Vlas Doroshevich, Rasha jarida, marubuci: biography, kerawa

Vlas Doroshevich - sanannen Rasha jarida kuma marubuci, daya daga cikin rare feuilletonists marigayi XIX - farkon XX ƙarni. Har ila yau, shi ne aka sani a matsayin mai zurfi da kuma Tsayayyar wasan kwaikwayo mai zargi.

biography columnist

Vlas Doroshevich aka haife shi a Moscow a 1865. Mahaifinsa kuwa dan jarida Sergei Sokolov, amma ya mutu matasa daga mai tsanani da rashin lafiya. Uwarsa aka kuma hade da adabi, ya samu wani gargajiya da ilimi a Smolny Institute, rayayye da aka buga a cikin babban birnin kasar periodicals.

Sunansa Vlas Mihaylovich Doroshevich zamar masa dole adoptive uba, wanda ya soma da shi a cikin watanni shida da haihuwa. Uwar bar danta a hotel, ba da kasancewa a shirye don kawo shi kadai, ba tare da mijinta.

Tsammani mafi uwa Doroshevicha kawai bayan shekaru 10. Duk da haka, duk da m yi, kotu gefe da mace, suka kawo ta ga wani watsi da yaro. Wannan episode ya bar ta mark a kan dukan rabo Doroshevicha. The jigo na shari'a, amma abin takaici yara tuni ya juya a kai a kai.

A shekaru 7 da haihuwa Vlas Doroshevich shiga Moscow makaranta yawan 4. A cikin 'yan shekaru na gaba canja da dama makarantu. Mafi na kowa dalilin fitar zama da miyagun hali da kuma reni ga dattawa da magabatansu. A ƙarshe ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare dalibi.

A makaranta Vlas Doroshevich fara yin hadin gwiwa tare Metropolitan jaridu. A farko wallafe ne a "Moscow Gazette" da "St. Petersburg jarida".

By Doroshevichi zo daukaka

Wannan shahararsa Doroshevicha ayyukan samu a karshen cikin XIX karni, sa'ad da ya ci buga a Odessa periodicals, mafi yawa tare da m ayyukansu.

Daga 1902 har da Oktoba juyin juya halin, ya aiki a matsayin edita na jaridar "Rasha kalmar", mallakar da sanannun m Sytin. A cikin wani gajeren lokaci Doroshevich sanya wannan edition daga cikin rare a kasar, da wurare dabam dabam na "Rasha kalmar" outnumbered duk sauran jaridu da mujallu.

A shekarar 1918 ya koma Sebastopol Vlas Doroshevich, biography ransa a 'yan shekarun nan da aka kai tsaye alaka da Crimea. Bai goyi bayan counterrevolutionary motsi da kuma bar a lokacin da rayuwar al'umma da kuma aikin jarida. A karshen yakin basasa, lokacin da yake rashin lafiya, ya ce da amincewa da Soviet iko. Ya koma zuwa Petrograd a 1921, inda ya mutu daga tukuna-farko da tarin fuka a cikin Crimea.

m ayyukansu

A cikin gida jarida Doroshevich shiga, fara buga m labaru. Wadannan ayyuka ne daga 1881, ya buga a "Moscow Gazette". Da farko a asirce.

A farko da aka sani labarin Doroshevicha kira "dauki fansa". Ya aka saki a cikin babban birnin kasar mujallar "The Wave". Its marubucin aka jera Uncle Vlas. A wannan ambata, ya fara marubucin shafi "Diary of a layman." A gaskiya ma, ta yi fun na "Notes layman" wallafe-wallafen zargi Nikolaya Mihaylovskogo. Duk da haka, nan da nan je rufe a farko bazawa Doroshevich soki Rasha aikin jarida saboda da babban birnin kasar, kai tsaye ake zargi, a cikin halittar al'ada kayan.

Saboda haka Doroshevich bayyana sha'awar 'yancin kai da kuma unacceptability na m aikin jarida. A cikin wadannan wallafe riga bayyana kaifi m bayanin kula, mai rai kalma da kuma dabara sarcasm cewa raka shi kara m labaru da kuma sauran littattafan da.

satires Doroshevicha

A babban rawa wajen ci gaban na Rasha aikin jarida ya taka Vlas Doroshevich. Satires rubuta ta da shi, har yanzu dauke da wani abin koyi a cikin wannan salo. Domin wannan ya aka ma lakabi da "Sarkin m labarbaru."

Ya basira harhada da dama nau'o'i - siyasa ƙasida, shirin labari, satirical monologue da yawa wasu. Ya kafa nasa style "short layi", godiya ga wanda samfurin samu dunkule, madaidaici kuma mai kuzari. Ya bar shi rare a lokacin verbosity, influencing ba kawai 'yan jarida na lokacin, amma kuma a kan marubuta.

A sau Doroshevicha jarida litattafan zama daidai da girma Rasha adabi, godiya ga wani m da kuma meticulous aiki tare da kalma. Manyan tafki Doroshevicha satirical articles kishin wasan kwaikwayo. A cikinsu, ya kare ka'idojin hakikanci a art, sharply sukar lalacewar, wanda a wancan lokacin ya shiga cikin gindin dukan rukunonin} ungiyoyi.

Odessa lokaci

A 1893 Doroshevich koma Odessa. A nan sai ya zama mai columnist a "Odessa leaf" babbar lardin jarida. Domin cikin hanyar shi aka ɗauke ta daga farko littafin, ya soki shugaban birnin. The rawa ya da karfi da cewa ko da Doroshevichi ya ga wasu lokaci zuwa bar Odessa da kuma komawa zuwa St. Petersburg.

Bayan watanni 6, ya koma, kuma ya ci gaba da wallafa ya satires Odessa har 1899. Babban jigogi, wanda ya biya da hankali ga, ne burokrasi na hukumomi a ƙasa, Bafilisten hadisin marasa bege na kasuwa da kuma 'yan kasuwa don yin kudi a kan kome. A daidai wannan lokaci shi abubuwa nemawa da talauci da talakawa, m da m shugabannin.

A nan ne ya ja hankalin na demokra] iyya kawo dukkan Vlas Doroshevich. Odessa harshe ne rayayye amfani da su a skits, ya samu yabo daga wajen Gorky. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda, da yawa zamani marubuta soki Doroshevicha cheeky style.

Tun 1895 Doroshevich farawa a "Odessa leaf" to buga rahotanni a kan su waje tafiyarka, yin batu ko da mafi m. Ya tafi zuwa Amurka, inda ta aika da yawa satires da makala game da gida bourgeois mores.

"Anecdotal lokaci"

A daukan hankali misali na zanen columnist wanda ya shahara Vlas Doroshevich - "anecdotal lokaci." Wannan satirical yanki, rubuta a 1905.

A da shi marubucin ta nanatawa da ƙarfi soki bayyana cravings a duk kuma duk abin da ya gaya barkwanci. A dukan batutuwa, kuma daga dukan nau'i na sassa na yawan jama'a. Magana, da in Rasha a farkon karni XX, bisa Doroshevicha maye gurbin vysokosvetskuyu basira hira, da tattauna game da halin da ake ciki yanzu a kasar. Maimakon haka, kowa da kowa yana kokarin yin ba'a.

A wallafe-wallafen soirees da receptions ba babbar kasida da su sabon ayyukan, ko wasanni na gargajiya music, kuma ubangijinsu ya gaya sabo ne da labaru. "All rayuwa ne ya juya a cikin wani m magana," - baƙin cikin shine lura marubucin.

"The hali na cin naman mutane"

Wani karin lampoon, wanda ya rubuta Vlas Doroshevich - "The hali na cin naman mutane." A mataki faruwa a cikin gari Zavihryayske. Yana duk fara da bacewar sanda m Siluyanova. Ya dogon lokaci ba zai iya samu, da kuma shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa m Semipudovy bayyana yadda cin kek bace. Duk da haka, abin da ya faru na gaba ba tuna, saboda ya bugu sosai. Yana nan da nan da aka tsare bisa zargin cin naman mutane.

A wannan yanayin, shi ne bayyananne ga mai karatu cewa cake heroes ci tare, kuma ba shirya m mincemeat na Siluyanova. Duk da haka, babu wani daga cikin haruffa a cikin labarin, ba su fahimta.

A wannan aikin Doroshevich sharply sukar aikin na tilasta bin dokokin, kazalika da kotuna da kuma masu kara. Yana nuna su da cikakken gazawarsa da jahilci. Bright nuna da kuma lardin gari hali. M Siluyanov karshen bayyana yarda cewa duk da wannan lokaci soundly bugu. Kuma ya sosai mafi kyau bayyana hanyar da ya yi fushi a lokacin da ya ga littafin, a wani commoner. A wannan alama labarin ya nuna da yawa al'amurran da jama'a a wancan lokaci. A cikin wani karamin satirical ayyukan da ya rufe al'amurran da suka shafi al'adu, ilimi da kuma tilasta doka, da tsayawa a kowane m matsala na kowane daga cikin wadannan yankunan.

Duk da haka, babban darajar da wadannan satirical articles da aka rubuta don masu karatu tare da wani matakin ilimi ga fahimtar ci mutumci da kuma marubucin bane ne mai sauki, kuma marubuci, kuma handymen. Wannan musamman jama'a aiki Doroshevicha.

"Bautar"

Kulawa ta musamman a cikin aikinsa Doroshevich biya tafiya zuwa Sakhalin. Akwai, sai ya tafi a 1897, aiki a cikin "Odessa leaf". Tare da shi muka tafi, ya nanata ma'aikata. A sakamakon wannan tafiya ya da muqala, marubucin wanda ya Doroshevich Vlas - "bautar". Yana da aka gaske ya bayyana dukan rai na tukuru. Kuma mafi muhimmanci - da tsoro da kuma yanke ƙauna da ke jiran su a kan Sakhalin. Kuma ba kawai fursunoni, amma kuma free of gida mazauna.

Doroshevich gaya mai yawa da labaru game da laifuka ga wanda a cikin daki-daki nuna ta hanyar rayuwar mutane ta samu a nan ta daure.

A 1903, ya tattara shi a cikin wani guda littafin makala "Sakhalin", wanda taka rawar gani a cikin samuwar juyin juya halin Musulunci jin zuciya a kan Hauwa'u na 1905. Littafin dakatar da kwace, amma komowar ruwa da aka riga a guje.

Doroshevich da "Rasha kalmar"

Mafi mashahuri Doroshevich samu da aiki a cikin "Rasha kalmar". A 1902, ya zama ta edita, Gyara na yammacin Turai irin. Wannan jarida ta zama mafi salla-dabam dabam periodicals a Rasha.

Asiri na nasara ya low cost, high dace da Frames. Bugu da kari Doroshevicha a "Rasha kalmar" rubuta Giljarovsky, Nemirovich-Danchenko da wani amphitheater.

Ya zama editan Doroshevich nada a kowane sashi na mutum ma'aikata, kamar yadda aka aikata a cikin jaridu na Ingila da Faransa. A shugaban kowane sashen ya sa a raba edita. Kowane aiki rana ta fara da wani safe shiryawa tarurruka don tattauna aikin da tsare-tsaren da kuma rawa halitta ta karshe daya.

Number ya wuce zuwa buga game da 22 hours, amma latest news kai tsaye da gudummawar da aiwatar da bayarwa har zuwa 4 ƙarfe da safe. Yana da aka haka gudanar ya cimma unprecedented a lokacin responsiveness.

Da tsare-tsaren sun kafa Doroshevicha wakilinmu cibiyoyin a cikin manyan birane na kasar Rasha.

A rabo na juyin juya halin Doroshevicha

A 1917 Doroshevich zauna a Petrograd. A wannan lokacin ya riga ya tsanani da rashin lafiya da kuma kawai lokaci-lokaci lectured a waje da 'yan jarida na yesteryear. A rabo daga Faransa juyin juya halin, da ya ga ban tausayi da ta misali aka ƙoƙarin yi gargaɗi da Sahaban, to abin da zai iya kawo abubuwan da suka faru na Oktoba juyin juya halin.

A farko, ya kasance da juyin juya hali, magana a cikin latsa sukar ideas na Lenin da Bolsheviks. Daga baya, duk da haka, ya gane da Soviet ikon da Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin ta aiki ko da buga. Amma bayan rushewar kungiyar ayyukansa karshe bace daga shelves.

tasiri Doroshevicha

Masu bincike sun lura da wani babban tasiri, wadda Doroshevich da a Rasha adabi da kuma aikin jarida. Shi ya ta'allaka ne a ci gaba da yawa jarida nau'o'i, wani sabon tsarin kula da su. Wannan ya shafi musamman zuwa wani labarin.

Kansa style "short line" ya zama wani abin koyi ga da yawa daga cikin Sahaban kuma magadansa.