555 guntu: yin amfani da

Microcircuits hadedde saita lokaci NE555 - wannan shi ne ainihin nasara a fagen lantarki. Yana da aka halitta a shekara ta 1972 da wani ma'aikaci na kamfanin Signetics Hans R. Camenzind. Da sabuwar dabara ba a rasa ta munasaba a yau. Daga baya, a naúrar ya zama tushen da Ms. a sau biyu (IN556N) da kuma yan hudu sanyi (IN558N).

Ba tare da wani shakka ba, brainchild na lantarki injiniya ba shi damar daukar wani shahararren alkuki a cikin tarihi na fasaha ƙirƙirãwa. By da matakin na tallace-tallace na na'ura tun bayan da jefa bayana ya zama shugabana wani. A shekara ta biyu ta guntu 555 ne mafi sayar yanki.

Leadership kiyaye a duk m shekaru. 555 guntu, wanda amfani da karuwa a kowace shekara, sayar sosai. Alal misali, fiye da biliyan daya kofe aka sayar a shekarar 2003. Kanfigareshan na naúra a lokacin da lokaci ya canza ba. An wanzu ga shekaru sama da 40.

Fitowan na'urar mamaki na mahalicci ba. Camenzind aka nufin yin m amfani da IP, amma cewa zai zama haka arziki, ya ba su sa ran. Da farko an yi amfani da matsayin da mai židayar lokaci ko wata bugun jini janareta. Chip 555, da yin amfani da abin da ya karu cikin sauri, yanzu amfani da toys yara har zuwa cikin kumbon sama jannati.

The na'urar da aka bambanta da jimiri, saboda an gina a kan tushen da bipolar fasaha, da kuma yi amfani da shi a cikin wani sarari musamman ya yi wani abu ba da ake bukata. Kawai gwajin aikin ne da za'ayi tare da matsananci rigor. Saboda haka, a 555 NE kewaye gwajin ga wani kewayon aikace-aikace don ƙirƙirar mutum gwajin bayani dalla-dalla. A samar da makircinsu, babu bambance-bambance, amma a lokacin da fitarwa iko fuskanci jũna markedly.

Bayyanar da makirci a cikin gida lantarki

A farko ambaci bidi'a a cikin Soviet adabi bayyana a rediyo a shekarar 1975. da sabuwar dabara na wani labarin da aka buga a mujallar "Electronics". Chip 555, wanda aka halitta da Soviet analogue lantarki a makara 80-ies karni na karshe a cikin gida rediyo lantarki da aka kira KR1006VI1.

A samar da wannan daki-daki, da ake amfani a taro kaset din bCR "Elektronika VM-12." Amma ba kawai wani analogue, kamar yadda da yawa masana'antun sun halitta irin wannan na'urar a duniya. All raka'a da obyachny gidaje DIP8, kazalika da kananan SOIC8 gidaje masu girma dabam.

Fasaha halaye na kewaye

Hadakar kewaye 555, mai hoto misali wanda aka bai kasa, hada da 20 transistors. A block zane na'urori masu 3 5kOm resistor tare da juriya. "555" Saboda haka sunan da na'urar.

Babban fasaha halaye na kayayyakin ne:

• 4,5-18V ƙarfin lantarki wadata.
• Matsakaicin halin yanzu bangaren a fitarwa na 200 MA;
• kuzarinsu har zuwa 206 MA.

Idan an dauke a fita, shi ne mai dijital na'urar. Yana iya zama a cikin biyu matsayi - a low (0V) da kuma high (4.5 zuwa 15). A nuna alama iya, dangane da samar da wutar lantarki da kuma isa 18 V.

Menene na'urar?

AG 555 guntu - hadade na'urar da fadi da kewayon aikace-aikace. An sau da yawa amfani a cikin taron jama'ar daban-daban na makirci, kuma shi ne kawai sa da samfurin m. Haka kuma, ta ƙara matakan da mabukaci bukatar. Wannan shahararsa ya sa a farashin drop a kan wani mai židayar lokaci cewa so da yawa Masters.

A ciki tsarin da mai židayar lokaci 555

Me ya sa wannan na'urar zuwa aiki? Kowace daga cikin tashoshi da alaka da naúrar haihuwarka hada da transistors 20, biyu diodes 15 da resistors.

Sau biyu da model format

Ya kamata a lura da cewa NE 555 (guntu) da aka samar a cikin biyu format kira 556. Yana ƙunshi biyu free IC.

Mai ƙidayar lokaci 555 yana 8, alhãli kuwa da model 556 yana 14 lambobi.

Halaye na aiki da na'ura

A guntu 555 yana uku halaye na aiki:

1. Monostable kewaye 555. Yana aiki a matsayin daya-lokaci daya mai gefe. Lokacin aiki na bugun jini na qaddara tsawon aka fitad da a mayar da martani ga wani jawo shigar lokacin da matsi mashiga. Yawan amfanin ƙasa ne a cikin low irin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna jawo. Saboda haka ya ake kira yanayin jiran aiki (monostable). Irin wannan na'ura rike aiki manufa na rashin aiki kafin hada. Mode canza samar da Ms., sauya, touch sauya, da dai sauransu, da kuma mita raba kawuna.
2. M yanayin ne m aiki na na'urar. Yana da damar kewaye zama a cikin janareta yanayin. A irin ƙarfin lantarki a fitarwa ne m: magangara mafi ƙasƙanci, mafi girma. Wannan makirci ne m lokacin da ake bukata tambayar na'urar Firaministan intermittent halitta (for short-rayu sauya sheka a kuma kashe da na'ura). Mode ake amfani da lokacin da ya jagoranci fitilar aka aiki a wani dabaru kewaye, da dai sauransu hours.
3. A bistable yanayin ko Schmitt jawo. A fili yake cewa shi aiki a cikin rashi na jawo tsarin da capacitor yana da biyu barga jihohi, high da kuma low. Magangara mafi ƙasƙanci kudi jawo ke high. By faduwa da low-ƙarfin lantarki tsarin rushes zuwa low jihar. Wannan makirci ne m, a filin wasa na Railway yi.

Karshe da mai židayar lokaci 555

guntu janareta 555 hada da takwas jimloli:

1. Pin 1 (duniya). Yana an haɗa zuwa korau gefe na samar da wutar lantarki (kewaye kowa waya).
2. Fil 2 (jawo). Yana SUPPLiES wani babban ƙarfin lantarki a lokacin (da shi duk ya dogara da ikon da resistor da capacitor). Wannan sanyi shi ne monostable. Fil 2 iko da fitarwa 6. Idan ƙarfin lantarki a biyu low, da fitarwa ne ya zama high. In ba haka ba, a wani babban ƙarfin lantarki ga m 6 da kuma ƙananan m 2, da mai židayar lokaci fitarwa zai zama low.
3. Fil 3 (amfanin ƙasa). Jimloli 3 da kuma 7 ana shirya a lokaci. Ciyar da babban ƙarfin lantarki nuna alama game da 2 V da kuma 0.5 V tare da low za a iya samu har zuwa 200 MA.
4. Fil 4 (Sake saita). Energization na fitarwa ne low, duk da mai židayar lokaci yanayin 555. Domin kaucewa jini, ya kamata a yi don gama wannan fitarwa zuwa tabbatacce gefen a amfani.
5. Fil 5 (Control). Shi ya buɗe damar yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki comparator. Wannan ƙarshe ba tambaya a Rasha lantarki, amma shi za a iya cimma ta haɗa na'urar 555 m management damar.
6. Kammalawa 6 (tasha). Kunshe a cikin comparator 1. Yana gaban m 2, shafi dakatar da na'urar. Wannan ba wani low irin ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan ƙarshe zai ɗauki ba tare da square kalaman.
7. Fil 7 (matakin). Yana an haɗa zuwa tara na transistor T6 da na karshe emitter na rasa. Lokacin da ka bude transistor capacitor da aka dakatar da shi a rufe.
8. Fil 8 (m wutar lantarki gefe), wanda shi ne 4.5 zuwa 18 V.

Fitarwa fitarwa Aikace-aikacen

Fitarwa 3 (fitarwa) zai iya zama a jihohin biyu:

1. Kana a haɗa da dijital fitarwa kai tsaye zuwa shigar da wani direba a kan wani dijital akai. A dijital fitarwa iya sarrafa wasu na'urorin ta hanyar da dama ƙarin aka gyara (da ikon samar da irin ƙarfin lantarki ne 0 V).
2. irin ƙarfin lantarki nuna alama a karo na biyu a jihar ne high (Vcc a kan ikon source).

taro yiwuwa

1. By ragewan da irin ƙarfin lantarki a Output yanzu ne directed ta hanyar da na'ura da kuma daukawa fitar da dangane. Wannan shi ne wani karu, kamar yadda na yanzu samar daga cikin Vcc da ya wuce ta naúrar 0 V.
2. Tare da kara Output halin yanzu wucewa ta hanyar, shi damar hada da na'urar. Wannan tsari iya kira tushen halin yanzu. Da wutar lantarki da ake samarwa a wannan harka ta da mai židayar lokaci, kuma ke ta da kayan aiki zuwa 0 V.

A karuwa kuma yana raguwa iya aiki tare. Kamar wancan cimma alternately juya a kuma kashe da na'urar. Wannan ka'ida ta shafi lokacin da aiki LED fitilu zango da Motors, electromagnets. A disadvantages na irin kaddarorin hada da cewa shi ne dole a haɗa shi da na'urar da Output hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar yadda fitarwa 3 za su iya aiki duka biyu kamar yadda wani mabukaci da kuma matsayin halin yanzu source zuwa 200 MA. Da ikon samar da amfani dozhzhen tambaya isasshen halin yanzu duka biyu na'urorin 555 da kuma saita lokaci.

guntu LM555

A guntu 555 Datasheet (LM555) yana m aiki.

Ana amfani da rectangular bugun jini janareta tare da m wajibi sake zagayowar index da kuma lokacin da bata lokaci gudun ba da sanda da kuma hadadden jeri na PWM janareto. 555 guntu pinout da ciki tsarin ake nuna a cikin adadi.

A matakin na daidaici na na'urorin da ke 1% na lasafta index, wanda shi ne mafi kyau duka. A irin wannan naúrar, duka biyu NE 555 guntu datasheet ba ya shafar da yawan zafin jiki na yanayi yanayi.

Analogs guntu NE555

Chip 555, wanda shi ne wani analogue a Rasha an mai suna KR1006VI1, shi ne wani na game naúrar.

Daga cikin aiki raka'a ya kamata a kasaftawa RS-jefa-Flop (DD1), comparators (DA1 da DA2), da fitarwa amfilifa mataki dangane da tura-Pull tsarin da karin transistor VT3. A Wa'adinku shi ne na karshe lokacin da ka sake saita master capacitor lokacin amfani da naúrar a matsayin janareta. Faduwa jawo faruwa a lokacin da ake ji a dabaru daya (Yupit / Yupit 2 ...) ga bayanai daga R.

Wannan jawo sake saita fitarwa na'urar (fil 3) za a lura da mafi ƙasƙanci ƙarfin lantarki (VT2 transistor bude).

Musamman kewaye 555

Lokacin da aikin zane ne mai wuya a gane na'urar, abin da yake da shi sabon abu. The asali daga cikin na'urar ne cewa shi yana da musamman jawo iko, wato, ya haifar da iko sakonni. Halittarsu auku a comparator DA1 da DA2 (daya daga cikin bayanai da wacce ake kawota wani tunani irin ƙarfin lantarki). Domin samar da iko sakonni ga kunama da shigar da (comparator fitarwa) cewa sami sakonni daga high ƙarfin lantarki.

Yadda za a yi da ƙaddamar da na'urar?

Don fara da mai židayar lokaci, da fitarwa 2 shi wajibi ne don amfani mai ƙarfin lantarki ga index daga 0 to 1/3 Yupit. Wannan alama taimaka wa jawo, da kuma lokacin da fitarwa siginar da aka generated da wani babban ƙarfin lantarki. Shin sama da iyaka darajar ba zai haifar da wani canje-canje a cikin kewaye, tun da tunani irin ƙarfin lantarki ga comparator ne daidai to 1/3 da DA2 Yupit.

Za ka iya dakatar da mai židayar lokaci a lokacin da jawo aka ragu. A saboda wannan dalili, da kayan sarrafawa irin ƙarfin lantarki kamata wuce darajar 6 2/3 Yupit (reference ƙarfin lantarki ga comparator ne 2/3 Yupit DA1). Lokacin da sake saiti alama da za a kafa tare da wani low irin ƙarfin lantarki da dakatar da da capacitor, tuki lokaci.

Iya daidaita da tunani irin ƙarfin lantarki ta haɗa wani ƙarin juriya ko ikon source ga m naúrar.

Preroll injin gwada sauri a 555 guntu

Kwanan nan, a cikin 'yan motocin da shi ya zama gaye to wind up a kan odometer nisan miloli mota wuce.

Mutane da yawa suna sha'awar, wani injin gwada sauri 555 preroll guntu kanka ko m?

Wannan hanya ba ta gabatar da wani musamman matsaloli. Domin da samar da amfani Hadakar kewaye 555, wadda za ta iya aiki a matsayin bugun jini counter. The mutum kewaye aka gyara iya dauka da Manuniya karkacẽwa 10-15% na lasafta dabi'u.