A ƙasa da jimlar yankin na Tyumen yankin: description da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Tyumen yankin, yankin na ƙasa wanda yake shi ne mafi girma na uku a kasar Rasha ya kasance kullum, ya zauna, domin lokacin, daya daga cikin goyon bayan yankuna na kasar. Duk da matsananci yanayin damina, shi ne bunkasa tattalin arziki da sharuddan, shi ne ya gina wani shuka, girma yawan. Hakika, daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da nasarar arewacin yankin - arzikin albarkatu. A ciwon hanji na m yankuna na muhimmanci na man fetur da kuma iskar gas reserves a kasar.

Yankin facts na zamanin d tarihi

Motsi a cikin ƙasa na zamani Tyumen yankin fara a cikin sama (marigayi) Paleolithic game da 43 shekara dubu da suka wuce. Wannan al'amari ya tabbatar da abin mamaki binciken a kauyen Baygara - nadpyatochnaya (talus) kashi na wani hominid. Its size ne game da 4.5 zuwa 5 cm, da kuma mallakar wani adult yana da shekaru 20-50 shekaru, da suka rayu a wannan yanki 43 000 da suka wuce. An zaci cewa hominids mallakar halittar Homo sapiens.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Tyumen yankin yanki ne quite manyan, kuma archaeologists da wuri zuwa "yawon" domin tabbatarwa daga farkon shiri na wadannan kasashe. Saboda haka, da farko burbushi na mutum habitation (ragowar ƙauyuka da makabartun) an samu a gaba na Lake St. Andarawas da Tours. Su ne Sargatka al'adu cewa wanzu a cikin 7-6 ƙarni. BC. e. A farkon karni fara da sake ma su matsugunni da makiyaya: Ugrian da Samoyed kabilar, wanda aka maye gurbinsu da Turkic-magana mutane zuwa kudu. Cuɗanya da 'yan asalin' yan qasar kabilu, da suka kafa wata sabuwar al'umma, musamman, Mansi da Khanty, Selkup, Nenets.

A 13-16 ƙarni a kan gaba na Tyumenka ta kasance babban birnin Tyumen khanate Kerayit da Tatars. Shi ne mai talakansa na na da gabashin jihar na Golden taro. Bayan crushing karshen cikin raba Khanate, Siberia kafa na farko ƙungiyar - Grand Duchy na Tyumen. Ya aka maye gurbinsu da Siberian Khanate a 1420 ta, tare da babban birnin kasar a Kashlyk.

Ci daga Siberia

A halin yanzu, jimlar yankin na Tyumen yankin (subject to m yankuna) ne 1.464.173 km ^2, da kuma wannan zaki ya share na Yammacin Siberia. Territory kasance na farko da a kan hanyar zuwa Rasha Gabas. Don su zuwa a cikin 16th karni. Suna zaune kusa da Nenets mutane (makiyaya), Hunt da taiga dayansu da masunta Mansi. Yawan kabilu ya game 8 da kuma 15-18 dubu. Mutane bi da bi. A kudu sun rayu Turkic kabilan wanda tare kira "Tatars".

An yi imani da cewa Rasha gaba cikin Siberia tafi fairly lumana. Ã'a, sũ da aka gabatar da sabon yankunan, fiye da nasara da su. Active ci gaban Moscow, cikin Urals da Trans-Urals fara bayan faduwar Novgorod a 1478, amma har da marigayi 16th karni da aka iyakance zuwa kawai 'yan nasara yakin. Siberian Khanate tsiwirwirinsu ƙarfi ne, kuma ya zama wata barazana ga, a gabacin ƙasa. Bayan da kai hari a kan m fatake stroganoff ikon mallakar, a 1573, ta shirya Kuchum, shi aka Fused detachment karkashin jagorancin Ataman Ermak. Ya zahiri bude hanyar zuwa Gabas ga Muscovites, da ci daga Siberia a lokacin babu tsayawa. A kadan kasa da wani karni da shi da aka gaba daya a haɗe zuwa Rasha jihar.

Kasa wuri da kuma yankin na Tyumen yankin

Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, yankin na Tyumen yankin ne 1.464.173 km ^2, da yankin mukamansu uku a size, bayan da Jamhuriyar na Sakha (Yakutia) da kuma Krasnoyarsk Abuja. Yana lullube daga gabas zuwa yamma da kuma arewa zuwa kudu ne 1400 km da kuma 2100 km bi da bi. Tyumen Region aka located a kudu maso yammacin ɓangare na Shefela na West Siberian Bayyana. A arewacin batu - mai kabido Skuratov a cikin Yamal Larabawa, kudancin - a Sladkovsky District, yammacin - tushen na kogin Severnaya Sosva, gabas - a cikin Nizhnevartovsk District. Sashe na daga cikin yankin da aka wanke da ruwan Kara Sea, da sauran iyakokin a Krasnoyarsk Krai, Kurgan, Omsk, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk da Arkhangelsk Oblast, Komi Jamhuriyar, da kuma Kazakhstan. Its zamani sunan yankin samu Agusta 14, 1944.

siyasa division

biyu m gundumomi dake a cikin yankin: Yamalo-Nenets da Khanty-Mansiysk. A 1993 da suka samu matsayi, daidaita zuwa RF batutuwa, amma shi ne a hukumance har yanzu ɓangare na Tyumen yankin. Suna yin gõri da ta size: 769 da 250 km ² da 534 801 km ^2, bi da bi. A yankin na Tyumen yankin ba tare da m gundumomi ba ma manyan - kawai 160 122 km ^2.

A yankin ya hada da 29 birane, da most of su: Tyumen (720 575 pers.), Surgut (348 643 pers.), Nizhnevartovsk (270 846 pers.), Nefteyugansk (125 368 pers.), Novy Urengoy (111 163 mutane). , Noyabrsk (106 631 pers.). Kusa da lamba 100 000 Tobolsk (hoton sama) da kuma Khanty-Mansiysk. Daga cikin biranen mamaye kananan - har zuwa 50 dubu mutane .. Area 38 ne zuwa kashi yankunan 480 aiki municipalities.

A sauyin yanayi na arewacin yankin

Saboda gaskiya cewa Tyumen yankin yanki ne manyan, da sauyin yanayi a wasu yankunan shi na iya bambanta ma, duka biyu Flora da fauna. Sararin ƙasa dake a cikin Arctic hamada zone, gandun daji-tundra da tundra, taiga, steppe da kuma gauraye gandun daji. A yankin da aka halin matsananci yanayin damina a mafi sassa. Domin yankunan na Far Arewa hada da Yamalo-Nenets, Berezovsky da Beloyarskii yankunan KhMAO-Yugra, sauran administrative raka'a na karshen da Uvat gundumar daidaita zuwa gare su.

A yankin arewacin mamaye Arctic (iyakacin duniya) tare da shekara-zagaye sauyin yanayi korau iska yanayin zafi. An ƙaddara da kusanci na Kara Sea da sanyi permafrost, da wani yawa na koguna, Marshes da tabkuna. Domin Arctic sauyin yanayi ne halin da dogon hunturu (har zuwa 8 months.), A sosai short bazara, low ruwan sama da kuma tsananin iska. Average shekara-shekara zafin jiki ne korau, game da -10 ° C in winter, ƙananan bakin kofa da ake gyarawa a kusa da -70 ° C. A yankin na Tyumen yankin dake a wadannan yanayin damina, shi ne fiye da rabin jimlar (lura sama map, AO shaded).

A sauyin yanayi na tsakiya da kuma kudancin yankin

Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Tyumen yankin batun matsakaici sauyin yanayi, wanda aka kafa a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere. An halin m da kuma gagarumin bambancin yanayi matsa lamba, iska zazzabi, iska shugabanci canje-canje. Duk wannan shi ne sakamakon m aiki na cyclones. A temperate sauyin yanayi yana da hudu pronounced yanayi: hunturu da kuma bazara (main), kaka da kuma bazara (matsakaici). Winter kafa m snow murfin. Climate iya samun sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na tsanani daga m zuwa kaifi-nahiyar. Saboda haka, tsawon lokacin da iska zafin jiki ne da ke ƙasa 0 ° C ne 130 days a kowace shekara a babban birnin yankin. A yankin kudu da Tyumen yankin ne kamar 1/3 na kasarta.

ma'adanai

A Tyumen yankin yana reserves na hydrocarbons, wanda ke bayyane a kan duniya sikelin. Shi ne a cikin hanjinsu da muhimmanci na kasar gas da kuma man fetur. A total girma na bincike hakowa wuce miliyan 45 cubic mita ^3. Mai da aka samar, yafi a cikin Likitan mata, da kuma iskar gas a Arewa. Tare da aiwatar hade m ci gaba na yankin. A mafi shahararren da m adibas na hydrocarbons - shi ne Fyodorovskoye, Mamontovskoye, Likitan mata, Samotlorskoye gas - Yamburgskoye, Urengoiskoye, Bear. Aiwatar peat, ma'adini yashi, sapropel, farar ƙasa da dutse mai daraja duwatsu, karfe tama (jan chromite, gubar).

Ruwa da gandun daji da albarkatun

Yankin yana da wani m stock na sabo ruwa da aka mayar da hankali a cikin babban kõguna - Irtish kuma Likitan mata (da navigable darajar) Tobol, Great Lakes Uvat, Black et al Area Tyumen yanki a sq. M. km shagaltar da gandun daji, daidai to 430 000 (43 kadada miliyan). A cewar wannan nuna alama, shi mukamansu uku a cikin dukan yankuna na kasar. A kudu ne maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi, a cikin abin da ruwa zazzabi jeri daga 37 zuwa 50 ° C, da suka mallaka balneological Properties kuma suna Popular ba kawai mazauna amma kuma yawon bude ido daga kasashen yankuna.

Tyumen yankin yawan

Bayan koyo game da abin da yankin na Tyumen yankin a cikin ranking daga cikin yankuna, yadda babban shi ne, wanda zai iya infer cewa yawan ya zama da yawa. Duk da haka, ya kamata yi wani kyautatuwa da matsananci yanayin damina a wanda yana da matukar wuya a rayuwa. Tyumen yankin tare da wani yawan 3.615.485 mutane (as na 2016, ciki har da m gundumomi) bai fada ma a saman ashirin da rating na Rasha yankuna a sakamakon karshe ƙidaya. Kuma wannan duk da cewa ta na uku, yankin. Very low yawan yawa - 2,47 mutane da murabba'in kilomita. Mafi yawan mutane rayuwa a birane - 80,12%, wanda shi ne quite ma'ana, kamar yadda a cikin permafrost da tundra tsira a auyuka da kuma garuruwa da wuya.

Amma ga kasa abun da ke ciki, da yawan da yawan, bisa ga 2010 ƙidaya - a Rasha (69.26%). A na biyu da kuma na uku mafi yawan Tatar (7.07%) kuma Ukrainian (4.63%). Ko kasa Bashkirs da Azerbaijanis, 1,37% da kuma 1,28% bi da bi. Sauran al'ummai raba kasa da 1%. Da 'yan asalin mutane na arewa: Nenets, Khanty da Mansi wakilta 0,93%, 0,86% da kuma 0,34% bi da bi.