Aircraft makamai masu linzami "iska-to-air": babban halaye na

Domin magance iska hari tsara makami mai linzami da tsarin iri-iri. A babbar iri-iri na makamai da farko classified bisa ga jefa site da kuma manufa wuri. Ga misali: "Surface zuwa Air" - ƙasar-tushen jifa (da farko kalmar) domin lalata abubuwa a cikin iska sarari (na biyu kalma). Wannan irin harsasai da aka fi sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin anti-jirgin sama, watau shoot a Zenith - up. Yawa roka gudun "surface-to-air", fiye da hudu sau gudun sauti, za a iya yadda ya kamata ku yi yãƙi ba kawai tare da jirgin sama da kuma ballistic makamai masu linzami, amma kuma buga da sosai maneuverable cruise makamai masu linzami.

jirgin sama makami

Tara makamai na zamani fama da jirgin sama ne Hadakar sa na dama high-tech da tsarin, wanda conventionally kunshi wani kula da tsarin da kuma nan da nan dakatar da saka makamai. Da makamai masu linzami da aka tsara don gudu tare da iska dabba ba a kanta dandamali da kuma halakar da iska jirgin sama, a daidai da m tsarin classified a matsayin roka "iska-to-air" (B-B). A cikin West, ga tarin harsasai wannan aji amince a yi amfani da AAM raguwa na haduwa da iska-to-air makami mai linzami. Tasiri misalai daga wadannan makamai da aka farko da ya gabatar a tsakiyar forties na karshe karni. A farko m kai-shiryar da tarin harsasai da aka kofe daga "iska-iska" American roka. Rasha a halin yanzu a fagen fama hardware aka gane a matsayin undisputed shugaban. Wasu tsarin ne musamman ma tsakanin ɓullo da waje tsarin.

distance kai hare-hare

Bisa ga nesa a da abu ya lalace a cikin iska da makamai masu linzami "iska-to-air" ya kasu kashi da yawa azuzuwan. Aircraft harsasai tsara don amfani a iri uku nisa na fama:

• Domin lalata jirgin sama short-fuska da makamai masu linzami a yi amfani da layi na gani. Wadannan tarin harsasai suna sanye take da infrared abin da ya ƙunsa na'urorin. Rene ta NATO nadi - SRAAM.
• A nisa na matsakaici-fuska da makamai masu linzami amfani da su 100km (MRAAM) da abin da ya ƙunsa radar tsarin.
• Ordnance amfani a nisa har zuwa 200 km dogon zangon (LRAAM), da wani hadadden shiriya tsarin amfani daban-daban ka'idodin a kan Maris da kuma karshe hari rabo.

Kamar wancan kassa a kan tushen da dogon zangon, da developers yi imani da cewa a ba nisa roka zai buga manufa tabbas ne. A harshen kwararru shi ne ake kira tasiri nesa harbi.

shiriya tsarin a kan manufa

The shugaban na roka sanya instrumentation da damar autonomously, akwai unattended, sa dako a kan manufa da kuma buga shi. Atomatik na'urar a kan wani bango na kewaye jiki filayen ne iya ayyana dalili, da sigogi na motsi, da motsi na da makami mai linzami da kanta da kuma samar da wata tawagar domin kula da tsarin, idan ya cancanta, da rawar daji. Abin da ya ƙunsa tsarin "iska-to-air" makami mai linzami ta amfani da daban-daban na radiation nufi: Tantancewar, Ft Irfan, infrared, rediyo. A wurin location da radiation source, da shiriya tsarin ne:

• M - yin amfani da manufar radiated sakonni.
• Domin Semi-aiki shugaban bukatun nuna a kan manufar da siginar jefarwa da jirgin sama m.
• Active kansu haskaka manufa ga abin da riwayar suna sanye take da cikakken lokaci sakonni.

Submunitions da detonators

A cikin iska, musamman a high altitudes, m mataki m m. Aircraft makamai masu linzami "iska-iska" dauke da makamai a warhead high-m mataki. Saboda babban gudun motsi a matsayin manufa, da kuma makami mai linzami kanta ga warhead tambaya stricter bukatun ga samuwar mutuwa Sphere. Da ake so sakamakon za a iya cimma ta wajen amfani da tsarin zuwa ga makoma, kawar da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa ko shirye submunitions (bukukuwa, da sandunansu). A mafi kayayyakin amfani embodiment, forming radial farar da wani ɓaɓɓake cylindrical warhead, a fragmentation jacket. Bayan fadada, karin abubuwa samar da wata mazugi tare da wani truncated koli da shugabanci na motsi, wucewa roka.

Shirya rabuwa a kan bugawa da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa aka samu da tabo ko Laser hardening ta high-mita igiyoyin, da ake ji incisions ko "mask" na inert abu. Fragmentation submunitions sanye take da makami mai linzami warheads melee. A cikin matsakaici da kewayon makami mai linzami da tsarin amfani da warhead kafa na sanduna. Submunitions shirya yada a kusa da fashewar abu da kuma suna welded tare alternately manya da ƙananan iyakar. Lokacin da fitai da sandunansu samar da wata rufaffiyar zobe mai hallakarwa. Alamar rahama aukuwa underway a kan samuwar gudanar da shugabanci na ayyuka na fragmentation na filin.

Haifar warhead za'ayi a wani ganiya nesa radar fuze sanye take da daya ko biyu antennas. Modern da makamai masu linzami "iska-to-air" aji suna sanye take da Laser shigarwa, ci gaba da sa ido da nesa da manufa. A duk makami mai linzami yana da inertial detonator a taron na kai tsaye hit a kan manufa.

A kan tsare iska sarari

Domin kasar, tare da sararin nisa da underdeveloped kayayyakin more rayuwa a ƙasa a gabashin da kuma arewacin kwatance, a key kashi na tsaro ne da makamai masu linzami "iska-to-air." Rasha, ya sanya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, m fasaha ci gaba, yana da cikkaken kewayon high-yi ammonium. Rasha da makamai masu linzami da ake nufi ba kawai don ba data kasance da jirgin sama, amma kuma ta fuskar manned da unmanned jirgin sama tsarin, ya sa a cikin sabis ana sa ran a nan gaba. Modern Rasha jirgin sama sanye take da wasu daban na makamai masu linzami. A gare su shi za a tattauna kara.

Shiryar da makami mai linzami P-73 short kewayon

A samfurin da aka dauka a cikin sabis a 1983, NATO rarrabuwa AA-11 "m". Nufi don ya hallaka rayayye maneuvering manned da unmanned dalilai a iyakar gudu daga sama zuwa 2500 km / h da rana kuma da dare a duk yanayin yanayi a gaba da raya hemispheres. Domin harbi a bi da manufofin yin amfani da dawowar-farkon. Engine tare da m dirka vectoring da sauran qwarewar yarda ka wuce duk data kasance duniya analogues cikin sharuddan maneuverability. Za a iya amfani da uncontrolled iska balloons, jirage masu saukar ungulu da kuma cruise makamai masu linzami. Rokan shi ne wani ɓangare na yau da kullum sa na makamai na MiG-29 da kuma Su-27, da latest versions, kazalika da dabara kai harin, Su-34 da kuma Su-25. Samar a cikin iri biyu gyare-gyare RMD RMD-1 da kuma-2. Yana za a iya amfani da su magance cruise makamai masu linzami. A roka da aka fitar dashi. Ammonium yana da wadannan halaye:

• Weight - 110 kg.
• Tsawon - 2.9 m.
• Weight sanda warhead 8 kg.
• jefa kewayon - 40 km (RMD 2).

Wucewa rawar daji fagen fama makami mai linzami RVV-MD

New ammonium yana da dukkan-al'amari infrared abin da ya ƙunsa. Aikace-aikace aerogazodinamicheskoy maneuvering tsarin damar zuwa hallaka hari daga duk wani shugabanci. An zaci cewa wannan abin kwaikwaya za a dauke da makamai iri daban-daban jirgin sama faɗa jirgin sama da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu. "Air-surface" X-38 samar da tushen da fama ikon biyar tsara jirgin saman soja RVV-MD da roka.

• An fara nauyin ba fiye da 106 kg.
• Makami mai linzami tsawon - 2,92 m.
• Warhead nauyi tare da sanda kashi shafi - 8 kg.
• Distance tafiyar hari har zuwa 40 km.

Aircraft makamai masu linzami "iska-to-air" P-27

Shiryar da tarin harsasai makamai halitta a karo na hudu-tsara mayakan. A cewar NATO rarrabuwa AA-10 "Alamo". Specific munition da aka tsara don ya hallaka maƙiyi jirgin sama a kusa fama maneuvering kuma matsakaici nisa a iyakar gudun manufa to 3500 km / h. Kunshi wani sabon ra'ayi na gudanar da m-propellant mota. A wasu juyi na accelerators ana amfani. Gudu da roka "iska-to-air" P-27 a hudu da rabi sau da gudun sauti. Halaye dangane da wadannan gyare-gyare:

• Mass daban-daban samfurori dabam tsakanin 250 da kuma 350 kg.
• Matsakaicin tsawon 3.7 zuwa 4.9 m.
• Warhead nauyi itace-type - 39 kg.
• Cikin kewayon lalata abubuwa daga 50 zuwa 110 km.

Aircraft makami mai linzami F-77 matsakaici-kewayon

Tsara don a karo na biyar-tsara jirgin saman soja MiG - 1,42, da kuma ba sake yin fa'ida a cikin jerin. Yammacin AA-12 sunan "Adder". Saka cikin sabis a shekarar 1994. Sanye take da wani iko da engine kuma mafi m radar da infrared shiriya tsarin. An tsara tafiyar dabba ba a kanta da kuma a tsaye abubuwa na iri daban-daban da jirgin sama, ciki har da makamai masu linzami da cruise tashi da ƙasa wadannan, a kan bango na ƙasa, da teku surface a duk jeri na duwatsu. gyara na radius daga mataki tare da m boosters har zuwa 160 km.

• Weight - 700 kg.
• Tsawon - 3.5 m.
• Weight sanda warhead da multikumulyativnymi abubuwa - 22 kg.
• A iyakar kewayo na lalata abubuwa - 100 km.

Bisa ga wannan canji na munition halitta "surface-to-air." ƙasa tushen makami mai linzami siffofi da wani babban diamita mota.

Abin da ya ƙunsa makami mai linzami RVV-SD matsakaici kewayon

The latest misali na cikin gida da jirgin sama da makamai da nufin tarwatsa duk iri, ciki har da makamai masu linzami da cruise a altitudes har zuwa 25 km a nauyi radar maƙiyi cigaba. Amfani da aiki hadaddun inertial shiriya ta amfani da rediyo gyara. Fasa na'urar tana amfani da Laser kusanci haska.

• An fara nauyi zuwa 190 kg.
• Tsawon - 3.7 m.
• Warhead irin - multikumulyativnaya sanda, nauyi - 22.5 kg.
• Distance fara zuwa 110 km.

RVV-AE matsakaici-kewayon

Wannan version na makami mai linzami da aka tsara don ba ta huɗu ++ tsara faɗa jirgin sama da kuma an tsara don magance duk data kasance iri da jirgin sama, ciki har da cruise makamai masu linzami. Ammonium za a iya amfani da a kowane lokaci na rana a kan ƙasa da tẽku yanki a jihar bakin teku sashi. Developers saukar da waje jirgin sama iri. Kamar yadda amfani contactless Laser detonator fuze. Maneuvering amfani da wutar lantarki Grid filafilin kifi - mai fasaha na'urar musamman a duniya yana ba.

• Matsakaicin jefa nauyi - 180 kg.
• Matsakaicin tsawon - 3.6 m.
• Warhead sanda multikumulyativnaya, nauyi - 22.5 kg.
• Shooting nesa na 80 km.

Shiryar da makami mai linzami P-33 dogon zango

Fighter-interceptor tsara don yankin tsaro da makamai tare da matalauta terrestrial kayayyakin more rayuwa. A NATO handbooks ake magana a kai a matsayin AA-9 "Amos". A tare da tare da MiG-31-33 aka sa a cikin sabis a farkon 80s da ya kasance daya daga cikin abubuwa na Multi-interception tsarin "Shamaki". A tsarin damar da na lokaci daya amfani da duk ammonium naúrar daga 4-jirage. A wannan yanayin, da jirgin sama radar kayan aiki da kuma Semi-aiki abin da ya ƙunsa da makamai masu linzami a lokaci guda samar da wata damar buga hudu abubuwa hudu makamai masu linzami. R-33 da aka tsara don ya hallaka low-tashi da jirgin sama da kuma cruise makamai masu linzami a duk yanayin yanayi, a kan bango na duniya a duk jeri na altitudes da gudu, kuma yana da wadannan bayanan fasaha:

• Weight - 490 kg.
• Tsawon - 4,15 m.
• Mass SHI fragmentation warhead 47 kg.
• Fara Range - 120 km, tare da ƙarin nuna rubutu dalilai - to 300 km.

"The dogon hannu na" P-37

A kan tushen da R-33 ga makamai sakonnin da sabuwar hadaddun tushen Mig-31BM tsara roka dogon zangon-R-37. A wasu kafofin kira ta-DB kuma K-37. NATO rarrabuwa AA-13 "Arrow". Gwaje-gwaje na karshe samfurori kammala a 2012. Lokacin amfani don ƙirƙirar sabuwar dual-yanayin engine m man fetur da kuma sabuwar kayan aiki iko da kuma shugabanci. A lokacin da gwaje-gwaje, da rikodin buga manufa a nesa na 307 km.

• Launch nauyi daban-daban gyare-gyare na daga 510 zuwa 600 kg.
• Makami mai linzami tsawon - 4.2 m.
• Warhead - high-m, nauyi - 60 kg.
• Zangon "iska-to-air" makami mai linzami R-73 - kilomita 300, a cikin fitarwa yi - 200 km.

Magabaci ishe mu:

Kudin shiga da Rasha sojojin na high-tech kayayyakin a cikin 'yan shekaru, muhimmanci gaba da manyan kasashen yammacin Duniya. Bunƙasa shiryar da makamai masu linzami "iska-to-air" za a sanye take da more iko a kan-jirgin sarrafa kwamfuta da kuma tsarin high-gudun siginar sarrafawa. A sabon ƙarni na roka zai iya ba kawai waƙa da wata manufa a cikin wani karfi radar da infrared counter, amma kuma a boye abu tracking iska farmaki.