Yadda ya yi da Internet. A kadan tarihi

Kowannen mu a kalla sau daya, yayin da karanta e-mail, ko da karatu sakamakon na gaba search tambaya, Ina mamakin yadda za a Internet ya. Lalle ne, cewa shi ne farkon wannan babban tsarin cewa ba shi da wani takamaiman rundunar a yau.

Kamar sauran hanyoyin fasaha da kuma kirkire-kirkire, da Internet fito daga ciwon hanji na soja cibiyoyin, wato - Pentagon. Don a tabbatar da kiwon lafiya na kwakwalwa a taron na nukiliya yaki ko wasu soja adawa, ya wajaba wajen samar da wani sabon tsarin gaba ɗaya. Don cim ma wannan aiki a cikin marigayi 50-ies karni na karshe da aka kafa DAPRA - dillancin dogon lokaci shiryawa da bincike da ci gaban (Tsaro Advanced Research Projects Agency). A da farkon akwai entwine "web".

Karatu daban-daban wallafe game da yadda za a Internet ya wuya ba tabbataccen amsar, wanda zai iya zama na ainihi farkon. Fara msar tambayar aukuwa? Fara na aiki a kan kwanciya na farko na USB dangane? A farko nasara zaman?

Domin shekaru masu yawa kafin Internet ya a ta al'ada ji, ɓullo da ra'ayin yada bayanai via wani madadin cibiyar sadarwa ko fakiti sharuddan sauyawa. A cikin shekaru 60 da na karni na 20th, da dama masana kimiyya, da kansa da juna, shi ne manufar rarraba networks. Daga cikin su: Amurkawa Dzhozef Liklayder da Paul Baran (ba zato ba tsammani, a Ukrainian da haihuwa), wani Banasare Donald Davis. Licklider a 61 ga watan shekara wallafa bayanin kula, wanda tasowa da ra'ayin wani duniya na cibiyar sadarwa, wanda zai ba da damar kowa ya sami damar zuwa bayanai a kusan kowace kwamfuta. Baran ya gabatar da manufar a "kunshin", da kuma Davis bayyana bukatar tsarin nodes ba kawai aika da amma kuma da canja wurin da bayanai.

A farkon dogon tafiya

A shekara ta 1969, na farko ƙoƙari kawunansu kwamfuta 4 2 manyan jami'o'i da aka samar (3 na su mallakar UC, da kuma 1 - Stanford), spaced fiye da ɗari biyar kilomita. A farko nasara zaman data tsakanin 2 kwakwalwa a watan Oktoba. 10/29/1969 22:30 - Yana tare da wadannan Figures, tarihin Internet sadarwa ya fara.

A na farko aikin da aka shafe $ 1 da miliyan .. Shirya kayan aiki domin fara wani sabon shiri kira APRANET, fãce ga aikin na kwanciya da na USB tsakanin birane da hannu a cikin kamfanin BNN. Daya daga cikin ma'aikatan wannan kamfanin ya ce, "Ban sani ba, ga wanda kullum za ka iya bukatar irin wannan cibiyar sadarwa."

Tare da nassi daga lokaci a cikin APRAnet zuba kwakwalwa da sauran cibiyoyi da jami'o'i na America. A wannan mataki, shi ne quite ma'ana savanin matsalar da kuma "mismatched" software, da sanya shi yiwuwa don canja wurin bayanai. A irin wannan, sãɓã wa jũnamai ya zama dole halittar wani hadade data tsarin. A sakamakon haka, developers bayar da wani hadade sa na dokoki domin yada bayanai, samu da sunan yarjejeniya. Sai ya zama na farko a cikin tarihin na IP (Internet layinhantsaki). Duk da gagarumin hargitsi a cikin watsa bayanai, shi ya ba rasa munasaba a yau. Kamar yadda wani irin mai kula ajiye data adana a watsa, ɓullo da TCP (Transmission Control layinhantsaki).

Duk da saba sunan "Internet" cibiyar sadarwa samu a shekara ta 1974. Kambun ga ajalin da lamban kira ne Amirkawa Vinton Cerf, da Bob Kahn.

Daga lokacin da ya bayyana online, a kasa da rabin karni, amma shi ne don haka mai zurfi a cikin rayuwar zamani mutum, cewa saboda mutane da yawa ya zama kawai tushen ilmi da bayanai. Za ka iya jayayya ba karshe game da anfanin ta da wata cũta ba, amma idan kana karanta wannan, to, kai ne a kan hanyar sadarwa.