Yankan Tower a Baku

Mutane da yawa jan hankali dake a cikin zamanin da babban birnin kasar na Azerbaijan, Baku. Yankan Tower, hotuna na wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin - daya daga cikin mafi m da grandiose. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu sani kwanan wata na yi na wannan makaman, kuma ba ta da ainihin manufar. Yankan Tower rike ta asĩri. A wasu daga cikinsu za ku koya daga wannan labarin.

Bayyanar hasumiyar

A musamman gine-gine da bayyanar da Yankan ta Tower har yanzu ya nuna mutane da tsõro. Yana yakan a jihar bakin teku na Icheri Sheher (Old City) kuma an dauki daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwa na seaside "facade" na birnin Baku. M tsararru tsarin located a kan wani dutse, wuraren sahu ashlar da hananna da semicircular tsinkaya mafitar daga kasa zuwa saman. A gabas na Yankan ta Tower yana da wani protrusion wanda nufi rage wani asiri. Wannan kashi iya zama wani mashigi, babu buttresses ko "spur", nuna core dutse. Yana nufin na kare tsire-tsire, za a iya located a saman da hasumiya, da yanayin da gine wanda bai kai mu kwana. Kuma musamman surface halitta na jiki kafa ta Ribbed alternating recessed da doguwar layuka na masonry.

A ciki sarari tridtsatimetrovoy hasumiya cupolas lebur dutse ne zuwa kashi takwas da tiers na juna karkace staircases. Ginin zai iya zama har zuwa ɗari biyu da mazaunanta. Ruwa za a iya dauka daga cikin rijiya mai zurfi. A kauri daga cikin ganuwar da hasumiya a gindi - mita biyar, a saman - hudu mita. Domin ta size wuce dutse colossus Apsheron gidãje, da bango kauri daga wanda yake shi ne kawai mita biyu.

Kwanan wata na erection

Masana kimiyya suna har yanzu jayayya game da lokacin da Yankan ta Tower da aka gina. Don dama na mashigin dutse farantin, wanda aka niƙe Kufic rubutu: "Gubba (cupola baka) Masuda Dawood bin". Bisa ga yanayin rubuta wadannan kalmomi (rubutun Larabci), gina hasumiyar na dogon lokaci, da aka kwanan rana zuwa 12th karni. Duk da haka, masana kimiyya daga baya shopped tasirin hankali. Da fari dai, kalmar "Gubba", wani lokacin fassara a matsayin "sararin", sau da yawa aka amfani a tsakiyar zamanai don jana'izar Musulmi farantin da ya tashi rai hau kai tsaye ga Allah. Inda garu na dutse colossus yanki tombstones? Abu na biyu, wani bayani wanda farantin ginu ne, ba a yi amfani da lokacin da gina hasumiyar. Sai dai itace cewa da rubutu bayyana a cikin ginin da hatsari, lokacin gyara, a lokacin da cikin sauri tare da taimakon duwatsu aka hatimce wasu lalacewa a cikin ganuwar. Watakila wannan wuri ya madauki-rami ko square akwatin. Saboda haka, an gano cewa, da gina hasumiya Yankan Baku faru a matakai biyu. A farko da dangantaka da jahiliyya, na biyu - 12th karni.

labarin

A daban-daban sau daban-daban aikace-aikace da aka ga Yankan Tower. A 12th karni shi ne wani impregnable sansanin soja na Shirvanshahs, babban karfi na tsaro tsarin na Baku. A 18-19 ƙarni tsarin da aka yi amfani da matsayin hasumiya mai fitila, wanda ya fara aiki a shekarar 1958, a ranar 13 ga watan Yuni. A 1907 da hasumiya mai fitila aka koma daga saman gine-gine a tsibirin Nargin kamar yadda haske ya fara ci da fitilu na birnin da dare.

Yankan Tower da aka akai-akai hõre sabuntawa. A cikin karni na 19th, a lokacin da gyara daga ta saman hakora da aka cire (machicolations) don tsaron gida. A karshe maido da tsarin da aka za'ayi a shekarar 1960, da kuma shekara hudu baya hasumiyar zama gidan kayan gargajiya. A shekarar 2000, wannan musamman tarihi abin tunawa zama wani Duniya Heritage Site ta UNESCO.

A sansanin soja, wani hasumiya mai fitila ko mai ibada?

Balanci zato game da tsaron gida aiki Yankan Tower, masu bincike da aka karyata. A yi ne kawai ba su dace domin yaki - ko dai ta hanyar wuri, ko dai a tsari ko da ciki makanikai. Da fari dai, a cikin hasumiya 'yan windows, wanda aka located tare da tsani manyan sama da kuma ba zuwa ƙasa daidaitacce da kuma sama. Abu na biyu, a kan rufin gine-gine, saboda da kananan size, ba shi yiwuwa su sanya wani makami. Uku, da Yankan ta Tower bai yi wani m dangane tsakanin tiers. A farko bene da aka danganta su da sauran lokaci da mataki, wanda a wani lokacin da za a iya cire shi ba.

Bugu da kari ga ta musamman gine-gine, da Yankan Tower ne mai ban mamaki ... ta sooty. Bugu da ƙari, toka ne ba uniform a kan tsarin da Layer, kuma aka sarrafa a kusa da bakwai hawa hasumiyar (inda hasken jiniyoyi) da kuma a saman. Kamar yadda tarihi kafofin: "bakwai inextinguishable gobara da kona a saman" (Mũsã Horessky, 5 a.), Da kowane matakin na hasken launi daban-daban. Abin da ke faruwa a ciki da m hasumiyar?

Akwai jita-jitar cewa cikin Yankan Tower - zamanin d hasumiya mai fitila. Amma me ya sa gina irin wannan babban gini, kuma ka tsarkake shi zuwa bakwai matakan, alhãli kuwa kururuta ha ~ akar isasshen jiniyoyi a saman? A kwanan nan more sau, da kuma yi aka yi amfani a matsayin Shiriya, kuma kamar yadda mai hasumiya, amma da ainihin manufar domin babu wanda ya gano. A mafi m wani zaɓi - addini. A sosai sunan hasumiyar - "Kamfanin GIZ Galasi" - za a iya fassara a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. The kalmar "gala", ko "Kala", yana a cikin zamani Turkic mutane zuwa "hasumiya" ko "castle", a zamanin da ya kasance na wani daban-daban ma'anar. "Kala" - wani wuri inda wuta da aka kona al'ada.

Me ake hasumiyar kira "na farko"?

A cikin duniya da mai yawa shigarwa kira "Yankan Tower". Istanbul, Crimea, Tallinn, Belgorod-Dnevstrosky fariya hasumiyai tare da wannan sunan. Da cewa duk wadannan kufaifan aka gina a cikin sau na ciki tsakiyar zamanai, a lokacin da babu wanda ya taba yi nasara da hasumiyar da aka dauke "budurwa", da cewa ba a ziyarci kowa hannuwanku. A fili, da sunan Baku hasumiya da aka a tsakiyar zamanai, a lokacin da Turai al'adar fara shiga cikin gabashin tunani jama'a na Azerbaijan.

Legend na Baku Maiden

Akwai da yawa tsoho labaru da alaka da sunan "Yankan Tower". Legend na Baku Virgin ya ce a pre-Islamic sau wani Khan, wanda ya yi mulki a cikin wadanda sassa, da ya so ya aure 'yarsa, wanda ya tunatar da shi na untimely marigayin ƙaunataccen matarsa. Ya samu albarkar gumakansu, gina a cikin girmamawa ga amarya ta grand hasumiya a saman wani dutse da kuma shirye su fara conjugal aikinsu. Duk da haka, da yarinya tsayayya da nufinsa na uba da kuma ƙi a karshe lokacin tsalle daga hasumiya zuwa da haukan teku. Kalaman kama ta m jiki da kuma buga da kankara. Tun daga nan, wani babban dutse colossus daukawa da sunan "Yankan". Idan muka juya zuwa real tarihi facts, shi ne zai yiwu a sami wani kai tsaye ba tabbaci na abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana a cikin labari. A 439-457 AD. e. Sassanid m Iezdigerd gaske farfado da tsoho Zoroastrian hadisin, bisa ga abin da 'yan'uwa da aka yarda su aure da' yan'uwanku mãtã, da ubanninmu - da 'ya'ya mata. A cikin sama da labaru za a iya samu amo mara sa a Sabani tare da wannan Jihar harkokin.

Legend of matasa warrior

Wani labari na Yankan ta Tower daukan mu a zamanin da, a lokacin da birnin Baku aka mai suna "Bhagwan", da mazaunanta yi ĩmãni da Zoroastrian bautãwa Ahura Mazda. A birni mai tsarki na watanni uku a karkashin kewaye, da kuma gida high-firist ya bayyana cewa makiya za su hallaka ta hannun m budurwai. Da safe a saman wani tsoho haikali (Yankan Tower) da babban rashin tsoro warrior tare da takobi mai harshen wuta a hannunsa. Yana tashi high da kuma buga makiya kwamandan - Nur-Eddin Shah - dama a cikin zuciya. Duk da haka, ta nan da nan ya fadi cikin soyayya tare da shi sun kashe wani matashi da kuma kyau matasa. Iya yin tsayayya da baƙin ciki, Maid wuka da kansa da takobi, da ya rasu, da kuma ta zuciya koma zuwa cikin haikali. Bakwai kwana da dare hurawa m iskõki - Gilavar da Xazri. Su sõmammu alfarma gobara a Haikali. Amma a cikin bakwai farsangs Wuri Mai Tsarki una a wani sabon harshen wuta. Tun daga nan, a cikin kowa haikali sanaki ran matasa warrior. Wani lokacin ta ya fita da mafaka, tashi zuwa teku a search na wani ƙaunar daya da kuma fushi banza kokarin, kiwata sharrin iskõki cewa ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani hadari.

Sha'awa, wannan labari kuma shi ne a karkashin wani real faru a tarihi. A lokacin da kewaye da birnin Nur-Eddin Shah (7-6 cc. BC. E.) Akwai wani karfi da bala'in girgizar kasa a gundumar Baku. ƙasa kawar da kai ga cewa da gas ( "alfarma gobara") ya fara surface a kauyen Suratu-Hana ( "bakwai farsangs" da gine-gine "Yankan Tower"). Up zuwa 1902 a cikin wannan yankin da aka haikalin da kuma ƙone unquenchable wuta.

ƙarshe

M, matsananci, kuma kusantuwa alama Yankan Tower. Baku - da birnin da intricately intertwined tarihi Gabas dandano da kuma na zamani hakikar. Wannan wuri ya cancanci hankali. Duhu m gini a tsohon garin da zarar glowed tare da canza launin hasken wuta, ban tsoro matafiya wahayi zuwa artists da kasida. View na Yankan Tower bukatar idanunku. Don ganin kuma kokarin gane abin da yake shiru tsoho Kamfanin GIZ Galasi cewa boyewa bayan ta m ganuwar, bayan an unknown zurfin m ƙarni.