Wasannin Olympics a birnin Moscow a 1980: bude da kuma rufe bikin. A sakamakon gasar wasannin Olympic

A shekara ta 2017 shi kiwon shekaru 37 tun rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet ya hau kan ƙasarsu Olympics. A Moscow da kuma dukan duniya aukuwa sa mai fadi da rawa. Yuli 19, 1980 at 16 am Moscow lokaci a kan wani sabon filin wasa "Luzhniki" busa saba wa Muscovites da kuma mazauna wasu kasashen sauti. Kuri'un da aka kada chimes na Spassky Tower. Bayan shi "rai" jawabai: da majestic music festive Overture Dmitri Shostakovich zuga ji na mutanen da. Saboda haka shi aka yi sakonni farkon na bikin bude da XXII Summer Wasanni.

Zilaika, togas, da karusai

A al'adar manyan, hadaddun wasanni gasar yana da saiwoyinsa a Ancient Girka. Daga 776 BC. e. na 394 AD. e. Olympia da Wuri Mai Tsarki ya faru 293 mafi muhimmanci Helenawa kasa bukukuwa. Modern ci gaba da kyau tunanin sanya yiwu godiya ga himma da wani Bafaranshe, ya bambanta kansa a cikin marigayi XIX Tsayayyar zamantakewa. Sunansa - Per De Kuberten. A farko bayan zaman majalisar na bazara wasanni da aka gudanar a birnin Athens a watan Afrilu 1896. Daga bisani da aka gudanar a kai a kai a kowace shekara hudu, sai domin wani lokaci na duniya cataclysms. Suka yi ta jira a fuka-fuki da XXII gasar wasannin Olympics. A Moscow, wani Murna tsaye 19 Yuli 1980 a kan wata babbar "Luzhniki" filin wasan fagen fama zo "tsoho Helenawa": da sauki 'yan mata da kuma mutane a togas da zilaika.

Su aka tare da "tsoho" biyu wheeled karusarsa kõma da hudu da dawakai kowane. Wannan wani haraji ga tsoho ƙasar Hellas, ta madawwamin Ruhu na Olympics. An ce, a lokacin bikin bude (da kuma rufe) na ɓangare na mataki shi ne Gabas Dage. Iyakoki, dress shirt, flags a cikin hannãyenku daga masu sa kai da aka kafa a cikin thematic zane-zane, wani lokacin quite hadaddun (mãkirci 174).

A tsari na rayuwa "zanen" kama da taguwar ruwa a teku: tãguwar ruwa mirgina a kuma tattara, samar da shaci na Athens, da Kremlin, da Soviet alama, mascot mu'ujiza faruwa. Moscow-1980 muhimmanci canza. Gano an m lokaci, to wanda kasar da aka shida tsawon shekaru. Gaskiyar cewa Tarayyar Soviet za ta karbi bakuncin babban wasa taron, shi ya zama sananne a 1974. Abin lura shi ne cewa, saboda da batun farashin for da hakkin ya sami ya yi yaƙi kawai birane biyu: Moscow da kuma Los Angeles (USA). Suka ce cewa birnin Montreal (Canada), wanda bakuncin XXI Summer Games, to, ka fita daga bashin for kan talatin da shekaru!

A takaice game da symbolism

A karshe zaben ya nuna cewa lashe "masoyi babban birnin kasar, My zinariya Moscow ...". The shugaban kasa, Leonid Brezhnev, shakka: Shin Moscow Olympics, ko in je a kan irin wannan kashe kudi, ya fi sauki biya a kananan azãba fee da kuma matsawa "wajen"? Mun yanke shawarar ba ya ba up: wasanni - wata alama ce da zaman lafiya. Kuma Tarayyar Soviet ya ko da yaushe bayar da shawarwari game da tabbatar da cewa bindigogi suka yi tsit, da kuma kankara "sanyi" yaki tsakanin biyu manyan ikokin - Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka - ya narke. A yi na musamman wuraren fara a 1976.

A lokaci guda shi ya tabbatar da cewa ya bayyana cancanta ga Olympic mascots. A 1977th gabatar na "A dabba duniya," Vasily Peskov, ya miƙa masu kallo zabi wata dabba wanda image zai samar da tushen da wani sihiri abu da za su iya jawo hankalin hankalin daya da kuma duk, zai zama fi so daga cikin jama'a. Tamanin cikin dari na weights zabe cikin bear. Ya ba da hanya ga laurels irin wannan 'yan takara a matsayin doki, wani kare, bison, muz, kudan, mikiya, zakara.

Yana da aka ayyana da All-Union gasar ga mafi kyau image m. Forward m wani funny bear da bel na Olympic zobba, halitta da artist Viktorom Chizhikovym. Daga baya m Misha gaske son da kuma haddace dukan duniya. Marubucin na wani hali overriding cewa zai wadãtar da gasar Olympics-80 (silhouette na Kremlin ta Spassky Tower, Naira Miliyan Xari da giciye-kasa waƙoƙi, shugaba tare da wata biyar-nuna star) ya dalibi na Stroganov School Vladimir Arsent'ev. Duk wadannan da kuma wasu bayanai da za a iya classified a matsayin m lokacin da shirye-shiryen. Ɓacewa ko wasu, ciki har da na siyasa yanayi.

Kauracewa sittin da biyar

Kamar kafin lokacin rani, lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet sa ran Moscow Olympics, a request na Afghanistan gwamnati, Soviet sojojin shiga kasar Sands da daji cliffs (1979). Nan da nan ya bi ta hanyar da wadannan matakai (an yi imani da cewa su ne da ɗan kama da na yanzu zanga-zangar da kuma takunkumin): Shugaban Amurka Dzhimmi Karter zo daga karfi da ga gabatarwar takunkumin tattalin arziki da kuma kaurace wa gasar wasannin Olympics. A kira ga rushe taron da aka goyan bayan 65 States, daga gare su - Monaco, Liechtenstein, Somalia da sauransu.

A bude gasar wasannin Olympics ta isa ashirin-kasashe hudu a nahiyar Afrika da cewa sun matsa a hankali ya yarda da gayyatar. International kwamitin shirya bai gayyaci Iran, inda da juyin juya halin da ya mutu saukar kwanan nan. Babban sakataren MDD Kurt Waldheim (Austria) fili furta wata kalma cewa yana nufin wani abu kamar: "ƙafafuna a gurguzu den so ba." Wannan dai ba duka. Akwai matsaloli da taki na kayayyakin more rayuwa. A watan Maris 1980, "An dauke - to hawaye": da shirin karban ya 56 daga 97 habarta ayyukan.

Babban filin wasa "Luzhniki", kwale canal a Krylatskoye, Ostankino tv-rediyo wuce wata daya kafin a bude! Yau, da yawa ji cewa filin jirgin sama "Barcelona" International Trade Center a kan Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, "Cosmos" hotel ko da yaushe aka. Amma su suna gina kawai 37 shekaru da suka wuce, saboda mana ta hanyar da hadari da cikas makiya gaggauta Olympics-80.

Yana da ban sha'awa hanya zuwa Moscow, sanannen Greek wuta. Relay masu gudu, tsara ya sadar da shi zuwa wurinta, fara wata daya kafin a bude, Yuni 19, 1980. Tocilan lit a kan Dutsen Olympus. Dogon lokacin da "priestess", yana karɓa da kuma watsa da fitilar Olympics (1980 ya ba togiya - babban harafin ayyukan kasance sanannun actress Maria Moskoliu) samar shrine amfani da wani concave madubi (ruwan tabarau). Heat Sun tuba a cikin wani bude wuta, shi ya ba bira dalibi University of Athens Atanasisu Kozmopolusu.

Baton masu gudu, tsara don kai gaisuwa zuwa ga kona Girka, kallo da dubban mutane daga kasashe daban-daban da kuma kabilu. Hot, kuma a lokaci guda hõrarriya, ya samu nasarar nasara da 5000 kilomita.

matakan dauka

Kamar da yawa daga cikin saba rocked up ga bottoms na gasar wasannin Olympic! A Moscow, cikin mafi girma a birnin a Turai, da komai bencina fagage m. Duk da haka, ba duk da haka mai sauki: kowa da kowa ba gayyace kuma wanda aka gayyace - ba dukan amsa! Iya la'akari a cikin wannan da kuma sauran yanayi.

Yan kallo. Kamar yadda aka sani, tsaye a manyan wasanni fagen fama "Luzhniki" a bude ranar da wasanni da aka cika wa damar (damar 103 dubu mutane). Wasu mutane sun yi imani da cewa yin haka ya ba da sauki: da yawa 'yan kasashen waje ya wuce (ko ba saya) wani daftarin aiki don m zuwa filin wasa. Shirya yanke shawarar da kuma sayar da tikiti ga 30 aninai da 'yan kasa ke so a gida kasar (ba shakka, a circumvention na IOC). Duk abin ya tafi da yiwu: maƙil filin wasan ya yi tsawa, "kamar yadda idan wata girgizar kasa zo a kalaman!"

"Masu". Wani lokaci yana da alama cewa wannan ra'ayi ne ya kawo wa mu ƙamus ne gasar wasannin Olympics a Moscow. 1980 A shekarar wa'adi, wa'adi mai arziki girbi a kan "shigo" na masu zuba jari. Da suka yi alkawari duwãtsu na zinariya a cikin nau'i na ramuwa da halin kaka na shirya wasanni. Saboda da kauracewa na wasu "abu na hazo", wasu sun rage zuba jari. Bisa ga memoirs na shugaban kwamitin shirya Ignatiya Novikova gaba daya lura da ita kalma kawai m "Adidas" (Jamus). Jita-jita da shi da cewa "firmachi" sun razana ganin yadda babban-sunan wasan} wallon kwandon Sergei Belov, wanda aka amince da haske da wuta daga cikin XXII gasar wasannin Olympic, gudanar da kwano na fentin allon sneakers fafatawa a gasa. The ɗan wasa ya bayyana wannan m hanya surface cewa sanya amfani spiked takalma.

Shops. Yadda yawa jita-jita haifar Summer gasar wasannin Olympic! Moscow (kuma kusan duk da Tarayyar Soviet) a 1970 ba je jin yunwa: da kayayyakin ba su sãɓã ba "jari hujja iri-iri," amma sun halitta, sauki, da amfani. Wasu makoki cewa ba ko da wani abin taunawa (ta dauke cutarwa). Sun sanya up for da shortcomings. Jama'a parasites, shan barasa da kuma sauran unreliable mutane suka tafi don ɗari da farko kilometer na Moscow, don haka kamar yadda ba ganimar da overall hoto liyafar.

Weather. Me aka bude a watan Yuli 80 A Olympics? Tarayyar Soviet - wata babbar kasa, wanda ta lullube ta da yawa yanayin zones. A babban birnin kasar, inda m ruwan sama, da mafi m kwana a tsakiyar lokacin rani. Lissafin lokuttan barata.

Gaisuwa daga sarari

Arba'in minti kafin zuwa na Brezhnev, kyalewa haramta na shugaban kasar Carter ta jawo daga tutar Amurka, da American Dan Patterson (21) ta kaddamar da wani US flag. Suka ce da shi da shekara 88, tsohon countryman Nick Paul kaicon da na wasanni za su kasance 'yan wasa daga kasar su. Idin ba iri na. Da nassi ya fara 'yan wasa daga Greek tawagar, kammala - daga Tarayyar Soviet.

Tsakanin su tafi Manzanni 16 kungiyoyin kasa: Andorra, Australia, Belgium, Birtaniya, da Netherlands da Denmark da Ireland, Italiya, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Puerto Rico, San Marino, Switzerland. Yana za a iya kira yabon Allah Internazionale gasar wasannin Olympics.

A Moscow a fagen fama "Luzhniki" a lokacin bikin, mahalarta a lokaci guda saki a cikin sama 5000 tattabarai. Yi amfani da tsuntsãye kama binciken dakatar bayan da mugayen hatsari. A shekarar 1988, a birnin Seoul, tsuntsun ya tashi ya mai da kuma zauna a gefen na kofin. Poor rãyukansu ƙone a lõkacin da wata wuta ya barke na Olympics. Wanda zai yi tunanin cewa rai Olympic mascots mutu don haka m?

Amma baya ga topic. A Yuli kwanaki halittu plied da kumbon sama jannati "Soyuz-35" tare da cosmonaut Valeriem Ryuminym da Leonidom Popovym a kan jirgin. Su gaisuwa ga mahalarta da kuma masu sauraro nuna a kan babban allon. By Ubangiji Maykl Killanin, shugaban kwamitin IOC (International kwamitin wasannin Olympics). Babu wanda ya san cewa jim kadan kafin gasar Olympics tsohon soja murabus. Ya ba da bene don ya gaishe Leonid Brezhnev. Babban sakataren kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet ta sanar da bude gasar wasannin Olympics a Moscow.

Sai bayan da maganarsa to, wata ƙungiya daga mãsu bãyar fassara Olympic flag da ashirin da biyu da 'yan wasa sun kasance kusa, rike da fari kurciyoyi. Duniya tsuntsaye da gudu a Moscow sama bayan da flag-Kiwon, a kan Hauwa'u na da isowa na mika wutar wasannin Olympic a cikin fagen fama. Yana kawo dan wasa Viktor Saneev. Na yi gudu tare da mika wutar a kan wani na'urar motsa jiki, yin wani irin nasara gwiwa, ya kuma ba m kaya zakara na gasar wasannin Olympics ta shekara ta 1972 Sergey Belov. Athlete tsayi (190 cm) kamar "tafo" a kan bene a kan tekun tãguwar ruwa adam dama da kofin zuwa ceremoniously haske cikin fitilar Olympics.

All records na proudest sunayen

Raye-raye da mutanen da Tarayyar Soviet, wasan akrobat - shi ne mai rabo na alheri da zaman lafiya, da rabo daga kyakkyawa da ikon da Tarayyar Soviet, ga wanda ya zo da siga kwanaki na gasar. Contest sakamakon su ne kamar haka. Tarayyar Soviet tawagar lashe 80 zinariya, 69 azurfa da 46 lambobin tagulla, ya lashe unofficial tawagar count. Ga wasu sunaye na heroes of Viktor Krovopuskov (wasan zorro), Yuriy Sedykh (guduma jħfa), Alexander Starostin (zamani pentathlon), Tatiana Kazankin (mai gudu), Alexander Melent'ev (kibiyoyi), Nellie Kim (ɗan motsa jiki).

Dan wasan ninkaya na Vladimir Salnikov farko ya zama uku-lokaci Olympic zakara a cikin tarihi na Soviet wasanni. Alexander Dityatin gane a matsayin kawai ɗan motsa jiki a duniya, da ciwon lambar yabo a duk bada, wanda aka kimanta da alƙalai. Kuma shi ne kawai sulusi da murabba'i na nasarori na Soviet da 'yan wasa. Sun riƙi "zinariya" kusan duk wani nau'i na gasa, ciki har da wasan kwallon raga, ruwa Polo, kwando. (Football, dambe da kwale bar yawa da za a so).

Af, uku-lokaci Zakarun Olympics da aka mai suna Rica Reinisch, Barbara Krause, Karen Mechuk (ninkaya, gudun hijirar), Parfenovich (kayaker, Tarayyar Soviet). Gogaggen dan dakin motsa jiki (! A shekaru 28) Nikolay Andrianov tabbatar: "Wanda yake so ya, ya yi" - da kuma lashe zinare biyu, azurfa biyu da tagulla guda samu lambar. A wannan girma ya kawo gida awards a Jamus Democratic Republic, Inessa Dirs (iyo).

Kowa da kowa ya ji shi ne sunan ɗan motsa jiki Nadia Comaneci (Komenech) Romania (2 zinariya, 2 azurfa lambar yabo). Ta yi, bayan mai tsanani da baya rauni, da nuna wani misali na juriya da kuma ɗaure a kan. Biyu "zinariya" kuma daya "azurfa" ya gymnasts Elena Davydova, Aleksandra Tkacheva, Sergei Koplyakova wasan ninkaya. Bambanta Natalia Shaposhnikova (biyu na zinariya da biyu lambobin tagulla).

Detractors yi kokarin "littafi ne" da sakamakon, jayayya da cewa gasar wasannin Olympic da aka gudanar a cikin rashi na da karfi hammayarsu daga kasashen kauracewa taron. Amma ba, duk da wins sun cancanta da kuma muhimmanci. Tsanani na gwagwarmayar faruwa daji. 74 Olympic records hada 36 fi duniya. A kasar da kuma duniya za su tuna 1980 for kyau. Wasannin Olympics a birnin Moscow, Soviet impregnated tare da ruhun daidaito da kuma fraternity, zai zama akwai fiye da taba.

The hour na bankwana

A halin yanzu, da karshe rufe na gasar wasannin Olympics. A bikin ya faru a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, 1980. A lokacin da wasanni da 'yan wasa daga kasashe daban-daban, da magoya sun zama daya babban iyali. A bayyane yake: mutum capabilities ne mai girma. Da nufin lumana wasa nasara, suka hallakar da ilimin harsuna da siyasa shinge. A rabi biyar da yamma busa sako cewa m shirin na Wasanni nasara.

Last sa na awards buga kau da na wasannin wasanni. A] aukacin sakamakon da XXII Summer gasar wasannin Olympics ta kasance kamar haka: na farko wuri - Tarayyar Soviet (195 awards, ciki har da RSFSR - 56, Ukrainian SSR, -48, -19, Byelorussian SSR, da Harshen Maldavian Soviet -1). Na biyu - da Jamus Democratic Republic (126 awards), na uku - Bulgaria (41 lambar yabo). A 19 hours 30 da minti fara idin farin ciki da kuma bakin ciki: a gaban dubban yan kallo a gasar Olympics-80 ya zama tarihi.

Sake cika cunkus dandali. Hasken Arena iridescent. Tsawa Fanfare. Kowane mutum na tunanin: Me ya karshe hi ba a gasar Olympics a Moscow? A 1980, ya zama kamar ma, ya kai ga ƙarshe tare da ita. Jamhuriyar Lodge kasaftawa zuwa babban jami'in gudanarwa na kasar - Yuri Andropov, Grishin, A. Kirilenko, Kosygin, Mikhail Gorbachev (Leonid Brezhnev a lokacin da aka hutu), da kuma sauran manyan baƙi. Killanin aka faruwa auku a kan jagorancin Juan Antonio Samaranch.

ba tare da pyrotechnics

A spectacle na farati da 'yan wasa. Mãsu bãyar fita, to, 'yan wasa. A shafi ba kasu kashi kasashe da mutanen. A flagpoles tashi up Greek kuma Soviet flags. waka na wadannan kasashe sun sun cika. Bisa ga dokoki na bikin rufe gasar, muna da tada flag na Amurka, inda suka auku bazara wasanni a shekarar 1984. Amma a tsawo na "sanyi" yaki damuwa da tashe tutar na birnin Los Angeles. Ubangiji Killanin sanar da gasar wasannin Olympics ta rufe.

The fita shugaban kwamitin IOC bukaci kada su yi amfani da irin matakan matsayin wajen harkokin siyasa. A 20 hours minti 10 da 'yan wasa (8 persons) kwashe deflated Olympic flag. The wuta a cikin kwano, haife shi a Olympia, ya fara gushe. Sau biyar busa a gaisuwa. Mutane da yawa daga cikin yan kallo a tsaye suna ta kuka. Domin da farko lokacin da filin wasan scoreboard nuna bai rinjaye minti, seconds, mita, da kuma haka m-allon cinema. Mutane suka ga wani ɗan gajeren fim inda haske lokacin faru sake. Kuma inda ya Olympics Mishka? The song ne game da shi yada a duk faɗin duniya!

Kuma a nan ya zo, na karshe lokacin. 'Yan kokawa, gymnasts, swimmers, duk-rounders, gudu da sauran heroes na bazara Olympics a Moscow bar fagen fama. 'Yan kallo sun kasance a tsaye. Yana da jũna a matsayin idan game asiri - da kyalkyali launuka na show Iosifa Tumanova - nufi kawai ga su - mafi m, m, kuma m. A wannan lokacin, wasanni da kuma art sun garwaya. A yamma da aka zaba ba da damar: idan ka fita da rana, kunna sarari a cikin wani m bango ga grand haske show. Pyrotechnics an ba su shirya.

acrobatic

Haske ne muffled, shi ya haskaka sake, da mataki na ci gaba! Shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa 'yan wasan sun bar zuwa dawo! 'Yan kallo, wanda ya kawai ya kalli wasannin fasaha na dance kungiyoyin, gani kamar ƙarfafan acrobats na duniya, Turai, da Tarayyar Soviet shiga cikin' yan wasa, tare da yin darussan da kintinkiri wuya. Waɗanda suka yi ba a rufe show: ba shi yiwuwa a manta da yadda fagen fama ya girma, kuma ta shahara, da mãmãki flower na m, mai kyau jikinsu!

A wannan lokaci, a cikin sarari a karkashin tsaye languished Bear. A babbar, a shirye su "yi kashe" da 'yar tsana da ya deflate da kuma cika sake: shi ba ya wuce a size masauki, Ya shiryar da shi a cikin filin wasa. Duk da yake fasaha al'amurran da suka shafi warware, show tafi a kan. Golf ya zama wata babbar yanki na Rasha jama'a bukukuwa. Whirling dance, ƙaho rollicking akordiyon, balalaika. Ba tare da babbar nesting tsana. Su aka dauka ta hanyar truck.

Kamar a cikin hikaya girma birches, iyo fari Swans - m bango halitta a tsaye maza dubu biyar, dauke da makamai tare da canza launin faranti. M hotuna sun fiye da dari da hamsin! Enviable jituwar! Kasawa aka lura. A karshe akwai Bear. Domin a yayin da ya iyo a cikin filin wasan da aka gudanar da wani rukuni na goyon baya.

Sihirce gandun daji a kan Sparrow Hills

Kamar yadda suka shige cikin harshen Chalice, Kambun zama bankwana waving paws tsaye, wanda ya yi girma ya fi shuru: Misha shahararre shi ne lokacin da tafi zuwa aljanna-labari gandun daji. Wadannan su ne kalmomin da song, a fi so daga wanda ya bar "Luzhniki". Ya tashi, bisa ga shirin, ya tashi zuwa uku da rabi mita high, ya fara motsa daga filin wasan da kwano, a karkashin idanun hadari da hawaye masu kallo.

Rufe faru. Barin podium, wasu magoya lalle ne sun lissaftuwa game da inda toed aboki ƙasar. Akwai wadanda suka ba ya so ya yi rashin bangaskiya a cikin romantic sakamako. Ga su da Kambun zuwa wannan rana zaune a cikin wani sihiri spruce nisa (ko kusa?) Daga Moscow. The Olympic kauye ya a cike lilo dare bankwana, fatan sabon tarurruka, ya yi alkawarin ba su manta da juna. A nice roba dabba komai a fili a kan Sparrow Hills, aka tsince a search ƙungiya da kuma aika zuwa sito.

Kuma shi ya kasance "wani asiri na karni" da wuya rayuwa Olympic Bear. The song ƙare tare da harafin a kan Sparrow Hills. Akwai ya aka tsince da kuma boye a wani sito. Suka ce saye daga West Germany na dogon lokaci kokarin lallashe da hukumomi don sayar da su jiya Kambun for kyau kudi. Amma buying da sayar da ba a gudanar.

Misha wani lokacin na ɗaukaka. Ya nuna a Pavilion a Nunin na tattalin arziki Nasarori. A cewar wasu rahotanni, zai zo karshe a cikin labari. A-site ajiya a cikin ginshiki na kwamitin wasannin Olympics na halakar da beraye kuma berayen. Amma mascot zauna a cikin mutane ta ƙwaƙwalwar. Kamar yadda ta Olympics-80.