"Wata rana Ivana Denisovicha": a takaice. "Wata rana Ivana Denisovicha," Solzhenitsyn

Mun kasance a cikin tarihi na Soviet adabi ayyukansu, da aka buga for taro wurare dabam dabam, sa'an nan ba zato ba tsammani zama taboo. A farko sun kawai janye daga library, sa'an nan kuma fara farauta domin riga buga kofe. Sa'an nan kuma ya zama m ga mai typewritten kwafin (kwafi na nufin haske kamar copiers sa'an nan kusan ba, kuma domin da samuwa shuke-shuke da za a sa a karkashin m iko). A karshen, da babban hadarin ko da wanda suka karanta daya labarin ko wani labari, bisa la'akari da su baki damar iya yin komai na kokarin verbally bayyana a kalla su summary. "Wata rana Ivana Denisovicha" - daya daga cikin wadanda ayyukansu.

zane

A shekarar 1951, Alexander Solzhenitsyn ya balaga da m ra'ayin da labarin, bayan karanta cewa, mutanen na Tarayyar Soviet zai iya yin hukunci da yanayi da kuma bayani na rayuwa-Sansani fursunoni. Sai ya zama a arewacin Kazakhstan, inda a nan gaba ta Nobel da aka bauta wa wani hukunci. Daga fitowar alfijir (Yunƙurin aka kafa a biyar da safe) da ya rataya up babban harafin zauna a dukan rayuwata cike da damuwansu, harkokinmu, hadarin da kuma wahala. Wannan shi ne, a gaskiya, shirya da aikin da ta summary. "Wata rana Ivana Denisovicha" ya bayyana yau da kullum aikin na mutum daya daga cikin Multi-miliyan dollar "aiki sojojinsa", ƙirƙira tattalin arziki ƙarfin Soviet tsarin mulki. Waɗannan su ne "nanata" halicci wani babban rabo daga cikin} asashensu na Tarayyar Soviet a kan wani daidai-akai tare da m, kuma sunã ƙasƙantattu manoma, sata da kuma ko da yaushe jin yunwa. Game The manoma a cikin wannan labarin kuma tattauna da babban harafin Naively mamaki so ya dawo daga yakin Tsohon soji don kauce wa m rabo na bawa da kuma amfani ga duk wani aiki daga ƙasarsa ta kauye, yana da kyawawa a cikin birnin. Duk da haka, da hakikar rayuwa fursunoni sun harsher fiye da ma'aikata daga cikin matalauta na gama gona. A labarin nan ya wanzu ne kawai a cikin tunanin na marubuci, a kan takarda ya sha wahala daga baya a Ryazan, inda ya maye gurbin kocin A. I. Solzhenitsyn zauna a shekarar 1957.

kwanaki tara 'mamaki

A shekarar 1959, Tarayyar Soviet tana yãƙi ba kawai a kan duniya mallaka, amma kuma tare da saurã daga voluntarism, Stalinism, da sauran "isms" cewa impede gaba motsi zuwa ga wani haske nan gaba. Yana da haka ya faru da cewa labarin da aka rubuta da wani tsohon fursuna da aka sanya wa wallafe-wallafe, dake a wancan lokacin, a cikin zamani sharuddan, a cikin "Trend" ko "na al'ada". Ya ba tsammani wani marubuci a matsayin hanyar cimma daraja ko nasara, amma a cikin wannan hali yana mai sauki sa'a. The shugaban jam'iyyar da kuma jihar N. S. Hruschev a cikin jawabin a XXII Congress na CPSU hammered karshe kusoshi a cikin akwatin gawa da murfi na Stalinism (a kalla ya tsammani haka), a shirye nake in kai da jiki da tsohon shugaba na kabarin. A sa'an nan da marubucin ya yi ƙarfin halin gabatar da aikin a kotu na Anna Samoylovna Berzer, litattafan sashen edita na rare mujallar "New World". Ta tafi tare da rubutum ga manyan edita Tvardovsky, kuma ba shi da wani summary na labarin "Wata rana a cikin Ivana Denisovicha", canza sunan marubuci a Ryazan. Target buga kasance, ya zama kamar ma, dukansa, amma hadarin har yanzu ba a cire.

Da wuya hanya da rubutum

A duban farko, da samfurin ne Mafi m tare da jam'iyyar line, ya yi kira a kan XX, XXI da XXII Congress, Allah wadai da "ta'addi". A shekarar 1961, shi ne gaye domin yin tir da Stalin, amma har yanzu ya kamata "tsayar da bugawa a kowane ugliness." A. Twardowski, da kansa, kasancewa a master na alkalami, ya yaba da m ingancin labarin kuma ba shi da wani babban ci, sa'an nan ya mika rubutum na 'yan'uwansa maza a cikin shagon, ya ba da farko a takaice. "Wata rana Ivana Denisovicha" karanta Ehrenburg, Marshak, Paustovsky, Fedin da Chukovsky, wanda su ma sun yi sha'awa. Yana yi sauki: goyon bayan manyan wallafe-wallafen sukar lamiri - na Nikita Khrushchev. Da farko sakataren ne yawanci sosai aiki, wannan lokaci mayar da martani kan fatawar da mambobi na Soviet Writers 'Union a hankali. Ya kula ba kawai a takaice. "Wata rana Ivana Denisovicha", wanda yake shi ne retelling na bakin Fadeeva sha'awar Soviet shugaban da aka karantawa, kimanta da kuma amince.

nasarar

Saboda haka, ta goma sha ɗaya (Nuwamba) batu na "New World" a shekarar 1962 tare da Solzhenitsyn ta rubutu ya shiga wurare dabam dabam. 96.900 mujallu da aka share daga shelves na saida littafai da stalls Sayuzdruk. Bi 25000th ƙarin batun, amma shi ba ya ice da ƙishirwa na yunwa da mai kauri gaskiya na Soviet mutane. Synopsis "Wata rana Ivana Denisovicha" da littafin da aka saita fito a cikin shan taba dakin da kuma a cikin kitchen, ya nakalto a cikin wani rada (sosai 'yan mutane ĩmãni da permissiveness), da kuma wani lokacin a babbar murya (mafi m magoya bayan jam'iyyar dimokuradiyya). A watan Janairu na gaba shekara, "Roman-Gazeta" m da rikodin ga taro da hagu 700,000th edition da buga wannan tsohon labarin. A dubu ɗari masu karatu ga marubucin ya kara da wallafa gidan "Soviet marubuci", sakewa da wani raba girma. Ko da a cikin mafi karatu kasa a duniya (kuma wannan shi ne yanayin) jimlar yawan buga kofe na fiye da miliyan daya sun kasance wanda ba safai ba ne sabon abu. Solzhenitsyn yarda a cikin Tarayyar Soviet Union of Writers.

Rasa a translation

A samfurin ya zama sananne biyu a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma kasashen waje. Yammacin masu karatu saba digests kuma ba a damu da kaina m dogon texts, shi ne quite gamsu da wani summary. "Wata rana Ivana Denisovicha" Solzhenitsyn rubuta a wajen wuya harshe, cike da LAGER Concepts da jargon. Yadda za a bayyana wa Faransa da cewa kalmar "wawa" a gaskiya yana nufin ba "kadan wawa" da kuma kammala, a amince perched a kan bai kula da tufafinsa rubuce-rubuce matsayi da abinci abu ko bolnichke (a bi da bi - wani likita makaman a sansanin). Babban abu ne cewa koya karatu, wanda ke zaune "a kan tudun", shi ne cewa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet yan-adam ba su mutunta, kuma zai iya sa wani. Kuma, Oddly isa, wannan simplistic view ne quite daidai da ra'ayin marubucin ayyukansu.

labarin

Working suna ya asalinsu masu "Sch-854" - wani sansanin yawan rubuta a kan wani yanki na kayan sewn zuwa padded jacket protagonist a kan baya da kuma kirji. Tale A. I. Solzhenitsyna "Wata rana Ivana Denisovicha" yana cike da cikakken bayani game da fursunonin rayuwa, da wanda marubucin yana nufin da kewayon bukatun da bukatun na mutane da suka zama nufin duka-iko asirin 'yan sanda gwamnatin bayi. Su mafarkin wani kadan sauran (wani lokacin kawai 'yan mintoci mafi matsayi), suna so su faru Blizzard, wanda fid da su daga ciwon don zuwa aiki. Sa'an nan har yanzu suna da cim, amma yana da bayan. Samun kadan more abinci ko wani ladle da wani yanki na solder, sauran daskararre dankali - sa'a. Ta yaya za shi gabã ɗaya ko masterfully rubuta summary? "Wata rana Ivana Denisovicha" - da labarin, saka daga cikin talakawa rai na bayani da cewa, ba su fahimta da mutum, har ma da mafi m, idan ya bai samu wani abu kamar shi.

mutane

Kuma duk da haka akwai labarai a cikin labari ya zama retelling. Wannan ne biography daga cikin haruffa, mutane na daban-daban 'yan Shi'ah da kuma haruffa. Ivan Denisovich Shukhov yi yaƙi, ya zo daga wani baƙauye iyali. All ya Laifi ne cewa ya kasance a cikin bauta. Akwai har yanzu a Baptist Alyosha, duk abin da yake bayyana a gare shi. Gwagwarmayar Cesar cinema yin fim wasu ba haka ba, kamar yadda ya cancanta, a movie, don haka shi bai gama ba da aiki. Sun Yammacin Ukrainian Gopchik ya taimaka wa 'yan'uwa mazauna kauyukan, Bandera, wanda ya tafi cikin daji. Marine jami'in Bund shi a wurin aiki alama da Birtaniya, ya tafi tare da su Arkhangelsk, amma bayan da yaki samu kyauta daga Birtaniya abokin aiki, da kuma mafi m. A general, mai yawa haruffa, kowane daga cikinsu rarrabe, kuma idan muka bayyana su duka, abu ne mai wuya a samu wani summary. "Wata rana Ivana Denisovicha" ne mai zaman jama'a giciye sashe na jama'a, ya yi kaifi gatari na Stalin ta adalci. Ya kiwata tambayoyi game da ainihin yanayin kwaminisanci ra'ayin da ya nuna ta na tsari lalacewar. Wannan shi ne dalilin da cewa samfurin da aka dakatar a cikin seventies.