A Tekun Okhotsk: matsalolin muhalli da su mafita

Shekaru da dama, muhalli duk fadin duniya, ana kara ƙararrawa. Gurbacewar muhalli ne mai frantic taki. Saboda wannan, a yankunan da yawa daga yanayin canji, sakamakon wani rage na dabba da shuka alƙarya. Mutane da yawa jinsunan bace gaba ɗaya. Wasu yankuna ne mafi unfavorable, yayin da wasu suna cikin aminci.

Daya daga cikin matsalolin muhalli da aka yanzu dauke da ƙazantar tekuna da ruwaye. A mafi unfavorable a cikin wannan girmamawa ne da tekun Pacific da kuma ruwanta. Rasha gaba an wanke ta da tekuna a cikin yankin. Daya daga cikinsu - Tekun Okhotsk. Matsalolin muhalli ba tukuna kamar yadda kaifi, kuma aka dauke fairly tsabta har kwanan nan. Amma a kowace shekara da halin da ake ciki a can ne tabarbarewa.

Halaye na Tekun Okhotsk

Wannan jiki na ruwa wanke gaba na Rasha da kuma Japan. An rabu da Pacific Ocean Kamchatka Larabawa, da Kuril Islands da kuma tsibirin Hokkaido. Amma ya zuwa yanzu ba a dauke wani m teku, amma na Magana da teku ruwa kawai ta hanyar da straits. A Tekun Okhotsk ne daya daga cikin mafi zurfi a Rasha: ta matsakaicin zurfin kai game da 4 kilomita. Yankin ne ma a manyan jiki na ruwa - fiye da dubu murabba'in kilomita. A dukan arewacin tekun aka rufe da kankara fiye da watanni shida, sa shi wuya a kama kifi ayyukan da harkokin sufuri. A kudu maso gabas, kashe bakin tekun na Japan, Sea na Okhotsk kusan ba freezes kuma ruwanta ne mai arziki a cikin kifi da kuma karin ciyayi. A musamman fasali na wannan tafki ne ma da cewa da yawa na bakin tekun da aka indented kuma yana da yawa bays. Wasu yankuna ne ya fi karfinsu seismically, haddasa babban yawan hadari da ko da tsunamis. Uku da manyan koguna - da Amur, Farauta da Kukhtui - daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin Tekun Okhotsk. Matsalolin muhalli da shi ne ma da alaka da wuraren da suke faruwa.

Resources na yankin

A Tekun Okhotsk ba sosai arziki a cikin kifi saboda ta zazzabi. Amma har yanzu akwai quite a sana'ar kamun kifaye ci gaba. Resources na Okhotsk Sea da kuma yankin ta muhalli matsaloli suna da nasaba,. Lalle ne, daidai saboda kama kifi tasoshin da kuma man biosystem wahala. Mined a yankin m marine kifi: Saffron cod, pollock, herring, zurfin. Akwai su da yawa daban-daban kifi - chum, ruwan hoda, coho da sauransu. Bugu da kari, akwai aka samu Popular a kasashe da dama marine kaguwa, akwai squid da tẽku urchins. Akwai a cikin Okhotsk Sea da marine dabbobi masu shayarwa: like, like, like da Whales. Common ja da launin ruwan kasa algae, wanda su ma m kasuwanci hanya. A cikin teku tafki zone gano man fetur da kuma iskar gas, kazalika da wasu rare karafa.

Matsalolin muhalli na Tekun Okhotsk

A takaice bayyana su wuya saboda yankin yana fuskantar matsaloli da dama na. Muna magana ne game da su a ƙarshen daga cikin karni na 20th, amma har yanzu matsalar da aka sani kawai, ninkawa. Rabu da Coast na Far East, Kamchatka da Sakhalin Island wuya la'akari Tekun Okhotsk. Matsalolin muhalli na yankin za a iya gano kamar haka:

- mai gurbata yanayi daban-daban daga mai ruwa-ruwa da motoci da kuma hakar ma'adinai da kuma refining.

- ~ ar ruwan ƙazantar da located a kan bankunan na ƙauyuka adam aiki sharar gida.

- fada a cikin tẽku uku manyan kuma da dama karami koguna. Sun kuma gudanar da wani a mai da ruwan burbushi na masana'antu aiki na mutane. Kuma daga ƙõramu sunã gudãna Kamchatka, teku kuskure manyan adadin kwayoyin abubuwa da phenols daga Larabawa located a kan peatland.

- wani teku-faruwa tasoshin da ya fi karfinsu ecologically ga tẽku ruwa da mazaunanta. Har ila yau sarrafa kayayyakin da man fetur umurtar tõzarta zubar da, a cikin tẽku, da muhalli biosystem karya da amo, da Magnetic da lantarki filin.

- farautar - shi ne ma daya daga cikin Okhotsk Sea matsala. Securities a game da kama kifi jinsunan kifaye da marine dabbobi ruthlessly halakar ga riba.

mai gurbatawa

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran tekuna na kandami da zarar dauke aminci tsabtace muhalli. Bayan duk, a bakin tekun akwai wani tsanani masana'antu samar, ba mined ma'adanai. Amma a 'yan shekarun nan, matsalolin muhalli da Okhotsk Sea sun zama mafi m saboda mai gurbata yanayi. Wannan na faruwa daga wani karuwa a yawan kayayyakin, a cikin tẽku man fetur da fitar da sarrafa kayayyakin, lubricants da kuma wanke stormwater meltwater daga bakin teku warehouses da kuma tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Bayan duk, a cikin Tekun Okhotsk shipping ne na girma kowace shekara saboda shi ne kawai hanyar da a haɗa shi da babban yankin tare da Kuril Islands, Sakhalin da Kamchatka. Bugu da ƙari, cikin hatsarin samu na wannan yankin ya karu saboda ci gaban da man fetur da kuma iskar gas. Shafi batun kuma siffofi mallaki by Tekun Okhotsk. Matsalolin muhalli suna dada tabarbare gaban igiyoyin, manyan tides, kazalika da tashin hankali da kuma hadari tsunamis. Duk wannan take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa mai yada a tsawon nisa da guba duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

Flora da fauna

Matsalolin muhalli da Okhotsk Sea ne, yafi alaka da gaskiyar cewa bace wasu nau'in kifi da marine dabbobi. Musamman shafa sun Whales da like, wanda aka kusan zasu kare. Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci sosai domin yaki da haramtacciyar farauta da kuma wuce kima kamawa su. Dabbobi m kasuwanci jinsunan kifaye, musamman kifi, ana ma ƙwarai rage. Daga wannan kuma daga gurbatawa na marine ruwa da man fetur da kayayyakin kasuwanci darajar ne da yawa m. Environmental kasada suna kuma nuna a cikin adadin algae cewa samar for daban-daban na sakawa.

Magance matsalolin da Okhotsk Sea

A Kare Mahalli na yankin fara magana ne kawai a cikin marigayi 20th karni. Sai a wannan lokaci muhalli busa ƙararrawa saboda mafitar ruwa gurbatawa da man fetur da kayayyakin. Bugu da kari da na al'ada hanyoyin warware matsalolin muhalli a tsawon shekaru akwai lokatan da dama zaɓuɓɓuka saboda inganta da yanayin da ake ciki a yankin:

- miƙa wa juya Kamchatka kuma m ruwa a duniya gidrobioresursny ajiye kunshe a cikin jerin kare Duniya Heritage shafukan.

- Wani shawara - don sake gina dukan kasa tattalin arzikin na Kamchatka da free shi daga asara-yin masana'antu.

- shi yana dauke da cewa yana da muhimmanci a sanya wani Tekun Okhotsk matsayi na m teku na Rasha Federation. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kauce wa matsaloli da yawa: doka kama kifi, gurbatawa daga sauran kasashe ta hanyar kotuna.

- yana da muhimmanci sosai ga magance immoderate halakar marine dabbobi - mafarauta.

Kawai idan tsanani tsarin kula da warware matsalolin muhalli a wannan yankin, shi ne zai yiwu don ajiye musamman biosystem na Okhotsk Sea.