gicciye, wanda ya ci gaba da daidaitaccen abin tunawa.

Bronze shinge

Aikin Alexander Column a St. Petersburg yana kewaye da shinge tagulla, wanda O Montferrand ya tsara. Tsawansa yana kimanin 1.5 m An shigar da shi a 1834, kuma gaba daya dukkan abubuwa - a cikin 1836-1837. An gina gidan tsaro a ginin arewa maso gabashin ginin. A ciki akwai wani mutum da yake nakasa, yana da kayan ado a cikin masu tsaro. Ya kiyaye wannan muhimmin abin tunawa dare da rana kamar Alexander Column a St. Petersburg, kuma ya lura da umurnin a fadar Palace.