Aleksandr grin. Biography da kuma aiki na da sanannen marubuci

Aleksandr grin, biography, photos of wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin - an yi fice a Rasha marubuci. Game da 400 na ayyukan da ya yi da aka buga. Ya halicci wani kundi kasar. A nan ne da mataki faruwa da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa, shi ne ba togiya da biyu shahararrun littattafai na marubuci - "Scarlet filafili" da kuma "Gudun a kan Waves". Godiya ga sanannun zargi na K. Zelinskii, wannan kasa da aka mai suna Grinlandiey.

yara

Grin Aleksandr Stepanovich, wanda biography za a aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin, an haife shi a Vyatka lardin. The real sunan marubuci - Grinevskii. Mahaifinsa Stefan wani Yaren mutanen Poland bafadan. A 1863 ya dauki bangare a cikin tawaye, kuma aka fitar da su Tomsk. A 1868 ya aka yarda su matsa a cikin Vyatka lardin. Ba da da ewa ya aure a Rasha yarinya Anna Lepkova, wanda ya kasance mai nas. Suna da yara hudu. A farko yaro a cikin iyali ya Aleksandr grin. Photos of uwa da uba na marubuci gabatar a wannan labarin.

Birthday Aleksandra Grina - 11 (23 New Style) a watan Agusta 1880. A shekaru 6, yaron koyi karatu. A farko littafin ya karanta - "Gulliver ta tafiyarka." A nan gaba marubuci ƙaunar da ayyukan tafiya da navigators. Na yi kokari sau da dama ya gudu daga gida ya zama ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa.

Lokacin da Alexander ya 9 shekara, ya aka aika zuwa makaranta. Takwarorinsu zo gare shi da sunan barkwanci na Green, wanda daga bisani ya yi amfani da matsayin laƙabi. A nan gaba marubuci a makaranta siffofi da mummunan hali da kuma ya aka kullum barazana tare da fitar. A matsayin dalibi na Class 2, Alexander rubuta don magance malamai m ayoyi. Domin wannan ya aka fitar daga cikin sahu na dalibai. A 1892 ya ɗauki yaron zuwa wani makaranta ta hanyar kokarin da mahaifinsa.

Lokacin A. Greene da shekaru 15, da uwarsa mutu da tarin fuka. 4 watanni bayan ta mutuwa, mahaifinsa ya aure. Alexander bai samu tare da ta uwar rana, ya fara rayuwa dabam. Ya aikata kwashe takardun da littafin-dauri littattafai. Ya main sha'awa da aka karanta. A wannan lokaci ya fara rubuta wakoki.

matasa

A shekaru 16 Aleksandr grin chetyrohklassnoe sauke karatu koleji da kuma tafi Odessa. Ya yi wani m niyyar zama wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. The mahaifin ba dansa da wasu kudi, da kuma adireshin da wani aboki. Lokacin da Alexander zo a cikin Odessa, yana nufin ya sauri ƙare, da kuma aikin ya iya samu. Ya aka yunwa da kuma yawo. The saurayi aka tilasta nemi taimako daga wani aboki mahaifinsa. Ya ba da shi zuwa ga jirgin ruwa. Amma da ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa daga A. Green bai faru ba. Na yau da kullum aiki na ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ya gaji sosai da sauri. Bayan haka, sai ya yi tafiya a kusa da kasar da kuma kokarin hannunsa a daban-daban aikin da. Amma babu inda ba su zauna dogon. A 1902 ya koma zuwa ga sojoji. Bauta na watanni shida, watanni uku na waxanda ake ciyar a Kadaitaccen kurkuku. A. Green yashe daga cikin sojojin. Taimake shi ya tsere da Socialist-yunkuri, wanda ya fara a sõyayya ga. Alexander dauke da juyin juya halin Musulunci ideas. Ya gaske da aka ba wa yaki da rayayyen tsari.

A 1903, domin gwagwarmaya A. Greene da aka kama. Bayan da ya yi kokarin gudu, ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani matsakaicin tsaro kurkuku. A gudanar da bincike dade lokaci mai tsawo, kamar yadda sakamakon haka, ya aka yanke masa hukumcin gudun hijira a Siberia. Akwai ya zauna kawai 3 days da suka gudu. Uba ya taimake shi samun wani waje fasfo da kuma barin babban birnin kasar.

tsakiyar shekara

Aleksandr grin, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin, bayan wani lokaci ya fito daga SRs. Ba da da ewa ya aure Vera Abramova. Mahaifinta wani babban aikin hukuma, amma ta goyon yunkuri. A 1910, Alexander ya zama wani shahararren marubuci. Sa'an nan 'yan sanda gano cewa Green kuma Grinevskii - wanda kuma wannan mutumin. A marubuci da aka kama, da kuma ya aka aiko zuwa Arkhangelsk yankin.

Da zarar sun kammala juyin juya hali, da Soviet tsarin na marubuci ya sa wani ma fi girma korau fiye da monarchical. Abinda ya so A. Green a cikin sabon tsarin - izinin kashe aure. Wannan ya nan da nan ya dauki amfani. Marubuci saki daga bangaskiya da kuma aure Mary Dolidze. Amma a 'yan watanni da biyu rabu.

A shekara ta 1919, Alexander aka girke a cikin Red Army, wanda aiki a matsayin wata signalman. Ba da da ewa, marubucin ya zama tsanani da rashin lafiya. Ya yi wani zazzabi. Rayuwa Aleksandra Grina aka barazana. Kusan wata daya da ya yi aka bi da. Yana ziyarci Maxim Gorky, ya kawo haƙuri kofi, zuma da gurasa. Ya kuma taimaka A. Greene don samun wani dakin a cikin House of Art, a cikin zuciya na St. Petersburg, kuma akadempaok. Kusa da Alexander Mandelstam rayu, N. S. Gumilov, Kaverin, V. A. Rozhdestvensky. A marubuci shi ne wani mutum uncommunicative, janye, surly da baƙin ciki.

A 1921, wani marubuci aure Nina Mironova. Tare da ta A. Greene ya rayu har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ma'auratan kasance ko da yaushe tare da duka biyu sun gaskata cewa rabo ya sanya musu babbar kyauta, a lokacin da yarda saduwa. Ya "Scarlet filafili" marubuci sadaukar da Nina. A 1930 da biyu koma Old Crimea. Shi ne mai wuya lokaci, a matsayin littafin da Greene da aka dakatar, marubucin da matarsa sau da yawa jin yunwa da kuma rashin lafiya.

A watan Yuli 1932 da marubuci ya rasu. Ya yi ciwon daji na ciki. Ya aka binne shi a makabarta na Old Crimea. A cikin kabari Kabarin "Gudun a cikin tãguwar ruwa" (sculptor T. Gagarin).

m hanya

A shekarar 1906 ya rubuta ta farko da labarin Aleksandr grin. Creativity kama shi, kuma wannan shekara ya juyo a cikin rayuwata. A. Greene ya zama marubuci. Da farko short labarin da ake kira "The abin yabo daga cikin talakawa Panteleyev". Yana gaya na kisan-kiyashi da suke faruwa a cikin sojojin. A sakamakon haka, da samfurin da aka cire daga bugu gidan da kuma hallaka. Wadannan labarin A. Green, "The Elephant da Pug», sha wahala guda ƙaddara. Na farko da aikin da suka zo wurin karatu, ya "a Italiya." A 1907 da marubuci ya fara amfani da pseudonym Green. Tun 1908 ya fara buga tarin daga cikin gajeren labaru. Aleksandr grin labaru da aka buga a ranar 25 ga raka'a a kowace shekara. A marubuci ya fara sami babban kudi. Alexander Stepanovich rubuta da dama da labaru a gudun hijira. Da farko su aiki ne kawai a mujallu da jaridu da aka buga Aleksandr grin. Littafi tare da labarun,] ansu litattafan da gajejjeran labaru da aka buga daga baya. Domin da farko lokacin da ayyukansa da aka buga a cikin wani nau'i na uku-girma edition a 1913. A shekara daga baya, ya fara wani sabon zamani a cikin marubuci. Sai ya zama wani karin sana'a style, a cikin abin da ya rubuta Aleksandr grin. Littattafan sun zama zurfi, don fadada batutuwa. Kuma da marubuci ya fara aiki mafi productively.

A 20-ies A. Greene ya ci gaba da rubuta labarun, amma a lokaci guda a fara rubuta ya fi girma ayyukansu. A farko labari, wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar Alexander S. - "Shining Duniya." To, akwai mutane da "Scarlet filafili", "Golden Sarkar", "Gudun a kan Waves", "Land da kuma ma'aikata", "Road babu inda" "Jessie da Morgiana". Ya karshe labari, mai jigo "Touchy" Green bai gama ba.

Bayan da marubuci ta mutuwa

Lokacin da Aleksandr grin mutu, sa'an nan, godiya ga kokarin da manyan Soviet marubuta, da aka buga a tarin ayyukan da ya yi. Ya bazawara ya ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin Tsohon Crimea, da farko ya kasance a cikin sana'a, sa'an nan shi aka sace Jamus don aiki aiki. Bayan da yaki, ta koma da Tarayyar Soviet, inda ya aka zarge shi da laifin cin amanar kasa. A. Green matar na kusan shekaru 10 ya ciyar a Stalin ta sansani. Bayan da yaki, da littafin da Greene da aka samu dan hanya zuwa ga proletariat da kuma haram. Kawai bayan I. V. Stalina ta mutuwa, da marubuci da aka gyara, da kuma littattafan da aka sake buga. Duk da yake matar A. Green yana bauta masa magana, da gidan ya zama mallakar sauran mutane a cikin Tsohon Crimea. Tare da wahala, ta tabbatar da cewa ya aka koma da ita. A shekarar 1960, Nina bude a shi a gidan kayan gargajiya Aleksandra Grina, kuma na karshe shekaru ransa kishin shi.

List of ayyukan da aka rubuta da marubuci

Aleksandr grin rubuta mai yawa ayyuka. Daga cikinsu akwai litattafai, short labaru, litattafan, da labaru. Ko da yake ya dauke su marubuci mawallafin, amma ya rubuta mai yawa shayari.

Aleksandr grin litattafan da litattafan da aka rubuta da wadannan:

• "Gudun a kan Waves".
• "Touchy".
• "Scarlet filafili".
• "The Elephant da gwiwa-karnuka."
• «Crimson filafili».
• "Shining Duniya."
• "Jessie da Morgiana".
• "Golden sarkar".

Alexander grin rubuta labarai da kuma tarihi. Su ne:

• "Toy".
• "Dõgẽwa yadi."
• "Murder a cikin kifi shop."
• "Zurbagansky maharbin."
• "Jejin Trail".
• "Siurg kabilar."
• "Competition a Lisse."
• "The Fighter."
• "A Italiya".
• "Gangaren dutse".
• "Mai kasada".
• "Penitential rubutum."
• "A tarihi na tauren."
• "Samun Khons".
• "The Kasadar Hinche."
• "Mystery Forest".
• "Wuta Ruwa".
• "Fandango."
• "Elda da Angoteya".
• "A cikin bankunan, da girgije."
• "Legend of Ferguson."
• "Sabuwar Shekara ta Day uba kuma kadan 'yar."
• "Telegrapher Medyanskogo na boron."
• "Bird Kam-Bo."
• "Ga guba cikin birnin."
• "Zaune na manyan mutanen."
• "Moonlight".
• "Winter ta Tale."
• "Kulle gidan."
• "Ships a Lisse."
• "Duka shugabannin."
• "The Sihiri ta almajiri."
• "Brick da kuma music."
• "Island Reno."
• "Fasinja Pyzhikov".
• "The matattu ga rai."
• "A karo na hudu na duk."
• "Gold da kuma hakar gwal."
• "Murder a Kunst-Fishe".
• "Makafi Day Canet".
• "Barca a kan Green tashar."
• "Kwamandan tashar jiragen ruwa."
• "Iblis Orange Waters."
• "Green Light".
• "The Headless doki".
• "Rasberi Jacobson."
• "Gladiators".
• "Mutuwa Romelinka".
• "Gatt, Witt da Redott".
• "Wild niƙa."
• "Lemu".
• "A wani rauni na Daniel Horton."
• "Granko da ɗansa."
• "Land da kuma ruwa".
• "Riƙe da bene."
• "The mutum da yake kuka."
• "A m player."
• "Shuang yaƙi al'amuran."
• "Duniya".
• "Guba Island".
• "Matafiyi Uy-Yan-eoy".
• "Butulci Tussaletto".
• "Three Ehmy Kasadar."
• "Koma jahannama."
• "Cyclone ruwan sama a Champaign."
• "Funny 'yan'uwanmu matafiyi - Pied Piper."
• "Biyu alkawarai."
• "Tashin hankalin da Filato Xuan."
• "Captain Duke."
• "Sayar da farin ciki."
• "Labarin da tag."
• "A shiru na yau da kullum."
• "Blue Cascade Tellurium."
• "Magic kunya."
• "Black Diamond".
• "Aure Agusta Esborna".
• "A ƙarfi daga cikin unknowable."
• "Pierre kuma Surine."
• "A reshe na mistletoe."
• "Window a cikin dazuzzuka."
• "Na uku bene."
• "Crime leaf auku bãya."
• "Babu rãnã."
• "Aljanna".
• "Lion Strike".
• "Tatsuniya foreseen mutuwa."
• "Legacy dagi Mick."
• "The domin sojojin."
• "Baladi Curtain".
• "Tarurruka da kuma kasada."
• "The Story of wani kisan kai."
• "Wani abu na laifi."
• "Tã iska".
• "The Way".
• "Kududdufi bearded alade."
• "Club negro."
• "Ɗari da mil tare da kogin."
• "Fate, dauka da ƙahoni."
• "Winner".
• "The White balan-balan".
• "Mashigar hadari."
• "The Swan".
• "Lamarin a cikin Apartment na Ms. Cerasi."
• "Dare da rana."
• "Samar da Aspera".
• "Karkashin kasa".
• "Hushi da uba."
• "Farauta ga bully."
• "Golden Pond".
• "The River."
• "The nas Glénan".
• "Doki ta Head".
• "Goma sha huɗu ƙafafunsa."
• "The Lanfier Colony."
• "Eroshka".
• "Xenia Turpanova".
• "The Return of" The tsuntsun seagull. "
• "Forward da baya."
• "Mate a uku motsa."
• "The yaki da mutuwa."
• "Haƙĩƙa azãba."
• "Hand".
• "Mafarki mai ban tsoro."
• "Danza".
• "Rene".
• "White wuta".
• "Forest wasan kwaikwayo."
• "Mai ɗaurin farantin."
• "Lamarin a titi Kare".
• "A tsarin na mnemonics Atle".
• "A m da m."
• "Green a kan Pushkin."
• "Gray mota."
• "Kunya."
• "A labarin, godiya ga wani ƙãre pool."
• "Long tafiya".
• "Forest wasan kwaikwayo."
• "Navigator" na hudu iskõki. "
• "Legless".
• "Episode a kama na" Cyclops "Fort.
• "Wuta da ruwa".
• "The murya da idanu."
• "Rayuwa Gnora".
• "Muryar mai alamar ban tsoro."
• "Pari".
• "Watercolor" da sauransu.

Ba kawai rubuta litattafan Aleksandr grin, da waqoqi ne ma sau da yawa ya fito daga gidansa da alƙalami. Amma tsakiyar to aikinsa ya kuma shi ne, ba shakka, almarar.

"Scarlet filafili"

A shekarar 1923, ya aka rubuta da Aleksandr Stepanovich grin "Scarlet filafili". Yana da wani romantic labarin game da wata yarinya za. Mahaifinta - wani tsohon ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa Longren. Ya aikata abin da kerarre da kuma sayar da model jiragen ruwa. Wata rana, a lokacin da wani hadari, da wani kudi Menners kwashe a kan wani jirgin ruwan a tekun. Longren ya kusa amma ba ko da yunkurin ya cece shi. Lokacin da wani tsohon ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa gan Menners share da chances na ceto a cewa babu kuma, ya kira shi da cewa wannan shi ne abin da matarsa tambayi wani kudi ya taimake ta, amma da ya yi ba. Ba da da ewa countrymen koya cewa Longren coolly kallo da mutuwa mutumin, da kuma ba su ma yi kokarin taimaka. Ya fara ki jinin. Longren ya bayyana mataki da cewa dora alhakin Menners a matarsa ta mutuwa. Lokacin da Assol aka haife shi, da aka iyo. A haihuwa ya yi nauyi, da Maryamu (matar Longren) ya ciyar duk da kudi domin magani. Kuma a sa'an nan da mace ya juya zuwa ga mai masauki domin taimako. Ta tambaye shi a matsayin aro. Kuma ya ce zai taimaka idan ba touchy. Mary mai aminci matarsa da wani mutum nagari mace, ta iya ba tafi a kan irin wannan ba. Matar tsohon ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ya je birnin don sa da zobe. Akwai wani mummunan hadari, Mary kama sanyi, fadi da rashin lafiya kuma mutu nan da nan bayan. Longren aka bar shi kadai tare da kadan ya a hannunsa. Ya ya ba up aiki a teku. Amma, duk da ya labarin da wani kudi ta laifi a mutuwar matarsa, da yan unguwa suka fara yi wa shi sosai mugun. Korau hali zuwa Longrenu watsu Assol, ko da yake ta kasance ba m yaro. Tare da yarinya ba wanda ya so ya zama abokai. Ya maye gurbin mahaifinta da mahaifiyarta, da kuma girlfriends.

Da zarar za je birnin da za a sanya wa sayar da kayan wasa, sanya ta mahaifinsa. Daya daga cikin su ne ta musamman son. Yana wani jirgin da filafili na mulufi siliki. A yarinya suka fara wasa da shi. By za Aigle na zo, ya ce cewa a lokacin da ta ke tsiro up, ta priplyvot yarima a kan wani jirgin ruwan da mulufi filafili. Lokacin da ta ce da ni game da abin da na ce wa mahaifinta, da bayar da labarun baka, overheard su hira, kuma kowa da kowa ya san cewa Prince za jira. Sama shi ya fara yin dãriya, kuma ƙidaya ta loony.

Wani hali na labarin - Arthur Gray. Ya kasance wani wakilin wani daraja iyali. Matashin gaskiya, m, m, m, kuma ko da yaushe ya taimaka kowa da kowa. Yaron mafarki na teku, da kuma kasada. Wata rana sai ya gudu daga gida da kuma shiga cikin schooner ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. A kyaftin yaba da soyayya a cikin teku, kazalika da tenacity da kuma leken asiri na matasa ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. Ya fara koyarwa. A shekaru 20, Arthur zama kyaftin, kuma ya samu kansa galleon. Wata rana rabo kawo cikin jirgin a Kapernu inda za live. Gray gan ta kuma gane cewa ta ba kamar sauran mutane, da kuma, kamar yadda ya kasance a bit fita daga wannan duniya. A tavern, ya koya cewa yarinya jiran wani jirgin da mulufi filafili. Ya tafi zuwa ga birnin. Akwai wani shagon, ya sayi wani kyaftin na mulufi siliki. Washegari zo da wani ban mamaki fari jirgi a Kapernu. Ya yi ja filafili. Gray dauki za a kan jirgin, kuma a kawar da tare da shi. Duk abin da ya faru a matsayin annabta Aigle. Kaperny mazauna yi mamaki.

"Gudun a cikin tãguwar ruwa"

Wannan labari, wanda Aleksandr grin rubuta sake game da teku. Tare da saurayin Thomas m abubuwa faru. Farko da ya ga yarinya ya sauko daga jirgin, wanda sarrafa a kewaye m. Kashegari ya ciyar da lokaci wasa cards da sosai ji wata mace ta da murya, wanda ya ce :. "Gudun a kan Waves" A lokaci guda kuma ya ji shi daya kawai. A rana daga baya, da ya ga jirgin a tashar jiragen ruwa tare da sunan "Gudun a kan Waves". The saurayi zaton cewa akwai wani connection tsakanin dukkan wadannan abubuwan. Ya yanke shawarar zama wani fasinja jirgin ruwa, wanda sunansa ne aka ji Playing cards. Da zarar kan jirgin, wani saurayi sami wani hoto na wani kyakkyawar yarinya. A kyaftin ya gaya masa cewa jirgin da aka gina a Ned Seniel. Amma wannan hoto da aka fentin da 'yarsa bice. Ned tafi fatara da kuma sayar da jirgin zuwa yanzu mai shi. A dare, shugaban ya ba da jirgin fun tare da mata. Ji da kururuwarta na daya daga cikinsu, Thomas m, a kuma shigar da fray. A kyaftin ya husata don haka yi aiki fasinja. Yaron da aka sa a cikin wani jirgin ruwa da kuma ta gangara zuwa teku. Jirgin ruwan ya da wata yarinya. Lokacin da ta yi magana da shi, ya kasance tabbata cewa shi ne wannan murya ji a wasa na cards. Ta gabatar da kanta a matsayin freesia Grant. Ta shawarci shi ya shugabanci ga kudu, inda za karba jirgin. Sa'an nan, ya ragu da ruwa da kuma je ta wurin ruwa. Da zarar kan jirgin, wanda ya ce Froese, Thomas ji labari. Suka ce cewa wannan yarinya shi ne wanda aka Jirgi Ya Yi Haɗari, da kuma taimaka. A jirgin ruwa Thomas hadu Desi, wanda nan da nan ta zama matarsa. A rabo daga "Gudun a kan Waves", suka koya cewa jirgin da aka samu watsi kusa da wani kowa tsibirin. Me ya ƙungiya bar - ya rage wani asiri.

A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da marubuci

Name Aleksandra Grina ne gidajen tarihi, tituna, bukukuwa da kuma sauransu. A shekarar 1978, Tarayyar Soviet ilmin Taurari sun gano wani taurãro, wanda aka bai wa sunan "Grinevoj". A girmamawa ga marubuci a 2012 an mai suna fasinja jirgin. A Kirov yana da wani library Aleksandra Grina, kazalika a Nizhny Novgorod, Feodosia, Moscow da kuma Sloboda. A St. Petebrurge hutu gudanar a shekara ga masu digiri a karkashin sunan "Scarlet filafili". Aleksandra Grina Museum ne a cikin Tsohon Crimea, Feodosiya, Kirov da Sloboda. A 120th ranar tunawa da haihuwar marubuci Literary Prize da aka kafa. Shi ne kuma sunan A. Green kira bukukuwa, tarurruka da kuma karatu. A cikin Tsohon Crimea, Naberezhnye Chelny, Gelendzhik, Theodosia, Moscow, Sloboda da Arkhangelsk da tituna suna bayan marubuci. A Kirov akwai wani dakin motsa jiki da kuma yawo suna bayan Aleksandra Grina. Kuma ma shi ne shigar da tagulla fasa.

zargi

Aleksandr grin wallafe-wallafen sukar ko da yaushe ya gane daban. Kafin juyin juya hali, wasu zarge shi da yin koyi da Poe, Yahaya. London da kuma E. Hoffmann. Ayyukansa ba dauki tsanani. Wasu sun gaskata cewa akwai wani abu ba daidai to assimilate Yammacin marubuta, musamman tun lokacin da wannan shi ne ba da wani impotent kwaikwayo da kuma parody. Suka ce cewa ayyukan A. Green impregnated da ƙishirwa domin karfi majiyai da ĩmãni a rayuwa. Ba da da ewa game A. Greene kafa da ra'ayin cewa ya kasance a master mãkirci. A cikin shekaru 20 da na rubuta game da Alexander Stepanovich cewa ya - daya daga cikin 'yan wanda ya mallaki da kalmar a cike. Maxim Gorky kira shi da wani amfani bayar da labarun baka. A 20-40 shekaru, A. Green aka dauke saba da Soviet akida. Bayan yakin duniya na II shi gaba ɗaya ake kira "mai wa'azi na cosmopolitanism," na uku-rate marubuci, ba a manyan sabon abu na adabi, da ayyukan da aka dakatar. A post-Soviet lokaci, sukar fara rubuta game da Alexander Stepanovich, cewa, a karkashin escapades da Kasadar a cikin ayyukansu boye high m tunani da kuma manufar wani hadadden hali. Wasu zamani sukar la'akari A. Green butulci, ba saba da duniya, da kuma ci gaba har karshen rayuwa boyish.