Zaruruwa sanya na polyester. Production na polyester zaruruwa

Chemical samar - manyan tushen mutum dũkiya. Bayan duk, kome daga gidan abubuwa to tufafinsa, ya yi da kuma samar a kan tushen da kimiyya.

A musamman rawar da daban-daban sinadaran zaruruwa, wanda sami aikace-aikace a yawa ta fannonin kimiyya, fasaha da masana'antu.

Nau'in sinadaran zaruruwa

Duk mutumin da aka yi da zaruruwa za a iya raba biyu manyan kungiyoyin.

1. Wucin gadi - su ne wadanda wanda da su ne bisa halitta polymer, amma tarbiyyar da kuma gyare-gyaren kai tsaye filaments na faruwa a tare da sa hannu na physicochemical hanyoyin.
2. Roba - zaruruwa waxanda suke tsaye a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje (m) yanayi. Suna dogara ne a kan saba low kwayoyin nauyi mahadi da cewa ana tuba a cikin macromolecules da Polymerization halayen.

Bi da bi, wucin gadi da kuma roba zaruruwa ma suna da rarrabuwa da kuma misalai. Ka yi la'akari da daya ga roba samfurori.

Su za a iya raba biyu manyan kungiyoyin. Muhimmi tsarin da carbon sarkar, da kuma hanyoyin da kafa dangantaka.

1. Carbochain roba zaruruwa. Babban sarkar da aka gina tsananin carbon atoms, juna ta al'ada sigma-type shaidu. quite babban yawan samfurori za a iya dangana ga wannan kungiya. Alal misali, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, propylene, polyvinyl barasa.
2. Heterochain roba zaruruwa. Halin da suka hada da carbon a macrochain heteroatoms - nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus da sauransu. Wannan kungiyar hada da irin zaruruwa: polyester, polyurethane, polyamide.

Idan muka yi magana game da yin amfani da shi a cikin yadi masana'antu, da darajar da aka bayyana da wakilan daban-daban. Saboda haka, wucin gadi fiber ne yafi m ga tufafi, gado lilin, tawul din da sauran iyali lilin abubuwa. Ko da yake akwai ban, lokacin da irin wannan masana'anta da ake amfani a cikin art.

Roba sinadaran zaruruwa, a daya hannun, fiye da dacewa a yi, aikin injiniya, masana'antu, maimakon a gida. A kusa look at daidai polyester filament yadudduka daga gare su, kuma aikace-aikace.

Zaruruwa sanya na polyester: wani janar Siffar

Daga cikin sinadaran ra'ayi, wannan samfurin - wannan shi ne sakamakon hulda da terephthalic acid C ₈ H ₆ Yã ₄ da kuma ethylene glycol, a dihydric barasa C ₂ H ₆ Yã _2. A sakamakon haka, wani hadadden Polymerization dauki Forms share ko fari lu'ulu'u, yana da wani muhimmanci dukiya - danko. Don yin haka na da zafi. Yana da a wannan musamman shirye-shiryen da aka tushen zaruruwa kai tsaye daga abu.

Da narkewa zafin jiki na wadannan kayan sama 260 ⁰ C. Wannan ya sa su sosai sauki don amfani ga masana'antu dalilai. Akwai da dama na musamman Properties mallaki by irin zaruruwa.

1. Roba polyester yarns iya tsayayya da mafita na acid, alkalis.
2. Yana ba narke a cikin ruwa, mai kaushi, Organic yanayi.
3. Shin wani insulator, shi ne kusan ba gudanar da wutar lantarki.
4. Products sanya su karfi, sosai m da kuma abin dogara.

Kasancewa gaba daya roba a cikin yanayi, wadannan yarns ne m, a mutunta mutane da yawa ga fasaha da kuma yadi halaye na da yawa mutum ya zaruruwa.

samar da hanyoyin

A cewar ta gabatar bayanin da ya kamata a polyester masana'antu terephthalic acid. Duk da haka, ta jiki Properties da ɗan m for jitu da kuma m Polymerization dauki tare da ethylene glycol, don haka ne ba a yi amfani da m tsari, kamar yadda wani ester. Its sunan - dimethyl terephthalic acid ester na da wannan sunan, da rage tsawon as DMT.

Saboda haka, yi na polyester fiber aka hada da dama a jere da sinadaran matakai:

• hadawan abu da iskar shaka na cakuda esters na para-xylene, Ina nufin shiri na fara kayan.
• esterification, watau samar da ester DMT.
• Barasan da tsarkakewa daga cikin sakamakon samfurin.
• DMT recrystallization to samu tsarki abu.

Shirya bisa ga wannan makirci abu a shirye domin shigarwa a cikin gaba sake zagayowar daga halayen da haifar da zama polyester (polyester). Yana faruwa a biyu main saukarwa.

1. Transesterification samu DMT da ethylene glycol. Result - diglycol da low kwayoyin nauyi polyesters.
2. Polycondensation samu a mataki na farko shi ne tsakanin kayayyakin. A sakamakon haka ne danko sosai polietilentereftalatat.

Yanzu shi ne har zuwa fasaha gefe. The abu ne, sun shige ta musamman kananan spinneret prodavlivaya kamar, kuma haka shirye zaruruwa. A sanyaya suka crystallize. Kara aiki da aka ja daga, tsarkakewa da kuma canza launi.

material sunan

Qasashe daban-daban suna samar da wadannan zaruruwa suna amfani. Polyester roba zaruruwa a kowace jiha ta samu sunan, saboda haka da yawa ma'ana. Bari mu ga abin da suke su ne.

1. A Rasha - polyester, polyether, polyester.
2. A Amirka - Dacron.
3. United Kingdom - Terylene.
4. Japan - teteron.
5. France - tergalii.

Duk da haka, kamar yadda suka ba da ake kira, kuma da kaddarorin zama guda da kuma aikace-aikace ma.

Polyester abu: Properties

Daga cikin babban tabbatacce al'amari na Dacron kamata hada da irin wannan fasali kamar:

• bad creasing.
• wuta juriya;
• haske da juriya;
• karko.
• karfin da softness, smoothness.
• juriya ga mafi kwayoyin kaushi, kazalika acid da kuma alkalis.
• rashin abrasion.
• masana'anta ba ya goyon bayan ci gaban rayayyun kwayoyin halitta (fungi, mites, kwayoyin, da dai sauransu).
• tasiri da juriya;
• juriya ga mikewa.

Hakika, wani sa na m yi ba zai iya je kada a gane. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa aikace-aikace na kayayyakin daga polyester ne sosai m, rufe mafi sassa na tattalin arziki.

Duk da haka, akwai drawbacks. Wadannan maki ya kamata a dangana a gare shi:

• Yana da wuya a launi, haka arziki da kuma haske launuka a cikin wadannan tsokoki ba ya faruwa.
• sosai wutan lantarki, kamar yadda dielectrics kansu.
• idan ka dauki real, ba sarrafa ta musamman hanyoyin da polyester, shi zai zama m isasshen kayan.

All jera disadvantages an shafe ta sauƙi tarawa na wasu abubuwa a samar da tsari na zare. Saboda haka, gwaji darajar, ba su yi.

m zaruruwa

Wannan irin polyester yarn da matukar muhimmanci a cikin shiri da aikin injiniya da kuma ake amfani da can. Ko da yake akwai ban. Alal misali, kamar hollofayber suka sami mafaka a cikin yadi masana'antu.

The m zaruruwa ana amfani da masana'antu:

• fiberglass.
• kayan gini.
• thermal rufi na abubuwa.
• rediyo kayayyakin.

Suna amfani da tace a ruwa mai guba da magani. Hollofayber saboda da halaye a general sun dogon ƙwace halitta gashin tsuntsu da kuma saukar da yadi masana'antu. Ya zama babban irin filler filõli, bargo, tufafi da sauran abubuwa.

Ball siliconized zaruruwa

Wannan shi ne asali samfurin domin yi na fi taushi, Eco-friendly da kuma wadanda ba allergenic kwanciya. Irin wannan zaruruwa aka yi amfani a matsayin fillers for quilts da matasan kai.

Me amfani da su? Wannan shi ne saboda kyau kwarai fasaha halaye.

1. Kada sha danshi.
2. Juriya da na roba.
3. Amenable ga na'ura wanka, sauki da kuma sauki don kula da amfani da shi.
4. Bã su da wani wari.
5. Kada sa allergies.
6. Su ne ba makawa ga ci gaban da kwayoyin.

Duk wannan yana ba da towball polyester fiber a matsayin filler furniture, kwanciya da kuma tufafi bayyananne amfani a kan halitta halitta "takwarorinsu": saukar, gashin tsuntsu.

A hasara ne da gajeriyar rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da na halitta kayan. Duk da haka, da kudin da wannan kayayyakin a cikin tsari da ke ƙasa.

matsakaitan fiber

Daga cikin polyester zaruruwa bautar wani wuri na musamman da irin wannan bambancin daga gare ta, kamar yadda wani matsakaitan yarn. Shi ne su shuka samar da roba zaruruwa zuwa mafi girma har fiye da wasu. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa irin wannan samfurin da aka yi amfani da domin yin da yarn kanta, sa'an nan littattafai na tufafi, Textiles da sauransu.

Sau da yawa da shi ya kira matsakaitan zaruruwa kafa daga jitu hade da ulu ko auduga-polyester. Wannan symbiosis sa ya yiwu a sami wadannan iri na kayan:

• kaya;
• gashi;
• yadin da aka saka.
• na shirts.
• shãmaki.
• dress.
• ji.
• kafet.
• Jawo.

Babu shakka, wasu kayayyakin da za a iya sewn da kuma sanya irin wannan gyara.

Fasaha yarn na polyester

Wadannan zaruruwa ake amfani da su yi da wadannan nau'o'in kayayyakin:

• kama kifi da raga da trawls.
• igiyoyi da igiyoyi.
• hoses for man fetur kayayyakin.
• zane.
• na'ura mai bel.
• bel da drive belts.
• taya igiyar.
• thermal rufi da kuma tacewa kayan.

Irin wannan yarns za a iya dangana tattauna a sama m fiber.

Production na polyester kayan

Abin da sauran kayayyakin da za a iya sanya daga polyester? A muhimmanci na musamman na irin wannan kayan, wanda ake amfani da matsayin filler, mun riga aka bayyana a sama. Kamar so ka ƙara da cewa hollofayber samar da wani mai taushi da kuma dadi matashin kai da kuma wani dumi da kuma haske bargo. Polyester fiber a cikin yadi kasuwanci ne kawai irreplaceable kuma a kowace shekara a kan darajar mafi girma da kuma mafi girma da yistin.

Har ila yau, amfani da polyester ga wadannan iri yadudduka :

• taffeta.
• crepe.
• knitwear.
• crimplene.
• Mel.

Na su sanya tufafi, tulle da labule, na wasan kwaikwayo halayen da sauransu.

Wani irin m adam aiki, wanda ake amfani da polyester - shi ne tiyata. Medicine dauke da yiwuwar samar da wucin gadi jini da kuma m filament na polyester. Wannan, ba shakka, facilitates da yawa rai ceton ayyukan.

Sharhi kan kayayyakin da wannan fiber

Ganin cewa, ban da m halaye, polyester-tushen kayan har yanzu suna da disadvantages, ba dukkan mutane gamsu da kayayyakin. Idan ya zo ga gini aikace-aikace, ba za a yi shawarwari: Dacron - shugaba. Duk da haka, da yake magana da yadi da samfurori da kuma tufafi, ya kamata a lura da bambance-bambance. Korau views kuma consistently yi na'am da polyester fiber. Reviews wannan irin su ne bisa shortcomings na nama da kanta - wutan lantarki da kuma iyakance rayuwa.

Duk da haka, mafi yawan mutane sukan yi zaton na polyester daya daga cikin mafi dadi, kyau da kuma high quality-zamani da kayayyakin. Saboda haka, tufafi, iyali abubuwa da kwanciya sanya daga wadannan kayan kawai zama popular a tsawon shekaru.

Idan ka duba a sake dubawa na matasan kai da kuma bargo, a kan tushen da polyester, mafi yawan su zai kasance har yanzu tabbatacce, wanda shi ne quite wajaba a kansa kuma adalci.