A kwayoyin duniya na Atlantic Ocean: siffofin da kuma bayanin

A kwayoyin duniya na Atlantic dogara ne a kan zazzabi, gwargwado da kuma sauran abubuwan da cewa faye hali ruwan wannan ɓangare na ma'aikatar tsaron kasar. A yanayi na rayuwa da kwayoyin bambanta muhimmanci daga arewa zuwa kudu. Saboda haka, akwai wani yanki arzikin albarkatu a cikin Atlantic, da kuma gwada da matalauta wuraren da yawan jinsin dabbobi a cikin dubun maimakon daruruwan.

Rawar da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a wata halitta hadaddun MO

A kwayoyin duniya na Atlantic Ocean yana fuskantar wani gagarumin sakamako nesa ruwa yanki daga arewa zuwa kudu. A bambancin da dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke shafi manyan yankunan nahiyar shiryayye, dake kwarara daga ƙasar da kuma sauran abubuwan da yanayi. Sea sarari, kasa da kuma surf ne gida don dubban kwayoyin cewa suna cikin daban-daban mulkokin yanayi Duniya. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi - mafi muhimmanci da aka gyara na da na halitta hadaddun. Suna fuskantar da tasiri na sauyin yanayi, ruwa abun da ke ciki da kuma kaddarorin kankara composing kasa. Bi da bi, da Organic duniya na Atlantic Ocean musababin da sauran gyara na halitta:

• algae wadãtar da ruwa tare da oxygen.
• numfasawa na shuke-shuke da dabbobi take kaiwa zuwa ƙãra carbon dioxide ciki.
• skeletons daga mazauna na coelenterates sa up kafuwar murjani reefs da kuma atolls.
• kwayoyin sha ruwa daga ma'adinai salts, Munã rage adadin su.

Organic Atlantic Duniya (takaice)

Zafin jiki da kuma, gwargwado ne da muhimmanci ga microscopic talikan da cewa yin up da plankton da algae. Wadannan suna da muhimmanci Manuniya ga Nekton - dabbobi, free-iyo a cikin ruwa shafi. Features taimako shiryayye da seafloor aka ƙaddara rayuwar benthic kwayoyin - benthos. A cikin wannan kungiyar, akwai mai yawa coelenterates da crustaceans. Akwai da dama daga fasali na nau'in abun da ke ciki, characterizing da kwayoyin duniya na Atlantic Ocean. Photos of seabed, aka nuna a kasa, bayar da damar da za su gan iri-iri na benthos a cikin subtropical da kuma wurare masu zafi latitudes. Rich kama kifi ruwa suna tsare a yankunan m kiwo plankton a temperate da zafi zones. A wadannan yankuna, akwai wani iri-iri na seabirds da marine dabbobi masu shayarwa. High latitudes arewa da kuma kudu na ruwan dare na daban-daban da tsuntsaye da cewa ciyar a kan ruwa surface, free daga kankara, da kuma kiwo mazauna gina a kan tudu.

phytoplankton

Unicellular algae ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na plankton. Wannan kungiyar hada diatoms, blue-kore, flagellates da sauran kankanin kwayoyin iya photosynthesis. Sun zauna da ruwa shafi zuwa zurfin 100 m, amma matsakaicin yawa da aka lura a farkon 50 m daga bãyan tẽkun. A tsanani daga hasken rana radiation a lokacin da warmer watanni take kaiwa zuwa m cin gaban phytoplankton - "blooming" na ruwa a cikin temperate da iyakacin duniya latitudes na Atlantic Ocean.

manyan tsire-tsire

Photosynthesizing kore, ja, ruwan kasa algae da sauran jinsunan Flora MO - wani muhimmin ɓangare na halitta hadaddun. Godiya ga shuke-shuke samun oxygen for numfashi da kuma gina jiki da dukan kwayoyin duniya na Atlantic Ocean. List of ƙasa da ciyayi ko phytobenthos hada da ba wai kawai da algae, amma kuma wakilan angiosperms sun saba da rayuwa a gishiri da ruwa, kamar haihuwa Eelgrass, Poseidonia. Wadannan "teku ciyawa" fi son taushi kasa sublittoral form a zurfin 30 zuwa 50 m karkashin ruwa fadamun.

Hankula wakilan da Flora na nahiyar shiryayye a cikin sanyi, kuma m zones a garesu na ekweita - kelp, ja algae (whelk). Suna a haɗe zuwa kasa kankara guda duwatsu. Marine ciyayi a cikin zafi sashi na poorer saboda high yanayin zafi da kuma babba insolation.
Tattalin arziki da muhimmancin algae:

• ruwan kasa (kelp) - ci abinci bauta ga aidin, potassium da algin.
• ja algae - raw kayan domin abinci da Pharmaceutical masana'antu.
• ruwan kasa Sargassum algae - tushen algin.

zooplankton

Phytoplankton da kwayoyin da suke abinci ga herbivorous microscopic dabbobi. Da yardar kaina iyo a cikin ruwa shafi, sun qumshi da zooplankton. Ya dogara ne a kan mafi kyau wakilan da Shellfish. Ya fi girma a hade a cikin meso- da macroplankton (ctenophores, siphonophores, jellyfish, cephalopods, jatan lande da kananan kifi).

Nekton da benthos

Akwai babban rukuni na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a cikin teku, iya yin tsayayya da matsa lamba na ruwa don motsawa cikin walwala a ta shafi. Wadannan damar iya yin komai da marine dabbobi na matsakaici da kuma manyan masu girma dabam.

• Crustaceans. Na wannan subtype jatan lande, crabs da lobsters.
• Shellfish. Hankula wakilan kungiyar - scallops, mussels, oysters, squid da octopuses.
• Kifi. Danginsu da kuma iyalan superclass ne mafi yawa - anchovies, sharks, plaice, sprat, kifi, teku bass, capelin, tafin kafa, pollock, haddock, halibut, sardines, herring, mackerel, cod, tuna, hake.
• Dabbobi masu rarrafe. A 'yan wakilan - teku kunkuru.
• Birds. Search for abinci a cikin ruwa, penguins, albatrosses, petrels.
• Marine dabbobi masu shayarwa. Vysokorganizovannye dabbobi - dabbobin ruwa, Whales, like, like.

Dalili na benthic dabbobi up, abu don kasa na a haɗe hanyar rayuwa, kamar coelenterates (murjãni).

Features na shuka da dabbobi jinsunan da Atlantic

1. A arewacin da kuma kudancin tasa da aka alama a gaban fauna daga jinsuna daban da kuma danginsu.
2. Plankton jinsunan a bit, amma jimlar taro kai m dabi'u, musamman a cikin temperate sauyin yanayi zone. Mamaye diatoms, foraminifera, pteropods da copepods (krill).
3. Babban nazarin halittu yawan aiki - da wata ãyã cewa characterizes fasali na Organic duniya na Atlantic Ocean. Abu mai muhimmanci daban-daban daga da yawa daga rayuwar m ruwa a kusa da tsibirin na Newfoundland, ruwayen da kudu-maso-yammacin kuma arewa maso yammacin tekun na Afirka, m tekuna da kuma gabashin Amurka shiryayye, South America.
4. Tropical zone, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, - da ya fi karfinsu yankin domin phytoplankton.
5. Nekton yawan aiki na cikin tekun Atlantic a kan shiryayye, kuma nahiyar gangara ne ya fi a irin wannan wurare tsakiyar tekuna. M kifi da cewa ciyar a kan phytoplankton da zooplankton (irin kifi, herring, mackerel, doki mackerel, da sauransu). A bude ruwan da kasuwanci muhimmancin tunas.
6. A jinsin richness na dabbobi masu shayarwa - daya daga cikin siffofin na dabba duniya na Atlantic Ocean. A baya karni, suka yi halartar wani gagarumin lalata, da lambar da ya rage.
7. Coral polyps ba kamar yadda bambancin matsayin a cikin Pacific Basin. Ba kawai teku macizai, kunkuru.

Akwai daban-daban abubuwan da bayyana yawa daga cikin wadannan siffofin da cewa faye hali kwayoyin duniya na Atlantic Ocean. A ƙarshe daga duk na sama da shawara da wadannan: dalilan da bambance-bambance alaka da kananan nisa daga cikin Atlantic a wani zafi zone, da fadada a temperate da iyakacin duniya yankuna. A bambanci, da Pacific da kuma Indian teku ne mafi girma har a cikin tropics. Wani abin da ya rinjayi zumunta talauci na Atlantic zafi-m dabbobi - rinjayar karshe glaciation, wanda ya sa wani gagarumin sanyaya a Arewa Hemisphere.

A kwayoyin duniya na Atlantic: kama kifi da wuraren

Temperate da kuma wurare masu zafi latitudes a arewacin da kuma kudancin hemispheres ne mai arziki a rayuwa. Daga cikin nau'in kifi na kasuwanci darajar, - anchovies, pollack, tuna, cod, hake, da sauransu. An mined dabbobi masu shayarwa: Whales da kuma teku zakuna. Sauran iri nazarin halittu albarkatun wakilta mollusks, crustaceans, launin ruwan kasa da kuma ja algae. Ocean Tsire-tsire suna ciyar da dabbobi da kuma masana'antu aiki. Mai clams ne mai matuqar wahala qwarai, prized a kitchen na kasashe da dama (oysters, squid, dorinar ruwa, scallops). A wannan halayyar za a iya bai wa dabbobi crustaceans, ciki har da lobsters, shrimps da crabs.

Fishing da kuma abincin teku samar maida za'ayi a kan shiryayye, kuma a cikin yanki na nahiyar gangara. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata da hannu a tattalin arziki wurare dabam dabam ruwa, yankunan da a baya goguwa, ba kamar yadda karfi anthropogenic tasiri. Saboda haka, ya dada tabarbare matsalolin muhalli ba kawai na ga ~ ar teku, amma kuma dukan teku.