Wanne kwayoyin ne pathogens? Kwayoyin cutar da mutane

Daga cikin dubun na kwayoyin za a iya gani a matsayin abokai, cewa samar da muhimmanci ayyuka na jikin mu, kuma munin qiyayya. Wadannan rayuwa siffofin kasu kashi ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka fungi da protozoa. Wani lokaci kwayoyin data hada da kalmar "microbes". Kwayoyin cutar ne causative jamiái na da yawa cututtuka, wasu jinsunan ne mai tsanani barazana ga rayuwar dan Adam. Duk da haka, wadanda kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa a cikin jikin mutum, a kan m, taimake hukuma jimre da ayyuka.

Kwayoyin cutar, su tsarin

Kwayoyin cutar kira protists. Su ne kananan (0.5-10 microns) da kuma wani daban-daban siffar. A cell daga wadannan kwayoyin kunshi wani membrane da cytoplasm. Cell membrane taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin metabolism da yanayi. Cytoplasmic membrane m ga harsashi da aka hada da sunadarai, lipids, kuma enzymes. Shi ne ke da alhakin aiwatar da cire da kuma shigar da keji abubuwa, kamar yadda da osmotic shãmaki. Babban bangaren ne a cytoplasmic gina jiki. Wannan shi ne inda makamashi matakai cewa samar da muhimmanci ayyuka na Kwayoyin. A kwayoyin ba sun bayar da tsakiya. Maimakon haka ba makaman nukiliya abu wanda ya ƙunshi RNA da DNA.

A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na sel

Babban bangaren na kwayan cell - shi ne ruwa. Yana daukan 80% na jimlar nauyin kananan kwayoyin. Duk da haka, a cikin rigingimu da abun ciki shi ne muhimmanci kasa - kimanin 20%. Mutane da yawa kwayoyin isasshe da kyau jure ta rage yawan ruwa (bushewa). A wannan tafiyar matakai na rayuwa suna ragae saukar, kuma su gushe radiyo. Haka kuma, a cikin sel hada da sunadarai, carbohydrates, fats, da kuma ma'adanai, da kuma nucleic acid.

kwayoyin motsi

Kwayan Kwayoyin yi ƙungiyoyi godiya ga wani musamman jiki - da flagella. Wannan bakin ciki thread-kamar samuwar, da lambar kuma wuri na bambance bambancen. su kauri ne game da 0.01-0.03 microns. A wannan yanayin, gane da dama iri. Idan daya flagellum da shi aka located a daya matsananci - irin kwayoyin cuta da ake kira monotorihami. Micro-kwayoyin a cikin abin da daya daga cikin dogayen sanda ne a dam na flagella - monopolar lofotrihi. Wadanda kwayoyin cuta, a cikin abin da sandunan an sanya katakanta, da ake kira amfitrihami. Amma idan flagella rufe dukan surface na cell, shi peritrichous. Wata hanyar motsi na kwayoyin - zamewa. An yi imani da cewa wannan na faruwa saboda Kwayoyin suna rage a cikin taguwar ruwa.

Yadda za a yi kiwo kwayoyin. sporulation

Hanyar haifuwa a kwayoyin cuta ne fairly sauki. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da cewa tantanin halitta ya raba zuwa biyu, kai wani size. Farko shi ne mika, sa'an nan a mai gangara bangare, sets na sel bambanta daga zura sandunan ɗaukarsa. Idan ka ƙirƙiri wani yanayin, da kwayoyin division iya faruwa kowane minti 20. Amma mafi yawan kwayoyin aka kashe da mataki na muhalli. Domin canja wurin da ya fi karfinsu da yanayin kwayoyin iya samar da spores. A wannan jiha, su sami damar kula rayuwar dubban shekaru. Ko da a cikin zamanin da mummies na kwayan spores da aka samu. Suna kafa a cikin da dama iri: a ciki, a tsakiyar ko a karshen cikin keji.

ilimin halittar jiki na kwayoyin cuta

Dangane da tsari na bacteria ne tallace a cikin wadannan iri:

1. Ball. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta ne causative jamiái na cututtuka daban-daban. Wadannan sun hada da staphylococci (inabi da siffar), streptococci (dogon form sarkar). Recent microorganisms ne cikin hanyar kumburi tafiyar matakai da kuma cututtuka kamar angina, otitis, ciwon huhu. Staphylococcal kwayoyin ne causative jamiái na alimentary fili cututtuka, surkin jini tafiyar matakai. A mafi hatsari wakilin - staphylococcus aureus.
2. Rod-dimbin yawa. Wannan irin na da Silinda siffar. Sau da yawa sun samar da spores. Irin kwayoyin ake bacilli. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta ne causative jamiái na Anthrax.
3. Karkace. Yana samu da sunan saboda siffar da swirls. Wadannan sun hada da spirilla da suke da quite m kwayoyin. Spirochetes bayyana a matsayin bakin ciki Twisted thread. An sani cewa wadannan kwayoyin cuta - pathogens na syphilis.
4. Vibrio. A wakilan wannan category da dan kadan mai lankwasa siffar. Bã su da wani rarrabe: da causative kwayoyin ne resistant zuwa alkaline yanayi. Sa irin wannan cututtuka kamar ciwon kwalara.
5. Mycoplasma. A fasalin da irin wannan shi ne babu cell membranes. Waje rundunar jiki, su ne ba su iya aiki. Tambayar da wace irin cuta pathogens ne Mycoplasma kwayoyin ne fairly sauki amsar: su yafi tsokane bayyanar cututtuka a cikin dabbõbin ni'ima ko shuke-shuke.

kwalara

Daya daga cikin mafiya hatsari cututtuka ne da ciwon kwalara. Ana rinjayar da narkewa kamar tsarin da kuma sa mai tsanani maye. Abin da kwayoyin cuta ne da causative jamiái na kwalara? Wadannan kwayoyin da aka gano ta Robert Koch. Vibrio cholerae yana cikin siffar wani dan kadan mai lankwasa sanduna. A rarrabe da wadannan kwayoyin cuta - high motsi. Vibrio cholerae shiga cikin kananan hanji da kuma can ana gyarawa. Akwai su samar da sunadaran gina gubobi, sakamakon illa ruwa-gishiri balance, jiki ne mai tsanani dehydrated. Halin Kwayoyin cutar resistant zuwa alkaline yanayi, amma ga su hallakaswa acid. Bugu da kari, duk da cewa low yanayin zafi ake, ɗaukar su da kyau, tafasar kashe Vibrio cholerae nan take. Samu yiwu a lamba tare da wani haƙuri, ta hanyar da abinci ko ruwa. A shiryawa zamani ne 5 days.

ciwon huhu

Kumburi daga cikin huhu - a wajen tsanani da rashin lafiya da za su iya kai ga mutuwa. Musamman wuya a kai yara ciwon huhu. Yana iya sa ba kawai ƙwayoyin cuta. Amsar wannan tambaya na abin da irin kwayoyin cuta ne causative jamiái na cuta, da aka sani: da pneumococcus (90%). Har ila yau tsokane bayyanar kumburi tafiyar matakai staphylococci (game da 5%), da kuma Streptococcus spp. Kwayoyin cutar dake a cikin hanci sassa da makogwaro.

Mafi na kowa bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon huhu - zazzabi, shortness na numfashi, janar maye da kwayoyin. Daya daga cikin mafiya hatsari ne intrauterine ciwon huhu. Yana iya fararwa kungiyar B streptococci, staphylococcus aureus. Sau da yawa da wannan cuta ya auku a sakamakon fama da mura. Kwayan ciwon huhu da aka bi da tare da antibacterial kwayoyi. A tsanani lokuta, kamar matasa shekaru da haƙuri, arin zama dole. Kamar yadda hanyoyin da rigakafin yin amfani da lamba inganta nono har zuwa watanni shida (musamman nono). Yana da muhimmanci a bi sirri kiwon lafiya da kuma tsabta na cikin gida iska.

chlamydia

An kawai kwanan nan aka tabbatar da cewa da lãbãri a gare chlamydia kwayoyin. Abin da cuta pathogens ne kwayoyin cuta na nau'in? Da farko, za su iya haifar da conjunctivitis, ido, urogenital cututtuka, trachoma. A musamman irin Chlamydia sa ciwon huhu da kuma m na numfashi da ciwon ya kama. Da zarar a cikin rundunar cell, kwayoyin fara raba. A dukan zagayowar daukan game da 72 hours, sakamakon lalace Kwayoyin ana halaka. Musamman m ne irin wannan kamuwa da cuta ga mata. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar rasa haihuwa. Idan akwai wani kamuwa da cuta da chlamydia tayin, akwai wani babban yiwuwar mutuwa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yana da muhimmanci tafi, ta hanyar bincike kafin wani shirin daukar ciki, kamar yadda akwai sau da yawa irin wannan kamuwa da cuta auku bezsimptomno.

Mange da kuma sauran cututtuka

Popular sau da yawa, yan koyo suna mamaki ko kwayoyin cuta - pathogens scabies. Wannan shi ne haƙĩƙa, ba da harka. Wannan cuta, scabies, stimulates mite, wanda a lamba tare da fata fara hanzari ninka, haddasa itching. Kuma a nan ne mai wahala da wannan cuta - pyoderma, watau surkin jini rauni daga cikin fata - zai iya sa kwayoyin cuta cocci kungiyar. Kamar yadda magani amfani musamman man shafawa, da kuma disinfect tufafi da lilin.

Gaggawa tambaya na abin da kwayoyin cuta ne da causative wakili na hepatitis B? A general, hepatitis - a Generic sunan mai kumburi cutar hanta. Ƙwayoyin cuta sa su advantageously. Duk da haka, akwai kwayan hepatitis (tare da leptospirosis ko syphilis). Leptospira, Treponema - wadannan kwayoyin cuta ne causative jamiái na hepatitis.

Wani tsanani cuta - zazzabin cizon sauro. Cutar da ake daukar kwayar cutar da mutane ta hanyar cizon kwari (malaria sauro). Yana yana tare da zazzabi, ta ƙara hanta size (da yiwu baƙin ciki), high zazzabi. Idan lokaci ba ya fara jiyya, shi iya kai ga mutuwa. Pathogens - kwayoyin HALITTAR Plasmodium zazzabin cizon sauro. Don kwanan wata, akwai 4 iri kwayoyin. A mafi hatsari wanda zai iya haifar da zazzabin cizon sauro tropica. Kamar yadda ka gani, da kwayoyin cuta ne pathogens, wanda da tsanani da rikitarwa da kuma bukatar magani.