Addini Wicca kuma ta mahalicci. Wicca rituals

Wicca - shi ne daya daga cikin sabon addini, wanda aka kafa a tsakiyar XX karni a Ingila. By su ruhaniya fuskantarwa da addini karatu ranked a cikin mabiya neo-kafirci zuwa Yammacin Turai model. Gaskiyar cewa irin wannan addini Wicca, da bambance-bambance tsakanin mabiyansa da kuma yadda aka aikata, za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Origins of Wicca

A shahararsa ta wannan matasa addini ya samu a shekarar 1954, godiya ta zuwa ga Manzo, occultist kuma masihirci Gerald Gardner. A cewar labari, ya shaida wa duniya ya aka qaddamar a cikin asirai na tsohon maguzancin koyarwa mambobi a asirce kiyaye a Turai mayya sadaukarwa. Wannan hadisin, bisa ga Gardner, shi ne mai kai tsaye zuriyar pre-Kirista Turai imani, bisa ga bauta sojojin na yanayi, wanda ya zama mutum a cikin kamanni da Mother Goddess da Uba Allah. Daga cikin ra'ayi na tarihi, ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi da kuma Anthropology daga wadannan da'awar shi ne wajen m, don haka ne a hukumance dauke da cewa addini Wicca da aka kafa babu a baya fiye da shekaru 20 na XX karni. Yana da gaske ya nuna wasu siffofin na tsaoho matriarchal imani, amma yanayinsa ne, a maimakon haka, wani ƙoƙari na gudanar da wani m maimaitawa bi ta kira bisa Concepts na zamani neo-kafirci. Saboda haka, ka'idar kai tsaye gadar hali ba da goyan bayan tsanani kimiyya muhawara.

Wajibi ne a nan da nan yin gyara a kan wannan tambaya da wanda Ya halitta addini na Wicca. Da farko, wannan kalma na nufin hadisin abokin Gardner mai suna Charles Cardella, yayin da Gardnerian rukunan aka kira kawai "sihiri". Duk da haka 60s sunan "Wiccans" da kuma aka dangana ga mabiya Gardner, kuma baya ga duk sauran kama da samu daga ta hadisai. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa a yau, a karkashin sunan addini, "Wicca" yana nufin dama fiye ko žasa da irin wannan addini da kuma sihiri ƙungiyoyi. Kasa, za mu ba magance ainihi da kuma halaye na kowane daga gare su, saboda da yawa daga gare su, kuma kullum haifar da sabon siffofin Wiccan ka'idar da yi. Plus, mai kyau rabin-Wiccan mabiya ne da nasu kalamai eclectics, nasarar hadawa ba kawai abubuwa na daban-daban vnutrivikkanskih baya, amma hadawa su da sauran addinai, don haka da cewa a duniya akwai abin da ake kira Kiristoci da Yahudawa da Musulmi ko Wicca. Maimakon haka, mun yi magana game da na kowa addini postulates, halaye da kuma maki na rarrabawa a yi da magoya bayan na daban-daban Wiccan ƙungiyõyi.

tauhidin

Da muhimman hakkokin tushen Wiccan ibada ne postulation na biyu ba ka'idojin Allah da - namiji da mace, wanda ake wakilta a cikin siffar Allah, Allah kuma Goddess. Daban-daban hadisai da daban-daban ra'ayoyi kan abin da wasu daga cikin wadannan matsayin yana da fifiko a kan sauran. Wasu bauta wa Goddess kawai, wasu manne ga sama diteisticheskoy matsayin bauta Goddess dan kadan fi Allah. Wasu kalla daidaitaka, alhãli kuwa da hudu cikin jiki namiji zabi. A karshen, duk da haka, wani musamman rare irin Wiccans. Wannan ne mai yiwuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa patriarchal addinai sito tare da karin gishiri veneration na masculinity ne sosai a kafirci, kuma a cikin tauhidi hadisai. Wicca ma yayi wani madadin hanya, halin da kulawa ta musamman wajen femininity cewa janyo hankalin kuma kara karfafa tsakanin a fan of matriarchal asiri da kuma takamaiman ibada a layi tare da veneration na Mother Goddess.

Saboda haka Wiccans musamman m ga duk abin da ya shafi tsaoho al'adu cewa bauta wa Allah mahaifiyarsa, ko na zama Mai girma Mother, Uwar Duniya, da sauransu. E. Daga baya ɓullo da pantheon na arna alloli, mabiya Wicca yi imani al'amurran da wani musamman buɗi na asali dual Allahntakar. A cewar wannan ka'idar, duk da arna aljanna essences suna da ha Goddess, da kuma dukan gumakan - abincinsa na Allah.

Shi ne kuma halayyar cewa, reviving prehistoric da kuma tarihi arna kungiyoyin asiri, Wiccans endow wa dukiyarsa Goddess Trinity, sau da yawa ya fassara a cikin mahallin na bunch "na farko, uwa, crone." Babu shakka, wannan ra'ayi nuna dangantaka tsakanin adadi na allahntaka uwa da Lunar hawan keke. A irin wannan hoton da aka gani a cikin Greco-Roman, wasu Eastern, Celtic imani.

Amma ga Allah, ma'ana tare da horned bautãwa na Turawa, da mafarauci-bautãwa na Celtic da kuma wasu kabilu suke zaune a Turai, a pre-Kirista zamanin. Wiccans (a kalla, ba daya daga cikin mabiya Kirista da kuma, in general, da kyau, Ibrahim Wicca) nace cewa gane Allah kaxaita Allah, kuma Allah Wiccans inadmissible, kamar yadda neo-arna addini Wicca gane ba tushensu duka-iko abin bautawa da mahaliccin duniya. Matsananci mataki na immanence na Goddess da Allah - shi ne wani ɓangare daga Wiccan tauhidin. Saboda haka, tauhidin al'ada a Wicca ne pantheism, wanda postulates biyu ka'idojin Allah, an wani lokaci gani a wani dualistic hanya.

Duk da haka, da Wiccan kafofin za ka iya samun ambaci m abin bautãwa, yana tsaye a kan bambance na Allah-Goddess. A yi, shi ne, ba shakka, ya samu kadan da hankali. Amma, a rubuce, shi ya aikata yin addini, addinin Wicca. Its mahaliccinsa, Gerald Gardner, kansa ya yi magana da wannan mutum, jayayya da cewa sunansa ya zauna ba a sani ba, kuma shi ne a sama da dukan alloli. Wasu kira shi Draytenom ( "Allah" daga Tsohon Turanci) ko Daya. Duk da haka, wani m motsi matriarchal Wiccans (Dianic da kuma wasu wasu) ƙaryatãwa game da wanzuwar wannan mafi girma manufa, jayayya da cewa cikakkar duk kewaye a cikin wani adadi na Mother Goddess.

afterlife

Ga abin da shi ne gaskiya game da Wicca addini a kan dukan ƙungiyoyi, don haka shi ne abin da duk suka yi da'awar metempsychosis, wato, da transmigration rayuka. A musamman, ba shakka, Wiccans iya bambanta a ra'ayoyinsu, amma a kan dukan reincarnation - shi ne wani ɓangare daga bangaskiya. Bisa ga mafi m ka'idar, da mutum rai bayan mutuwa ne a cikin abin da ake kira ƙasar har abada bazara, shirya domin na gaba jiki. Ba kamar da addinai, Wiccans kada ka nemi wani, cikin mulkin sama ko aljanna. Kuma sabanin dharmic motsa jiki, kada ka yi kokarin tserewa daga Samsara kuma ba sa so su katse sarkar na rebirths domin ci tare da wasu Mawadãci. A wannan yanayi, addini ne Wicca - shi ne mai matukar rai-tsantsan halitta addini, mayar da hankali gaba ɗaya a kan wannan duniya da kuma gano a cikin shi da matuƙar ma'anar. Saboda haka, a yi da na mabiyan wannan rukunan ba nuna wani musamman sha'awa ga sauran duniya. Hakika, da yawa Wiccans tafiyar da spiritualism, amma, na farko, ba duk Wiccan hukuma amince da shi, da kuma abu na biyu, shi ne yake aikata kawai a wani sihiri, maimakon soteriological mahallin.

sihiri Wicca

Addini, muna magana ne game da - shi ne ba kawai wani koyarwar ruhaniya. Ya unshi m sihiri aiki, da kamar abin da sihiri kamar yadda wani addini yanka, mai irin sabis don Allah da kuma Goddess. Saboda haka, yana m zuwa jayayya da cewa shi ne addini na mayu. Wicca, a gaskiya, yana nufin zuwa Old English yare game da abin da a yau ake nufi da kalmar "maita".

Hakika, ba dole ba ne su yi sihiri, to suna da hakkin su dauki kansa a Wiccan. Kawai raba asali doctrinal Concepts na wannan addini, da kuma a kansu hanya da su bayyana abin girmamawa ga Allah da kuma Goddess da salla, kuma sirri na ibada. Amma, a daya hannun, wadannan raka'a ta ratsa, saboda gwaji na wannan addini ba tare da sihiri ciki ne sosai matalauta: babu kowa bauta ko alfarma wurare, babu littafi, babu limaman, babu sharu ɗ. Hakika akwai holidays cewa an yi bikin daga duk Wiccans, amma kuma, wannan da kansa bai isa ya kai a cika rai na ruhaniya. Bugu da kari, mafi yawan festive rituals a matsayin wani sihiri da sakamako, da kuma coven (al'umma), tsoho ne mai al'umma ayyuka mayya. Saboda haka addini Wicca ne kusan ko da yaushe guda biyu tare da sihirinsu, kuma su yin ta gaske la'akari da kansu mayu da warlocks.

rituals

Karbuwa a duniya Wiccan rituals ba ya wanzu - kowane Wiccan Wiccan coven ko haifar da nasu rituals dangane sirri dandani, da batutuwan da suka zaba. Abinda za ka iya ce shi ne abin da ake dangantawa da wasu Wiccan bikin. Da fari dai, yana da ranakun Asabar, da Esbats, wanda za a tattauna a kasa. Abu na biyu, shi ne da al'adar qaddamarwa ko kai-e kanka ga al'ada. A mafi ra'ayin mazan jiya zarce rike tripartite qaddamarwa tsarin. Na uku, akwai rituals da kuma vikkaninga hendfastinga. A farko daga cikinsu shi ne bikin a wadda jariri wakiltar Allah da kuma Goddess, domin tabbatar da kare su baby. Vikkaning qaddamarwa ba addinin, sabili da haka ba iri daya ba da baftisma ta Krista. Hendfasting - a Wiccan al'ada na aure. Wannan duk akwai su ce game da wannan, saboda takamaiman kwatancin kowane Wiccan rituals kiyaye asirin, da dogara kawai da su na sirri littafin inuwa - tarin lokatai, bikin, kuma irin wannan bayani.

Main Wicca maita hadisai da su Tushen a zamanin d rituals na aikin gona da sake zagayowar. A wani more zaman kansa al'amura sihiri dogara ne a kan ra'ayoyin na Turai Maita: hudu abubuwa, ta hanyar sabawa da mayya ko maye samar da ake so canje-canje a cikin jiki duniya. Wannan ya bambanta da yammacin kuma arewacin sihiri daga gabas, inda masihirci ne kawai ya sa shi dama ruhu, wanda ya aikata dukan aikin. Duk da haka, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da Wicca addini sau da yawa zama eclectic hali a fuskar mabiyansa, wanda ake rayayye gwaji da daban-daban hadisai, ciki har da Afirka, Australian, Indian, Tibet da kuma shamanic ayyuka. Fundamentally kafuwar duk sihiri aiki a cikin wannan tsarin ne da hakan na hudu abubuwa, da aka sani ga ayyukan da litattafansu (wuta, ƙasa, ruwa, iska) da kuma ruhu. The abubuwa za a iya sarrafawa da iradar, haifar da ake so canje-canje a kan jiki da hankulansu matakin. Wannan shi ne na sihiri. Wicca ambiguously nufin da sihiri da bambantawa a cikin baki da fari, ko da yake a farkon wannan rabo gudanar da yawa hukumomin motsi. Hana yayin da ta Attribution baki mugunta. Amma abin da yake mugunta, Wiccans ba tukuna aka yi aiki daga fiye ko žasa da fahimta da ra'ayi. Duk da haka, suna da nasu kyawawan dabi'u, wanda za a ambata a kasa.

xa'a

Wicca, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yana da babu tsarki, wahayi zuwa rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, akwai fiye ko žasa da daraja a gare ta mabiya texts, tsakanin wanda akwai kuma wani sauki amma succinct mulki: "Idan ka ayyuka ba sa cutar da kowa ba, to, ku yi abin da ka so." Wannan taken hidima a matsayin jagora a rayuwa, wanda aka yi amfani da kowane mayya. Wicca rasa, duk da haka, a sarari koyarwarsu game da abin da kuma aka hada a cikin da'irar da "babu wanda". Yana hada da kawai mutane ko dabbobi, ciki har da kwari? A shuka? Ko yadda za mu jimre wa wannan saitin Wiccan kira up for yaki? Ko wannan hanin da aka cire a lokacin da ya cancanta kariyar kai? Kuma ko akwai m? Don wadannan tambayoyi babu wani guda amsar. Amma akwai wani quite rare rubutu, kira alkawarin da Goddess. Yana da aka rubuta ta hanyar Dorin Valiente, kuma shi ke hulda da takwas halaye, wanda ya nemi a mayya: farin ciki, da girmamawa, girmamawa, bil'adama, ƙarfi, kyakkyawa, ikon da tausayi.

A bisa uku Popular Wiccan halin kirki manufa ne da ake kira dokar sau uku azaba, bisa ga abin da dukan abin da mutum ba zai yi ba, zai koma ga QShortcut. Saboda haka, Wiccan ayyuka ba su ƙaddara da umarnan gumãka, da kuma cewa a cikin Kristanci da ake kira Babbar Doka: "Kada ku yi wa wasu abin da ba ka so su yi tunanin."

jima'i dabi'u

Game da jima'i Wiccans bi don ba puritanical, postulating da 'yanci (conjugate, duk da haka, alhakin) mutum a cikin wannan al'amari. Daga cikin abubuwan, wasu Wiccans addini da kuma jima'i sihiri, wanda sau da yawa ya shafi kungiyar ibada. Wicca ambiguously nufin da batun na liwadi. Conservatives, bayan da kafa, Gerald Gardner, na wannan barnatar, jayayya da cewa irin wannan dangantaka shi ne allahiya na yi fushi. A daya hannun, mafi Wiccans ne quite m na gay mutane da kuma ba Ya kãmã a kan Wiccans daga gare su ba jima'i hane-hane. Wasu dandalin mata igiyoyin na Wicca, misali, bisa ga al'ada high yawan yan madigo.

symbolism

Wiccans sun soma yawa tsoho alamomin daga daban-daban al'adu. Duk da haka, akwai mafi hankula da kuma, don haka ya ce, alamun cewa ne daban-daban, misali, Wiccan headstone. Farko - wannan shi ne kai tsaye pentagram nufin jituwa ta abubuwa a karkashin jagorancin ruhu. Na biyu - da shi ne wata alama ce da watã, wanda aka nuna ta Goddess. Wicca ne ta amfani da wannan a matsayin wani Greek misali. Saboda haka, misali, wanda aka nuna Greek Lunar alloli. Har ila yau yana wakiltar Mai girma Uwar kuma Wicca. Hotuna da wannan alama ne da aka ba a kasa.

holidays

Wicca ba abu mai yiwuwa ba tare da ta gargajiya takwas holidays. Su duka da wani tsoho pre-Kirista asalin da aka mayar da hankali a kan canza yanayi kamar yadda suka shafi aikin gona da aikin. Calendar na kwanakin ake magana a kai a cikin Wicca dabaran na shekara.

Hudu daga cikin takwas da events suna dauke mai girma. Su ne m ga tsoho Celtic bikin da kuma wakilci da canza yanayi. Wani hudu - a vernal da autumnal equinox, da kuma hunturu da kuma bazara solstice. All guda takwas da ake kira Sabbat. Ga su ne: Samhain, Yule, Imbolc, Ostara, Beltane, Litha, Lammas da Mabon.

Akwai ban da har yanzu ma manufar "Esbats". A karshen ne wani lokacin cikakken watã da sabon wata, wanda aka kuma dauke su musamman hutu lokaci.

Wicca addini a Rasha

A kasar mu duk abin da aka sani, ya zo tare da bata lokaci ba. Kuma idan US Wiccan alama ce da aka kara wa hukuma jerin addinai da isharori a shekarar 1985, a Rasha Wicca ne kawai fara}. Saboda haka, na farko coven mu bayyana ne kawai a shekarar 2011 a Udmurtia. Duk da haka, shi ne na farko da na aikin rajista daga cikin Wiccan al'umma. Mabiya shi ne, ba shakka, sun kasance a baya, amma a sosai iyaka yawa. Yau, godiya ga yanar-gizo da kuma halin da al'adu, Wicca a Rasha an girma cikin sauri, yafi saboda da matasa. A halin yanzu, akwai Wiccans Union of Rasha, akwai da dama da sauran shirya a Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg kungiyar. A hanzari girma yawan zarce, har ma fiye da - da yawan guda dole sai. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa tsakanin su ya riga ya gani tsãgewar ƙwãyar da jayayya a kan batutuwa da dama, wanda a kansa ya wakiltar da wani gagarumin tasiri da dangi na da yawa wakilan Wicca a Rasha.