Ƙwarewar Isra'ila: sunan, kalmar. Mene ne sunan 'yan mambobi na Isra'ila?

Kyakkyawan basira ya kasance mahimmanci ga zaman lafiya a jihar. Ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi mafi iko shine haɗin Israila. Ayyukan da suka faru a fadin kasar Isra'ila, sun tilasta masa ya kirkiro cibiyar sadarwa mai karfi. Bari mu ga abin da ake kira sabis na Intanet na Isra'ila, la'akari da tarihin da ayyukan da aka ba shi.

Bayanin Halittar Ma'aikata na Intelligence

Tunanin Islama a wasu hanyoyi sun wanzu tun kafin fitowar jihar ta Isra'ila. Tun farkon 1929, an kafa wata kungiya ta musamman don tabbatar da lafiyar Yahudawa da suke zaune a Falasdinu, daga hare-hare Larabawa, da kuma samar da hanyoyi don gudun hijira na Isra'ila. An kira wannan sabis "Shai". Ta kuma tara ma'aikata a cikin Larabawa.

Tuni bayan da Israila ta sami asalin jihar a shekarar 1948, akwai wasu kungiyoyi na musamman kamar AMAN da Shabak, wadanda ke karkashin jagorancin ofishin tsaro. Bugu da ƙari, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Harkokin Waje na da ƙungiyarta tare da ayyuka na ilimi - Gudanar da siyasa.

Duk da haka, ƙungiyar dukan waɗannan sassan ya bar abin da ake so. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sun yi gasa da juna, sau da yawa sun yi aiki da rashin daidaito, wanda ya cutar da jihar. Sa'an nan kuma gwamnatin Isra'ila ta fara tunani game da samar da wani bayani na sirri a kan samfurin Amurka.

Masallacin Mossad

Masanin zamanin zamani ana kiransu Mossad. Ayyukan da aka ambata a sama sunyi aiki a matsayin dalilin dashi. Massalar Isra'ila "Mossad" an shirya a watan Afrilu 1951. A lokacin da aka kafa shi, Firayim Ministan Isra'ila David Ben-Gurion ya shiga cikin aikin.

An kafa Mossad ta hanyar haɗin cibiyar Intelligence da Cibiyar Tsaro da Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta tsakiya. Babban darekta na sabuwar kungiyar shine Reuven Shiloah, wanda ake kira Mr Intelligence, wanda ya mika kansa ga Ben-Gurion.

Shekaru na farko na rayuwa

Tabbas, ba nan da nan sai 'yan Israila "Mossad" ya mallaki iko na duniya ba, ba duk lokacin da aka juya ba. Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan haka ne ya iya juya wannan ƙungiya a cikin hanyar da ke da kyau. Da farko dai, Mossad ba shi da aikin kansa, sabili da haka, har zuwa 1957, wajibi ne don jawo hankulan ma'aikatan daga wasu ayyukan musamman na Isra'ila.

A shekarar 1952, Reuven Shiloah, yana ganin cewa aikin ya wuce ikonsa, ya yi murabus. Ofishin Intanet na Isra'ila ya karbi sabon babi - Iser Harel. Bugu da ƙari, ya lura da wasu kungiyoyi na musamman. Yana da shi, a gaskiya, ƙimar basirar da aka samar da wata mahimmanci daga tsarin Mossad. Ba abin mamaki ba. D. Ben-Gurion ya ba wa Harel laƙabi Memune, wanda ya fassara daga Ibrananci "Matsayi." Kuma Isser Harel ya matso kusa da ƙungiyar sabis na basira tare da dukan alhakin. Shi ne wanda ya fara yin amfani da shi ga ilimin Isra'ila. Sunan lokacin lokacin da Harel ya tsaya a gwargwadon ayyukan musamman, yana kama da lokacin Memune.

Lokacin gyarawa

Isser Harel ya samar da ilimin Isra'ila na zamani, amma a farkon shekarun 60 na karni na karshe yana da mummunar rikici tare da firaministan kasar David Ben-Gurion, wanda aka lakafta shi don idon ayyukan musamman na Tsohon Man. A sakamakon wannan rikici, Memune ya yi murabus. Sabuwar shugaban Mossad shi ne tsohon darektan sojan soja Meir Amit, wanda a wannan lokacin yana da matsayin manyan manyan.

Isser Harel ya kirkiro wani tsari mai mahimmanci, amma sababbin hanyoyin da ake buƙatar gyarawa a cikinta. Musamman ma, ɗayan manyan ayyuka shine gabatarwa da kwamfuta da ingantawa da ma'aikatan Mossad. Wajibi ne Meir Amit ya warware matsalolin wannan lamari, kuma ya damu sosai da ayyukan da aka tsara. Da farko dai, Amit ya umarci sakin wadanda ba su bi ka'idoji ba. Ya ƙaddamar da sababbin hanyoyin zuwa tsarin tsare-tsare da kuma gabatar da amfani da sababbin fasahohin zamani.

Abin yabo "Mossad" shi ne cewa kafin shida Day War, gwamnatin Isra'ila da aka sanar wa dukan zama dole bayani game da abokan gaba, kuma kamar yadda sakamakon haka, shi ne in mun gwada da sauki lashe Arab da sojojin taron dangi outnumber Isra'ila.

Amma duk abin da komai ba zai iya zama santsi ba, kuma sabis na leken asirin Israila ba banda. Akwai matsala da kuma jerin labarun da suka fi girma, wanda ya fi sananne a cikin 1965, lokacin da Mossad ya sace da kuma kashe dan takarar adawa na Moroccan Ben-Barca. Wannan taron ya jawo fushin shugaban kasar Faransa Charles de Gaulle. Wannan abin kunya ya yi aiki da Firayim Minista Lev Eshkol a matsayin wata matsala don yin harbe-harben Meir Amit a shekarar 1968. Ko da yake a gaskiya ainihin dalili shi ne Eshkol sha'awar ganin a helm na ayyuka na musamman mutum wanda zai iya sarrafa.

Ƙarin tarihin Mossad

Zvi Zamir ya zama sabon shugaban Mossad. A baya can, ayyukan da hukumomin kula da hankali na Isra'ila suka yi wa jihohin da aka ba da shi ga hatsarin soja, amma a halin yanzu, ilimin Isra'ila ya mayar da hankali ga magance kungiyoyi masu ta'addanci da suke tsara hare-haren ta'addanci da Isra'ila. Wannan batu ya zama musamman a gaggawa bayan harin ta'addanci a 1972 Olympics a Munich.

Wannan yunkuri da yawa akan yaki da ta'addanci ya sa gwamnatin Isra'ila ta kasance ba a shirye ba don farkon yakin Oktoba tare da hadin kan Larabawa a 1973. Ko da yake a karshen Isra'ila ta lashe, shi ya ba shi babban hasara na manpower. Wannan gazawar shine ainihin dalilin dalili na shugaban Mossad. An nada sabon darektan Yitzhak Hofi. Ya ba da hankali sosai ga ƙunshi shirin nukiliya na Iraqi, wanda ya samu nasara tare da shi. Amma Hofi ya yi fushi sosai, kuma a 1982 ya yi murabus.

A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, an nada shugabannin Mossad Nahum Admoni, Shabtai Shavit, Dani Yatom, Efraim Halevy. Aikin da ya fi nasara a wannan lokacin shi ne cire a shekara ta 1988 da daya daga cikin shugabannin Fatah Abu Jihad. Amma wannan lokacin yana da ƙididdigar yawa. Wannan abu ya raunana sunan da ake yi a cikin Mossad.

Yanayin zamani a ayyukan Mossad

A 2002, shugaban Mossad shine Meir Dogan. Ya fara sabon tsarin gyara na kungiyar. A cewarsa, Mossad dole ne ya gudanar da wasu ayyuka na musamman don magance ta'addanci, kuma kada a bijiro da ayyukan ma'aikatar harkokin waje. A karkashin shugabancin Dogan aka gudanar da wani yawan nasara ayyukan don halakar da shugabannin kungiyoyin ta'adda.

A shekarar 2011, firaministan kasar Netanyahu ya yanke shawarar maye gurbin shugaban Mossad. Tamir Pardo ya zama sabon shugaban kungiyar. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da jagorantar "Mossad" a tashar da magajinsa ya kafa, ko da yake a lokacin jagorancin Pardo, manyan halayen ma'aikata sun faru.

Sunan da motto na Mossad

Mutane da yawa suna sha'awar tambayar dalilin da ya sa aka kira 'yan Isra'ila "Mossad." Wannan ba raguwa bane, amma ragewar cikakken suna, wanda a Ibraniyanci kamar sa-Mossad le-modin u-l-tafkidim meyuhadim, wanda ke fassara a matsayin "Intelligence and Office Special". Saboda haka, fassarar ma'anar kalmar "Mossad" - "Ofishin".

Maganar Massa'ida ta Islama ta Israila ita ce wani daga cikin misalai na Sulemanu: "Tare da rashin kulawa, mutane sun fada, tare da masu shawarwari masu yawa sunyi nasara". Wannan ma'anar yana nufin cewa sanarwar shine maɓallin hanyar ci gaba da cin nasara a jihar. Yana da wani ƙoƙari na jaddada rashin amincin al'amuran zamani na Isra'ila tare da mulkin Yahudawa na dā.

Ayyuka da tsarin tsarin kungiyar Mossad

Makasudin manufofin Mossad shine tattara bayanai a ƙasashen waje ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa, bincika bayanan tattarawa da kuma gudanar da ayyukan musamman a ƙasashen waje.

Shugaban kungiyar "Mossad" shi ne darektan, wanda ke karkashin jagorancin shugabannin sassa guda goma, shugabannin manyan ayyuka na wannan sabis na musamman.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa, duk da takamaiman ayyukansa, Mossad wata kungiya ce ta gwamnati, kuma ba tsarin soja ba. Sabili da haka, a cikin wannan sabis na sirri babu sojojin soja. A daidai wannan lokaci, ya kamata a bayyana cewa yawancin mutane, daga jagoranci da kuma daga mabiya addinin Mossad, suna da babbar kwarewar soja.

Hanannun ayyukan

Ƙungiyar "Mossad" don dukan tarihin wanzuwarsa ya aiwatar da wani babban aiki na musamman.

A farko aiki, wanda ya karbi dukan duniya daraja, ya sace a shekarar 1960 na Nazi yaki laifi Adolfa Eyhmana daga Argentina, da ake zargi da kisan kare dangin da Yahudawa a lokacin yakin duniya na II. Ba da daɗewa ba a yanke wa mai laifi hukuncin kisa a Isra'ila kuma aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa. Mossad ya tabbatar da jagorancin yadda aka kama shi.

Maganar ita ce aiki na 1962-1963 "Abokiyar Damocles", wanda shine ainihin kawar da masana kimiyya da ke tattare da ci gaba da makamai masu linzami a kasar Masar.

Bayan harin ta'addanci a gasar Olympics a Munich daga 1972 zuwa 1992, Mossad ya gudanar da abubuwa masu yawa, codenamed "fushin Allah", da nufin kawar da mambobin kungiyar ta'addanci "Black Satumba" wanda ya shafi mutuwar 'yan wasan Isra'ila.

A shekarar 1973, Beirut Lebanon ta gudanar da wani shiri mai mahimmanci mai suna "Spring of Youth", a lokacin da aka kashe kimanin hamsin wakilan kungiyoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi Larabawa a hedkwatar PLO. Asarar da aka yi a tsakanin sojojin Isra'ila musamman sun kasance kawai mutane biyu.

Aikin karshe na karshe da aka danganta da Mossad shine kawar da shi a shekarar 2010 a UAE na daya daga cikin shugabannin kungiyar Hamas extremist Mahmud al-Mambhukh. Duk da haka, babu tabbacin tabbatarwa game da sanya hannu na musamman na Isra'ila a wannan taron.

Ƙungiyoyin tunaninsu

Amma Mossad har yanzu ba kawai kungiyar Israila ce da take cikin ayyukan bincike ba. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a shekara ta 1948 an kafa aikin musamman na "Shabak", babban aikin shi ne inganci da kuma tabbatar da tsaron cikin gida na Isra'ila. Wannan ƙungiya ta wanzu a zamaninmu.

Bugu da ƙari, har zuwa yanzu, wata ƙungiya ta hankali ta tsira, an kafa shi a cikin 1948. Wannan shine AMAN, makasudin sa hankali ne na soja. Saboda haka, Mossad, Shabak da AMAN su ne manyan tsare-tsare mafi girma a Isra'ila.

Sabis na musamman "Nativ"

A lokacin tsakanin 1937 da 1939 an halicci wani sabis na musamman a ƙarƙashin sunan mai suna "Mossad le-Aliya Bet". Babban manufarsa ita ce ta sauƙaƙe da shige da fice na wakilai na al'ummar Yahudawa zuwa ƙasashen Falasdinu, wanda a lokacin, a ƙarƙashin ikon Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, gwamnatin Birtaniya ta gudanar.

Tuni bayan da aka kafa jihar Isra'ila, an rushe Mossad le-Alia Bet a shekara ta 1951 kuma ya zama sabon kungiyar da ake kira "Nativ". Ta yi ayyuka na musamman. Tunanin Islama na "Nativ" ne na musamman a tabbatar da haƙƙin sake dawo da Yahudawa daga kungiyar ta USSR, wanda shige da fice zuwa Isra'ila yana da muhimmanci sosai. An aiwatar da wannan manufa ta hanyar matsalolin siyasar jagorancin kungiyar. Ayyukan sabis na musamman "Nativ" sun hada da goyon baya da dangantaka tare da wakilan Yahudawa waɗanda suka zauna a cikin USSR da wasu jihohin Soviet.

Bayan faduwar rukunin Soviet da kuma rushewar mulkin gurguzu, babu wani shiri na irin wannan kungiya. "Nativ" ya rasa matsayi na musamman na sabis kuma a halin yanzu halin da ake ciki kawai a riƙe dangantaka tare da Yahudawa na CIS da Baltic jihohi. Rage kudi ya rage muhimmanci. Wasu masana sun bayyana cewa akwai bukatar buƙatar sakacin wannan kungiyar saboda rashin amfani.

Maganin amsawa

Kodayake, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Nativ, a matsayin sabis na basira, ya rasa muhimmancin bayan faduwar Rundunar Harkokin Jakadanci, amma duk da haka mutanen da suka yi aiki a ciki suna da iko mai girma. Wannan mutumin shi ne tsohon shugaban Isra'ila mai suna Yakov Kedmi (haife shi Yakov Kazakov), daga 1992 zuwa 1999, shi ne shugaban kungiyar "Nativ". A lokacin da ya yi ritaya, amma yana aiki a matsayin gwani na siyasa kan gidan talabijin na Isra'ila.

Mafi mahimmanci shine maganganun wannan mutumin, wanda ƙwararrun Isra'ila za ta iya yin girman kai, game da Putin da Poroshenko. A farkon spring of 2014, Kedmi ya sanar da cewa tsohon zai yi wani abu don samun iko akan Ukraine, yayin da Ukraine ta shiga cikin NATO ta kai tsaye kan barazana ta Rasha. Ba da daɗewa ba, tsohon masanin bayanan ya soki gwamnatinsa don baiwa Poroshenko ziyara a Isra'ila. Game da shugaban kasar Ukraine, maganganunsa sun fi dacewa. A cikin tsawatawa Petro Poroshenko, Kedmi ya tabbatar da cewa yana taimakawa wajen gina St Stephan Bandera, wani mutum da ke tare da kisan gillar Yahudawa, a matsayin dan jarida na kasar Ukraine.

Babban Yanayin Harkokin Siyasa na Isra'ila

Ayyukan leken asirin Israila na da dadewa kuma ya cancanta ya zama matsayin daya daga cikin mafi sana'a a duniya. Idan a baya an dauki shi a matsayin misali na takwarorin Birtaniya da Amurka, yanzu wakilan sauran ƙasashe suna shan misalin daga Mossad, Shabaka da sauran kungiyoyin na musamman na Isra'ila.

Umurni mafi kyau a duniya, kamar yadda mambobi na Isra'ila suka kira, sun dace da duk wani barazanar da suke ciki har ma lokacin da ba ta da lokaci don samo wata takarda. Ta hanyar ayyukan basira ne Isra'ila - wata ƙasa wadda take a cikin makomar abokan gaba - ba wai kawai ya wanzu ba, amma har ila yau yana cike da wadata a tattalin arziki a Gabas ta Tsakiya.