Wa? Ir? Ira da gas mask? Abin da ya rinjayi da sabuwar dabara mask a Rasha

I har yanzu ba su san wanda ya? Ir? Ira da gas mask. Babu yarjejeniya a kan wannan batu ba ya wanzu. Su m prototypes da aka yi amfani da a tsakiyar zamanai, a lokacin da likitoci amfani da musamman masks tare da dogon hanci. Suka sa ganye. Doctors yi imani da cewa shi zai iya kare su daga annoba da sauran annoba. More tsanani ga halittar mask mu gudanar a cikin marigayi sha tara - farkon karni na ashirin. Yana da alaka ba tare da yi na magani, da kuma tare da soja al'amura.

A takaice game da gas masks

Kafin ka san wanda ƙirƙira da gas mask, shi ya kamata a bayyana cewa shi ne. Wannan kayan aiki na tsare mai numfashi tsarin, kazalika da idanu da kuma fata.

Akwai iri biyu:

1. Tace - kare da wasu guba abubuwa. Yanzu wearer numfasawa na yanayi iska da cewa ya wuce ta tace.
2. Insulating - samar da mutum iska daga wani akwati cike da iyaka adadin oxygen.

Da sabuwar dabara masks aka hade tare da fitowan na wani sabon nau'in makami - mai guba gas. Ƙayyade abin da shekara ƙirƙira da gas mask, yana da wuya, domin a kan wannan na'urar daban-daban masana kimiyya aiki a duniya, a lokaci guda.

Da sabuwar dabara Lewis Haslett

Wa? Ir? Ira da gas mask? A cikin sharuddan Chronology farko na'urar, wanda yana nufin wani zamani gas mask shi aka ƙirƙira a 1847. Its marubucin ya Amirka Lewis Haslett.

A patent ba a kan ƙarya taken "na huhu Maji". Yana hada da wani gungu da kuma wani zane tace. Naúrar aka sanye take da bawuloli yi inhaling da exhaling. Yana za a iya lazimta cikin baki ko hanci.

Duk da haka, a lokacin farko Duniya ta bukatar wani karin abin dogara hanya don kare sojoji. Lokacin da Jamus suka fara gudanar da gas hare-hare, masana kimiyya ya fara aiki a kan kyautata na data kasance mask.

Wa? Ir? Ira da tace mask ga sojoji na yakin duniya na farko?

Da sabuwar dabara Nikolaya Zelinskogo

A cikin Rasha sojojin a lokacin da gas hari sojojin kare da numfashi tsarin amfani da wani gauze bandeji impregnated da musamman kayan aiki. Amfana daga irin wannan kariya ba su da wani. Yana da ya wajaba don ƙirƙirar wani tasiri magani.

Rasha sunadarai Zelinsky yanke shawarar amfani da matsayin tace kwal. A sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da ya isa ga Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa shi ne mafi kyau zuwa sha mai guba abubuwa Birch gawayi, wanda ya wuce da thermal jiyya.

Zelinsky ra'ayin kawo rai m Kummant. Ya sanya wani roba mask da fuska tam. Air an ciyar a cikin Airways ta hanyar da tace kashi. Da na'urar da aka halitta da 'yan watanni. A rukunin farko na gas masks aka aika zuwa sojoji a 1916. A cikin duka a lokacin yaki samar da rundunar sojojin Entente game da goma sha miliyan masks.

Duk da haka, Haslett da Zelinsky ba ne kawai suke yin ƙirƙira da gas mask. Sun kasance a cikin waɗanda suka yi aiki a kan janar batun. Yana da aka kare numfashi tsarin daga hayaki ko tururi mai guba.

Masks sauran ir

Akwai bayanai game da qirqire-qirqire a wasu yankuna dogon kafin na'urar Zelinsky kuma ko da Haslett.

Misalai na ira:

• A 1871, Ailan likita John Tundalls halitta a respirator, wanda aka kare ta inhalation na hayaki da kuma mai guba tururi cewa an saki a lokacin wata wuta.
• A 1891 Bernhard Lobbs halitta a respirator, wanda ya kunshi wani karfe bokiti. Yana da aka raba uku da bẽnãye.
• A 1901, akwai wani ƙura mask cewa rufe gaba daya a kansa. Iska ne, sun shige ta da carbon-tushen tace.
• A 1912, Garrett Morgan halitta a na'urar kare kashe gobara da kuma injiniyoyi da suka yi aiki a wani yanayi da wani babban taro na guba abubuwa. Ya jinjinawa Amurka kirkiro.
• Wani mask zane a Amurka, ya gabatar da kirkiro Alexander Draeger, wanda ya zo daga Jamus. Ya jadadda mallaka da na'urar a shekara ta 1914.

Yana da wuya a ce a cikinsa kasar ƙirƙira da gas mask. Its halitta da hannu biyu a cikin Amurka da kuma a Rasha. Duk da haka, ya fi na kowa a lokacin farko Duniya ya zama na'urar Zelinsky. Yana aiwatar ba kawai a Rasha, amma kuma a Ingila da kuma Jamus. The na'urar da aka gane a duniya, amma wannan Rasha masanin kimiyya sanã'anta kome.