A gyarawa dangane da ƙasũsuwa ... Abin da ake dangane da ƙasũsuwa ana gyarawa?

The mutum ƙasũsuwa a cikin jikin mutum suna da alaka da juna a wani guda kwarangwal tsokoki, da jijiyoyin, cartilages. Su ba shi siffar da ƙarfi, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta, da kuma motsi. Kusan duk kasusuwa a cikin jikin mutum kai tsaye da alaƙa da juna.

Iri dangane da ƙasũsuwa

Akwai 3-daban na sadarwa tsakanin ƙasũsuwa: gyarawa, mobile da kuma Semi-dabba ba a kanta. A mataki na 'yancin ya dogara da irin da kuma tsarin da nama dake tsakanin ƙasũsuwa. Yana iya danganta su quite wuya, samar da iyaka m connectivity ko fadi da kewayon motsi:

1. Har yanzu fili kashi o ƙarin da za a kafa ta hanyar da Fusion, shi ne halayyar ga iyakance ƙungiyoyi daga cikin cikakken rashin ko kananan motsi.
2. Mahadi zama Semi-dabba ba a kanta tsakanin tsit da kuma mobile sadarwa.
3. Domin mobile sadarwa suna gidajen abinci, su ne ke da alhakin makanikai na motsi a cikin jiki.

tsayayyen connection

A gyarawa connection yana da ƙasũsuwa kwanyar da kafafuwa adam. A gidajen abinci a tsakãninsu akwai wani bakin ciki Layer na a haɗa kabu ko guringuntsi. Idan akai la'akari da fili form, akwai seams toothed, lebur da kuma flake. Dukan su ne yanki na kwanyar ƙasũsuwa da, gane cushioning sakamako a lokacin motsi.

Saboda gaskiya cewa tsayayyen connection yana da ƙasũsuwa kwanyar ƙasũsuwa kare shi daga abubuwa wajen kwakwalwa kuma azanci shine gabobin, kazalika da samar da fuska fasali. The kawai ware motsi temporomandibular nizhechelyustnye gidajen abinci cewa connect da kwanyar da ƙananan muƙamuƙi.

A tsarin da kwanyar ƙasũsuwa

A cikin kwanyar akwai 2 manyan ƙungiyoyin:

• Daya daga cikinsu, a cikin kwakwalwa da aka gina na 8 ƙasũsuwa da cewa kare kwakwalwa da kuma can cikin kunne. All ƙasusuwansa ne juna yadudduka na fibrous nama - gidajen abinci.
• A fuska ta ƙunshi 14 kasũsuwa, ashe, inda da hanci, baki da kuma idanu. Kasusuwa da fuska yankin fassara siffa daga cikin mutum fuska. A hanci kogo ne zuwa kashi biyu tsakaitã halves osteochondral septum. Bony outgrowths kira turbinates, tilasta kwarara daga cikin shigowa iska da kuma dumi tace, barin mucous turɓãya da germs. Wannan ma yana buɗewa da sinuses.

A gyarawa dangane da kashi yana da wani bakin ciki Layer na fibrous nama, wanda taka wata rawa ta manne. Yana da wani m fibrous samuwar abin da ya sa su immobile. Irin wannan wani ajali dangane da ƙasũsuwa kira synarthrosis. Synarthrosis samu a cikin kwanyar, kamar gidajen abinci tare da connective nama tsakanin su. Wannan yadda hade da juna, ƙashi na daga cikin kwanyar da kuma hakora tare da ramukan jaws.

Semi-motsi fili

A cikin mutane, 7 mahaifa vertebrae, wanda akwai biyu babba Atlanta da axial. Atlanta - mai kararrawa zobe, wanda Bears duka nauyi na mutum ragargaje. Sunansa, ta hanyar, an sadaukar da yanci Titan rike a kan kafadu da vault na sama. Shi ne da godiya ga sanarwa akan abinda na atalas da kwanyar, wani mutum zai iya nod. A vertebra axial ko epistrophe suranta saman hakori, a kusa da rotates tare da atalas ragargaje.

Gama Semi-motsi ƙasũsuwa ne guringuntsi, amma guringuntsi ne thicker akwai m rami. Limited motsi na wadannan mahadi ne saboda guringuntsi faranti da kuma na roba igiyoyinsu.

Synchondrosises - a wasan kusa da na dabba ba a kanta sadarwa tsakanin ƙasusuwan sosai kananan mataki na motsi. Guringuntsi mahadi sun iyakance motsi saboda da elasticity na guringuntsi, kashi ɗaurinSa. Alal misali, Semi-motsi hadin gwiwa na kashi yana da pubic symphysis, rufe da gaban kafafuwa da kuma kashin baya fayafai. A guringuntsi Kwayoyin rabu da intercellular abu cewa sau da yawa Forms m frame, kyale shi yin nauyin, da goyon bayan da kuma m aiki.

cartilaginous connection

Akwai da dama iri guringuntsi:

1. Hyaline (idon yayi kamar gilashi) - ya fi na kowa. Shi ne sosai karfi, da santsi, bluish. Yana Forms wani kwarangwal na wani amfrayo da kuma adult - wani ɓangare na hakarkarinsa, numfashi goyon baya da alaƙa ƙasũsuwa articular saman. Sha'awa, da fetal kwarangwal aka hada da yafi na da irin wannan m guringuntsi, wanda a hankali tasowa cikin kashi nama. A saurã daga guringuntsi tsakanin diaphysis da epiphyses ossify kawai zuwa shekaru 25. Bugu da kari, ba duk na ossified guringuntsi kwarangwal. Ya zauna a cikin articular saman na kasũsuwa, ashe, hanci da kuma kunnuwa.
2. A fibrous (fibrous) - whitish a launi. Ya ƙunshi mafi collagen zaruruwa da kuma siffofin mahadi da iyaka motsi, kamar haɗa da intervertebral fayafai. Wadannan cartilaginous intervertebral fayafai iya dan kadan matsa da curl, amma samar da sassauci daga cikin kashin baya saboda ta multiplicity.
3. Na roba (net) - yellowish a launi. Yana siffofi da wani babban yawan Elastin zaruruwa, wanda ya ba shi da sassauci. Yana Forms da kwarangwal na kunne da kuma na makogwaro.

Collagen - wani sosai m da m abu, wanda shi ne tushen mafi connective nama cewa connect, share, da kuma kare muhimmanci gabobin. Wadannan sun hada da kashi, guringuntsi, fibrous nama.

A gyarawa dangane da ƙasũsuwa: misalai

Magana game da tsayayyen dangane da kasũsuwa, ashe, kana bukatar ka daina kan synostosis cewa kafa daga syndesmoses da synchondrosises da shekaru. A wannan yanayin, da connective nama ko guringuntsi tsakanin ƙasusuwan wasu canza kama zuwa kashi.

Saboda haka, ƙashi na daga cikin pelvic abin ɗamara - misali ne na yadda ƙasusuwan ne tsayayyen sadarwa. Su dokoki ne da wani abu a cikin hanyar wani kwano, da kuma kare gabobin da goyon bayan ƙananan ciki. Wannan bel jure babban lodi da hip hadin gwiwa rami ne sosai zurfi fiye da kafada, don haka shi ne yafi barga.

Alal misali, coccyx aka yi sama da 3-5 rudimentary vertebrae ake Fused da shekaru a guda triangular kashi. Wani misali synostosis protrude overgrown seams ko fontanel jariri. Wannan physiological synostosis.

Amma ga wasu cututtuka na kashi ossification na na'ura ba kawai guringuntsi nama zai iya faruwa, amma kuma wasu daga cikin gidajen abinci. Wannan pathological synostosis. Movement a irin wannan ossification halitta fakowa ba.