Chita: yawan jama'a da kuma tarihin

Mafi girma a birnin, located a gabashin Siberia, babban birnin kasar na Trans-Baikal Territory, Chita Oblast cibiyar, babban kai cibiya - shi ya karanta.

Overview

A birni ne dake kan gangara na biyu jeri: Yablonovy Cherskogo kuma, a mahaɗar tsakãninsu kogi a Chita Ingoda. Cikin Chita aka located Tito dutsen tudun 946 mita high, kazalika da Lake Canan. The halitta wuri mai faɗi ne bambancin: daga natsuwa da matakan da dutsen taiga iri-iri.

Chita aka located a wani sashi na furta nahiyar sauyin yanayi tare da kadan snow a cikin hunturu da kuma dumi gumi lokacin bazaar. Distance daga Rasha babban birnin kasar na Moscow - 5000 km.

Daga cikin tarihi na birnin

Ana zargin Chita nasaba da cigaban babbar expanses na Siberia servicemen mutane. Za zurfi a cikin Siberian expanses baya da Cossacks, wani bambancin kasuwanci da masana'antu mutane. Peter Beketov tawagar a 1653 samu zuwa kogin. Ingoda da kuma aza gida. Wannan shiri da aka mai suna Plotbische, t. Don. A rafts aka gina a nan, daga baya jiragen. Tare da m Gwargwadon wuri, kasancewa a tsaka-tsaki na ƙasar da kuma waterways, Plotbische ci gaba cikin sauri. A 1699, akwai wani gidan yari, wanda a 1706 samu sunan Chita.

Ya kara ci gaba da na nan gaba ci gaban birnin gare kusa a farkon XVII karni azurfa mahakar, da aka sani Nerchenskie, da kuma shuka yi. Chita yawan lokacin da za a iya samu a hada ya kunshi rubuta kafofin na XVIII karni. A 1762, ta kasance 73 mazaunan. A rashin manpower sanya up amfani nanata aiki.

A tsawon lokaci, da kurkuku fara yi wa Nerchenskomu Gornozavodsk management. Yana bar wani bugu a kan aiki. Chita ci gaba da bunkasa masana'antu saboda gaskiyar cewa da mazauna fara ƙona gawayi ga smelting, haihuwa da shi zuwa ga Shilka shuka. Common zama da mazauna yankunan da aka ma cikin gandun daji kama kifi, kaya kogin rafting.

A cikin 20 na. XIX karni a cikin birni akwai riga 300 mazaunan. Chita Chita ya zama cibiyar Ikklesiya. Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ci gaban birnin taka leda Decembrists gudun hijira zuwa naƙudarta nan.

A tsakiyar karni XIX kafa Trans-Baikal yankin. The title of ta babban birane cibiyar ya samu Chita, wanda yawan shi ne ya fara girma cikin sauri. A 1863 na zauna a nan for dubu uku mazaunan.

A XX karni zo Chita raya masana'antu birni a Siberia. Railway aka gina, shi yi aiki mai yawa masana'antu da kuma shuke-shuke. Shiri ya zama wata babbar cibiyar ciniki na Transbaikalia. Don gina gidaje, majami'u, Yahudu da masallatai gudana, akwai wani library. A birni ta yawan ta 1910 amounted zuwa fiye da 68 da mutane dubu.

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin da birnin don wani lokaci ta kasance babban birnin Far Eastern Jamhuriyar. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da sha'anin Chita yi aiki domin yaki da bukatun. A shekarar 1945 a nan aka ayi a manyan sha'awa a cikin Far East, Marshal Vasilevsky. Up zuwa 1949 a cikin shiri na daban-daban gine-gine a Japan fursunonin yaki aiki.

Raya zaman jama'a ababen more rayuwa na gari. Chita, wanda da yawan jama'a na buga aiki a masana'antu, da kuma a cikin zaman jama'a Sphere, a shekara ta 1972 aka bayar da Order na Oktoba juyin juya halin.

Chita a XXI karni

Yau Chita - a raya masana'antu birni. Kumbura yi abubuwa na daban-daban dabi'u, da sabon waje dangantakar da aka kafa, masu tasowa, cinikayya. Chita (da yawan jama'a na birnin ne musamman alfahari da wannan) shi ne mai karɓa daga cikin babbar National Award "ƙwazon ayyukansu - m Rasha", ya lashe karo na hudu, All-Rasha hamayya "Golden Ruble" a su mazabar.

Birnin yana da jami'o'i, da makarantu, kolejoji na sana'a shiriya, kimiyya da cibiyoyin bincike. Chita, inda yawan yana da damar da za su tada su al'adu matakin, yana da wani isasshen yawan makarantun da mayar da hankali. Yana aiki 24 gidajen tarihi, sinimomi, a circus, a Philharnonic al'umma, wata babbar concert wuri. Kuma a kai a kai runduna bukukuwa da gasa da daban-daban matakan.

Yawan jama'a na Chita yau

Domin birnin ne halin da akai karuwa a yawan. Wannan tabbatacce Trend lura tun da postwar lokaci. A shekarar 1948, birnin yawan 138.000 mutane, a shekarar 1966 - 201 000. A shekara ta 2002, da adadi shi ne 317.000. Yau da yawan jama'a na birnin Chita - game da 336 dubu mazaunan.