A kimiyya na kifi - ichthyology

Wannan sashe na nazarin kimiyya na ilmin dabbobi da kifi: da asalin, tsari da mazauninsu, ciyar da halaye, kuma yafi, a tuntube su. Yana bayyana da kuma shirya iri daban-daban na cikin ruwa rayuwa, da motsi da kuma yaduwa, taimaka your data gudanar da kamun kifi da kuma wucin gadi namo mutum jinsunan - duk da kimiyya na kifi. Me kuke kira wannan sashe?

A tsohon tarihin da batun

A farko yunkurin gudanar da bincike da za'ayi a zamanin da. Za mu iya cewa, kasar Sin ne kimiyya da cewa karatu da kifi, ba shakka, a wani rudimentary fahimtar taso a cikin ta farko Millennium kafin Almasihu. Kuma a India - a cikin 6th karni BC. Shin, ka ga rubutun, wanda aka za'ayi bayanin wasu jinsunan, da rayuwar, da halaye na mazauninsu da abinci.

Aristotle

A kimiyya da cewa karatu kifi, aka kara raya (ba kamar yadda mai zaman kanta horo, amma a matsayin kashi daga gare ta) a cikin shahararrun aiki na bafalsafe Aristotle da kuma bincike - "History of Animals" (4th karni BC ..). Ya kamata a lura cewa da bayanai a kan marine rai, wanda aka bayyana a cikin littafin, sun kasance haka da muhimman hakkokin cewa shi ne kusan a asali sanin kifi har zuwa 15th karni. Kuma a sa'an nan-da kimiyya na kifi gaba daya dogara a kan su.

Independence da kuma yawan

Daga 15 zuwa 19 karni, masana kimiyya na daban-daban jihohin taskace ilimi daga cikin mazaunan tekuna da kuma tekuna. Kuma a cikin 19th karshe da kimiyya na kifi zama mai zaman kanta horo - ichthyology. Ta tsaya a cikin sabis na mutãne da bunkasa mai aiki kama kifi a cikin wadannan shekaru. Iko blossoming kimiyya na kifi samun shiga cikin karni na 20th, a sakamakon ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha da damar more sosai karatu cikin tẽku mai zurfi ta amfani da kura idon submarines, submersibles, Sonar kuma jannatin. Ilimi sanya gagarumin ci gaba da kai tsaye kallo na marine rayuwa.

A kimiyya na kifi: da sunan da abin karatu?

Saboda haka, ichthyology yanzu wakiltar daya daga cikin sassan da ilmin dabbobi halittun da wani kashin - kifi. Ta yin nazarin su tsari, asali da kuma ci-gaba da ayyuka na gabobin, mazauninsu da kuma hanyarsa ta rayuwa, rarraba, kuma haifuwa, juyin ci gaban wadannan teku dabbobi, systematizing jinsunan da subspecies.

Daya daga cikin manyan kwatance daga cikin mafi m - ya yi nazarin da hali na kifi, dangane da canje-canje a cikin yanayi inda suke zaune. Ta yanayin rage ko wasa da gabbai, yana da tasiri a kan abinci da haifuwa.

Wani alamar shugabanci - nazarin abinci wadata. Its gaban ko rashinsa, dangane da dalilai daban-daban (daya daga wanda, misali, - tattalin arziki aiki na mutum) kayyade hali da kuma ko da kayyade kasancewar wani irin.

Bisa ga samarwa rarrabuwa, akwai da dama iri na cikin ruwa vertabrate mazaunan - banda kisan gillar. Benthophages ciyar a kan kwayoyin cewa zauna a kasa da kasa na kandami. Detritus - a kan matattu saura da kwayoyin. Carnivorous - kama, wato, kifi. Herbivores - shuka abinci a cikin ruwa.

m aikace-aikace

Amma da kimiyya na kifi - yana da ba kawai da ka'ida. Mutane da yawa basira ne kai tsaye m amfani ga kamun kifi: kama da kiwo. Suna amfani da masana'antu da kuma masana'antu, muhalli tsinkaya, da binciken tekuna da kuma tekuna. Bayan duk, mafi yawan mu duniya da aka rufe da ruwa, kuma duk terrestrial jinsin dabbobi zo daga duniya ta teku - game da wannan, kuma kada ka manta! Daga cikin mafi gaggawa matsalolin da za'a warwaresu ta zamani ichthyology - kungiyar na dace da m, da kuma sake kunnawa na m kiwon kifi, iya abada magance matsalar gina jiki wadata a duk duniya.