A ka'idar ilimi da kuma babban yanki zuwa knowability

A ka'idar ilimi - shi ne nazarin aiwatar da jari na sabon ilmi da kuma yadda mutãne tsinkayen duniya kewaye da mu, da kuma sa-sakamako dangantaka, mukaddashin a cikinsa. Babu daya shakka cewa daga tsara zuwa tsara, mun wuce a kan wa zuriyarmu wani girma jiki na ilimi. A tsohon gaskiya ne complemented sabon binciken a fannoni daban daban: kimiyya, fasaha, da kuma a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum. Saboda haka, ilimi - shi ne wani tsarin ba da zamantakewa sadarwar da cin gaba.

Amma, a daya hannun, da yawa Concepts bayyana ta mashawarta masana kimiyya da kuma ga alama marar sakewa, bayan wani lokaci, nuna su savanin. Bari mu tuna da geocentric tsarin na sararin samaniya, wanda aka karyata ta samman. A wannan dangane da wata halitta tambaya: ko za mu iya zama cikakken m cewa mu ilmi daga wanzuwar ne gaskiya? Wannan tambaya da ya yi ƙoƙari ya amsa da ka'idar ilimi. Falsafa (ko kuma wajen, ta cewa na nazari akan batun, epistemology) nazarin matakai abin da ke faruwa a ganin na macrocosm da takaice.

Wannan kimiyya ne masu tasowa, a cikin wannan hanya kamar yadda sauran masana'antu, ta shiga da su cikin contact, yana daukan wani abu daga gare su, kuma, bi da bi, ya bada. A ka'idar ilimi babban mai m wuya, kusan ba zai yiwu aiki: fahimci mutum kwakwalwa, yadda yake aiki. Wannan aiki ne mai bit kamar labarin na Baron Mnnhauzenom, kuma shi za a iya kwatanta su da sanannen ƙoƙari "tãyar da kansa ta hanyar da gashi." Saboda haka tambayar ko mu san wani abu game da duniya marar sakewa ne, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, akwai uku yiwu amsoshin: kaffa, pessimistic da kuma dalilan.

A ka'idar ilimi babu makawa fuskanci matsalar da msar tambayar yiwuwar san cikakken gaskiya, sabili da haka dole ne tunãni a kan ma'auni don gane kuma a bincika. Yana zama a duk, ko dukan mu ideas game da shi supremely zumunta, m, bai cika? Optimists ne m cewa mu ilmi ba mu kasa. Hegel, mafi shahararren wakilin wannan Trend in epistemology, jãyayya da cewa zama babu makawa bayyana a gaban mu, to nuna mana dũkiyõyinsu, da ba su dãɗi. Kuma cigaban kimiyya da wannan shi ne hujja bayyananniya.

Wannan ra'ayi hamayya da dama. Sun ƙaryata game da yiwuwar knowability na zama, iƙirarin cewa mu gane duniya a kusa da su ji. Saboda haka, fahimi karshe game da wani abu - wannan shi ne kawai hasashe. Kuma cewa, abin da ke da gaskiya Jihar harkokin - ka'idar ilimi bai sani ba, saboda mu duka da aka yi garkuwa da mu hankula, da kuma abubuwa da mamaki wahayi zuwa gare mu kawai a cikin nau'i a cikin abin da su images ana refracted ta cikin Prism na mu ji na gaskiya. Mai cikakken bayyana a cikin ra'ayi na agnosticism epistemological relativism - rukunan cikin cikakkar canzawa daga events, mamaki da kuma facts.

A ka'idar ilimi na shakka ya koma zuwa ga zamanin d hikima. Aristotle da shawarar cewa wadanda suke so su sani a fili, ya kamata karfi da shakka. Wannan Trend ba ƙaryatãwa game da yiwuwar fahimtar duniya bisa manufa, agnosticism, amma kira da aka ba a bi don haka gullibly to suna da samuwa mana ilimi, akidun da alama indisputable gaskiya. Hanyar "tabbaci" ko "gurbata" yana yiwuwa ya ware alkama daga ƙaiƙayi da kuma, a karshe, ka san gaskiya.