A gaban gefen wani denomination. Wanne gefe a gaban doka an dauki?

Kowane banknote, ko tsabar kudin ko banknote yana da nasa "fuska", kuma mafi musamman, da gaban da kuma mayar da gefe. Duk da haka, wani lokacin wani m mutum ne mai wuya a gane inda gaban gefe na doka, da kuma inda ta raya part. Hakika, don biya wa dukiya ko ayyuka, irin wannan ilmi ne, ba a bukatar, amma batun da muhimmanci, wani lokacin ma sufi muhimmanci ga wasu mutane.

Ina obverse

Avers - abin da ake kira gaban gefe na banknotes ko tsabar kudi, da kuma a can ne sunan daga Faransa kalma avers ko adversus Latin, wanda ke nufin "ta fuska da fuska."

A general yi, da kuma musamman adabi babu yarjejeniya kamar yadda ya yadda za a gane da "fuska" da banknote. Kowacce jiha na da hakkin ya kafa nasu dokoki a cikin al'amarin. Duk da haka, akwai wasu janar jagororin ga definition na obverse. Saboda haka, a gaban gefe, kamar yadda mai mulkin, suna wakilta:

• wani hoto na Gwamnan, shugaba (na yanzu ko tsohon) shugaban kasa.
• Jihar alama ko alama na kasar. wani lokacin da ta faru da cewa isharori aka sanya a garesu, sa'an nan da obverse ne daya a kan abin da akwai babban alama ce da iko, da babbar daraja ko girma a size.
• labari, da sunan jihar, da ƙasa;
• da sunan bayarwa banki.

Kuma idan wani mutum ya aikata ba

Wani lokaci, ko da yake, ta faru da cewa gaban gefe na banknote ba shi da wani na sama bayyanar cututtuka. Ta yaya za a iya cewa zama? A lokuta inda image cewa ya bayyana a lissafin ne ba a hoto, kuma bã tunawa wuri, dauke su obverse gefe daura da cewa a wanda aka sanya cikin wata ɗarika banknote, ko daya inda serial number.
A mafi wuya lokuta kamata koma zuwa kasa kasida na kasar da cewa bayar da doka. Duk da haka, wannan mulki ya shafi ƙarin ga tsabar kudi, domin suna da yawa karami sarari, inda dukkan distinctions zama da wuya.

Me canza "fuska" a cikin ruble

Rasha banknotes ma da ãyõyi obverse, batun da janar dokoki. Duk da haka, a lokuta daban-daban, wadannan rarrabe siffofin sun m: kusan ko da yaushe hotuna na sarakuna da aka sanya a gaban gefe na Rasha banknotes, kuma a Soviet sau da suka canja hoto na shugaban na proletariat V. I. Lenina, ya halarci banki rubutu na wani darajar. Duk da haka, bayan da 1991 juyin mulki da iko, da kuma tare da shi da jihar ta siyasa shakka canja da cika fuska, kuma nan da nan da ake bukata wani sabon kudin, inda wani hoto na Vladimir Ilyich sauri maye gurbin da Kremlin ta image, wata alama ce jiha ikon, babban sansanin soja na kasar. Tun wannan lokacin, kuma har yanzu gaban gefe na doka Rasha banknotes daina nuna hotuna, don haka kamar yadda ba su dogara a kan manufofin da ke jihar. Images of birane da kuma al'adu Monuments ba kawo akida underpinnings kuma zai zama dacewa a kowane lokaci.

A Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki

A gaban gefen wani denomination na 100 rubles da samfurin a cikin 1993 da aka yi wa ado da image na Majalisar Dattijan Hasumiyar Moscow Kremlin da Rasha tricolor, sanya a kan Dome na majalisar dattijai. A gaskiya, irin wannan hoto a lokacin da a kan obverse takardar kudi na wani denomination, amma riga a 1995, duk abin da ya canza a cikin roko da aka bayar da sabon bayanin kula a ƙungiyõyi na 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 da kuma 500 dubu rubles .. Amma sabon "centesimal" ya bayyana kadan daga baya - Janairu 1, 1998.

Gefen dama na doka, wanda sanya photo kasa, yana mai hoto quadriga, Roman biyu wheeled karusarsa kõma da hudu dawakai. Wannan tagulla karusar Apollo qawatawa da portico na Moscow Bolshoi Theater. Da farko, wannan hoton da banknote ƙungiyõyi na 100 000 goga., Amma bayan da denomination a 1997 doki "thinner" daidai dubu sau da kuma shagaltar da wuri na girmamawa ne riga a kan banknote ƙungiyõyi na 100 rubles. Kamar yadda irin wannan, daruruwan har yanzu wanzu a yau, amma Oktoba 30, 2013 wallafa wani sabon "Olympic" commemorative banknote na 100 rubles. Shi ne m cewa ta saki aka kaddamar daidai da ɗaya da ɗari kwanaki kafin a bude na gasar wasannin Olympics. A gaban gefen wani denomination na 100 rubles a snowboarder image tsinkaya a gasar Olympics, da kuma a kan mayar da shi ne a bayyane stylized firebird, tashin gwauron zabi a kan Olympic Stadium "Fischt". A total wurare dabam dabam na "Olympic daruruwan" miliyan 20 kofe, da kuma wasu daga cikinsu da aka saki a kyauta akwatin.

dubbai denomination

A obverse dubu takardar kudi a 1993 kuma ya yi gunki na kasa flag a cikin majalisar dattijai hasumiya, da kuma a cikin 95 th banki rubutu da aka sa a fitar sake. Gefen dama na banknotes na 1000 rubles, wanda kuwa ya gangara zuwa cikin wurare dabam dabam 29 ga watan Satumba, 1995, haifar Vladivostok jan hankali - tip na rostral shafi a cikin nau'i na jirgin ruwa mai filafili "Manchuria", wanda aka shigar a ƙofar birnin a shekarar 1982. Na biyu adadi a kan obverse ne siffar da tashar jiragen ruwan teku na Vladivostok, located a cikin shahararrun bay na Golden Kakakin, wanda kanta tana da arziki tarihi. Duk da haka, a cikin irin wannan "dubu" dade ba ma dogon - zo da denomination, da kuma sake dauki sabon kudi. 1 Janairu 2001 gan hasken sabon banknote 1000 Rasha rubles, ta obverse qawata abin tunawa ga Grand Prince Yaroslav Mai hikima, gina a cikin girmamawa ga kafa na mazauna birnin na Yaroslavl. Na biyu image a kan obverse na banknote ne Chapel Kazan Dame backdrop na Yaroslavskyy Kremlin. Kamar yadda irin wannan, da "dubbai" wanzu a yau. Duk da cewa ta sau biyu a fitar, bayyanar da shi ya canza ba, kawai kara mataki na kariya.

da amincin

Kowacce jiha al'amurran da suka shafi da kansa banknotes, an kawai zamar masa dole ya kula da su kare amincin. Hakika, ba wani asirin da cewa jabun banknotes da kuma tsabar kudi - shi ne mai laifi yi, amma, da rashin alheri, wannan ilimi ba zai iya dakatar counterfeiters, okin ya sami. Mafi sau da yawa, da gaskiya alamar wata ɗaya rarraba kan dukan surface na doka, amma a wasu lokuta, mafi yawansu ba su Aversa.

Alal misali, Tantance kalmar sirri siffofi mafi sau da yawa a bayyane a gaban gefe, su ne:

• moire juna - musamman yankin, da canza launi da kuma yana da bayyane iridescent tsiri.
• matsawa sakamako - wani latent image wanda za a iya gani, kawai idan akai la'akari da doka a kaifi kwana.
• infrared tags - ɓangare na image an rufe tare da wani musamman fili cewa yana da ikon haske a cikin infrared;
• embossed rubuta - musamman sanya gani sosai.
• microperforation - denomination banknotes, cushe da kananan ramuka ga gani sosai.
• da lambar siriyal, located in wani musamman wuri.
• da ake ji wani image yin amfani da optically m tawada.

Hakika, akwai wasu siffofin - watermarks, tsaro zaruruwa, Magnetic tasirin, micro rubutu, mikrorisunok, m ƙarfe thread, da sauransu, amma su ne mafi sau da yawa ba a cikin wurare dabam dabam, ko kuma a cikin kauri daga cikin doka kanta.

Nawa kudi da banki ba zai yarda da

Abin ban mamaki isa, amma a wasu lokuta wani lissafin ku ba zai yarda da, ko da shi gaskiya ne. Banks an janye daga wurare dabam dabam (ba tare da ramuwa) irin wannan moneys:

• ƙasƙancin rãyuwa, mugun frayed.
• samu daga wurare dabam dabam (a karshen na son rai musayar ajalin).
• Banknote part, wanda yanki ne kasa da 55% na asali size.
• takardar kudi, lalace ta hanyar ruwa, wuta, sunadarai, idan tare da hallaka rabo da kasa da 55% na farko yanki.
• kuma ba su yarda da banknotes, idan kuma baya da ko gaban gefe na doka ba daya daga cikin biyu ƙungiyõyi, lambobi, ko idan suna sosai spoiled: da rashin tsaro thread, mai tsanani lalacewar ko sauyawa na hoto, wani canji a cikin maras muhimmanci darajar da banknote a cikin sasanninta.
• wannan yana zartuwa ga karye, a yanka a cikin da dama na fadiwa gam banknotes, idan daya daga cikin sassan duka nasa ne kasa da 55% na yankin.

kudi ãyõyi

To, yanzu ka san inda gaban gefe na doka, don haka yana da lokaci zuwa magana game da mafi m kuma, suka ce, cikin tasiri Take-shafi obverse. Idan kana so ka yi kudi ka ko da yaushe aka za'ayi a cikin manyan lambobi, shi wajibi ne ya bi da su da daraja. An yi imani da cewa kudi a cikin walat ya kamata a sanya tsananin obverse to da mai shi, kuma a cikin wani takamaiman tsari - daga qarshe zuwa magangara mafi ƙasƙanci, don haka da cewa lokacin da ka bude alabe sosai manyan takardar kudi duba ka mike a fuskar. Kuma a cikin wani hali, da kudi kamata ba karya "juye" - zai iya zama "offended" da kuma bar. Wani ya yi ĩmãni da bata bayan shiriya, wasu yi ba, amma ka jũyar da fuskarka ga kudi kanta ba wuya, don haka kokarin hana ku - kuma ba zato ba tsammani aiki?