Herman Melville: biography na marubuci, kuma aikinsa

Herman Melville - da aka sani American marubuci tare da wani hadadden rabo. Ya fara sosai farkon yin aiki, mai yawa ga kuma koyi. A cikin matasa - matafiyi, a tsakiyar rayuwar - sanannun da kuma mutunta marubuci a balaga - manta da duk ma'aikatan jama'a. Interest a cikin aikin da marubucin ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin XIX karni, kuma da shahararsa ya fara girma sosai a hannunsu. Melville ya fara da za a gane ta da karatu a matsayin wani zamani, da kuma littafinsa "Moby Dick" shi ne mafi muhimmanci labari na lokaci.

Herman Melville: biography daga cikin shahararrun marubuci

Melville aka haife a kan 1 ga watan Agusta, 1819 a New York. Sakandare ya fara samun wani gida makaranta domin boys. Lokacin da Hermann ya 12, mahaifinsa, ka yi kasuwanci, ya tafi fatara. The iyali yana da don matsawa zuwa birnin Albany, inda yaron ya iya ci gaba da karatun su. A 1832, shugaban na iyali mutu.

Aiki da kuma fara tafiya,

Ba tare da kammala sakandare ilimi, Herman Melville aka tilasta fara aiki, don taimaka wa iyali. The saurayi ya canza dama aikin da. Yana shi ne: wani banki ma'aikaci, wani manomi, wani malami a wata makaranta.

A cikin shekaru 20 da shekaru, Melville canza ta daukar hanyar rayuwa a kan wani teku tafiya - ya samun aiki a farko a kan wani kaya jirgin, sa'an nan a kan wani whaler. Production da kuma sayar da kifi Whale man a lokacin wani al'amari na Popular kuma m. A daidai wannan lokaci, da yawa sun iya yin arziki da ita. Duk da haka, saurayin da sauri gaji da aikin da watanni shida daga baya ya guje daga jirgin a lokacin da wani tasha a daya daga cikin kananan tsibiran.

A nan sai ya hadu da rayu a kalla watanni shida a wani gida kabilar Taipei, da suke cannibals. Sadarwa tare da yan unguwa, da launi na rayuwa wahayi zuwa da matasa marubuci rubuta a kama aiki, wanda aka buga a 1846 da kuma da sauri ya fara samun shahararsa.

Bayan ya dawo gida, saurayin ya fara tunanin tsanani na gaba. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya kama up a ilimi. Ya karanta mai yawa. A lokacin da wannan lokaci da cewa shi ne ya fara rubuta.

A farko ayyukan marubucin

A samfurin "Typee" An riga an ji marubucin style. The labari ne a farko mutum da protagonist ya bayyana irin abubuwan da, Kasadar da kuma tafiya. Talented marubuta gudanar ya ci gaba da karatu a jinkirtar da jiran cikin dogon jiran denouement, saboda irin labarun ne rare a cikin adabi na lokaci. Herman Melville ya dauki mai yawa daga kaina gwaninta, amma wani abu ne kawai almarar.

Wani sakamakon da akai tafiya ya zama wani saurayi labarin "Om." Artwork nuna rayuwar daban-daban azuzuwan, daga ra'ayi na marubucin. Marubuci, izgili a fuskoki da dama na rayuwar mutane. A labarin da aka ambiguously gane by marubucin, kuma ko da ya zama sananne a matsayin nune.

Duk da haka, a kan tuhumar da suke da tushe. Herman Melville Mãdalla da Kiyayewa, kuma zai iya zama saba da hali da kuma demeanor mutane. A cikin litattafan da ya bayyana da haske da kuma m mutum haruffa, sunã mãsu rõwa a kuma rashin tausayi.

Personal rai

A 1847, matasa da kuma riga shahara marubuci ya auri Elizabeth Shaw. Ta kasance mai 'yan qasar daga cikin shahararrun a cikin iyali - mahaifinta shi ne shugaban hukunci. The iyali zauna a New York.

Matasa biyu suka zauna a cikin wannan gidan da ɗan'uwansa Herman iyali, mahaifiyarsa kuma da dama 'yan'uwa mãtã. A wannan lokaci, Herman Melvill akai-akai kokarin samun wani aiki a hukumomin gwamnati, amma nasara ba a cimma. A a layi daya, ya ci gaba da rubuta.

The labari "Mardy" da "White-Jacket"

A 1849 shi ne aka buga labari "Mardi da kuma tafiya can." A sabon samfurin da peculiarities. Yana aka gaba ɗaya almara, marubucin ya free rein zuwa ga hasashensu. Akwai ma wani fasalin da ya halittun - da rashin tabbas na marubucin. Ya ko da yaushe ya fita sarari ga sauran al'amura ko wasu ra'ayi.

Melville ta gaba labari - "White-Jacket" An sake kwatanta abubuwan da suka faru samu ta hanyar su. Bayan matasa Jamus bar whaler, ya dauki wani aiki a kan American jirgin. Ga ya samun kansu a cikin wani yanayi daban-daban, ya gana da soja kwastan da kuma ayyuka, ganin kullum wulãkanci daga sojoji.

Domin cimma da littafin da labari marubucin aika zuwa Ingila. A ya dawo ya yanke shawarar komawa rayuwa a Massachusetts, inda ya rika a kan Estate tare da in-doka. Ga Melville yanke shawarar da ya tafiyar da noma da kuma kai wani m rayuwar iyali na marubuci.

Herman Melville. "Moby Dick"

Riga koma daga birnin, Melville Masana N.Gotornom. Yana da wannan ilimi wahayi zuwa ga marubuci ya rubuta wani sabon labari, wanda ya zama ya fi shahara aiki.

The labari "Moby Dick" Germana Melvilla - ne da kambi na halittar marubucin. All ayyukan rubuce kafin ya kawai wani shiri na asali halittar. Duk da wannan, nasarar da labari bai samu jama'ar Amirka.

aiki ba ya ba daya da ra'ayi zahiri. Wannan shi ne labarin da matafiyi a kan wani whaling jirgin. Duk da haka, a nan marubucin ya iya karkatar da babbar dama nau'o'i. Littafi Germana Melvilla "Moby Dick" - wannan kasada, da kuma falsafa hasashe, da kuma fantasy, hali nazari da kuma wani labari. Marubucin ya bayyana a cikin babban daki-daki cikin intricacies na whaling, da yanayin da haruffa, kazalika da fasali, jinsin da kuma ilimin halittàr jiki da Whales.

Labari Germana Melvilla "Moby Dick" ne tare da cikakken alamomin. A lokacin Whale image tonawa bayyana Moby Dick. Daga qarshe, da fari Whale - babban manufar da tafiya da jirgin ya zama personification na matsaloli da kuma al'amurran da suka shafi kẽwayẽwa bil'adama a matsayin dukan.

Wani alama ne samfurin na ƙungiya. Ya wakiltar dukkan bil'adama, wanda wanders ta hanyar rayuwar kamar jirgin a cikin teku.

Bugu da ari aikin Melville

Bayan labari "Moby Dick", wanda Amirka, jama'a ya dauka quite bushe, Herman Melville rubuta da dama litattafan da gajejjeran labaru, ( "Pierre", "Isra'ila mai ginin tukwane," "dan damfara" da sauransu). Duk da haka, babu wani daga cikin ayyukan da ba ya kawo marubucin kuma daraja kuma fitarwa, kuma kudin shiga. Kusan dukkan su gane ko dai cikakken ko m gazawar. Income iyali hanzari rincabewa. Ko da abota da shahararrun mutane, daga gare su zauna N.Gotorn, bai ba da sakamakon. Abokai kokarin a banza don samun mai kyau matsayin Melville.

A 1856, Melville aka tilasta sayar da rabin na gidan a Massachusetts wa ɗan'uwansa. A cikin Saide marubuci yanke shawarar da ya tafi a kan tafiya, kuma yana fatan mayar da su jiki kiwon lafiya da hankulansu a kwantar da hankula.

Bayan ya sake marubuci shirya don ya koya a Jami'ar, inda ya lectured a kan halin da ake ciki a Roma da kuma Kudu Tekuna. Kawai bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa a dokar a 1866, da iyali da kulawa kafa ta kudi matsayi. Mahaifinsa bar 'yarsa gaji da rabin na Estate. Don sayarwa House Melville ya taimaka buga "War Poems" da aka rubuta a baya. Amma wannan aikin bai kawo su daga 'ya'yan itãce. A lokaci guda, da marubuci karshe kulawa don samun wani aiki a cikin jama'a ofishin - da kwastan sufeto.

60 shekaru Melville ya ciyar aiki a kan waka "Klareylem". Duk da tsawon da aikin da kuma himma da marubucin, marubuci bai fahimci sake.

A wannan lokaci a cikin rayuwar iyali Germana Melvilla faruwa da dama mummunan: 'ya'yansa biyu ya mutu, daya daga' yarsa tsanani da rashin lafiya, da kuma a kan wasu suka karya dangantakar.

"Billy Budd, Fort ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa Mars"

A karshe shekaru na rayuwa marubucin sadaukar aiki a kan labarin "Billy Budd, Fort ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa Mars." Buga Ayuba marubuci ba, ta zauna a cikin rubutun.

A labarin da aka ba da aka buga har 1924 da kuma wata babbar nasara. Marubucin karshe cimma fitarwa.

Reviews littattafai marubuci

Herman Melville feedback samu mafi yawa tabbatacce. A mafi girma amfani ne da labari "Moby Dick." Mai karatu zai lura da cewa marubuci ya rubuta mai ban sha'awa da kuma jaraba labarin, amma littafin weaves mai yawa al'amuran da Lines da sa yi hankali. Yana da wuya daga karanta wani labari sau da yawa Firaministan shi sauki karatu masoya. A symbolism na samfurin sa ya fi m da kuma ban sha'awa a lokaci guda.