Vasily Zhukovsky: a takaice biography da kerawa

Za ka so ka sadu da irin wannan shahara mawãƙi Vasily Zhukovsky? Brief biography shi zai iya jan hankalin magoya na wallafe-wallafe. An fara a matsayin sentimentalist, Zhukovsky ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Rasha romanticism. Da shayari yake cike da hotunan na rare almarar, melancholy mafarkai. Vasily Zhukovsky fassara ayyukan George. Byron, Schiller, "The Odyssey" by Homer. Mun bayar da mafi matsahi na saba da rayuwarsa da kuma aiki.

Origin V. A. Zhukovskogo

Vasily Zhukovsky aka haife tare da. Mishenskoe Tula lardin 01/29/1783. Mahaifinsa, {ungiyar AI, Bunin shi ne mai masauki na kauye, kuma uwarsa - fursuna Turkish mace. Vasily Zhukovsky samu da kuma sunan mahaifi na sauran Bunin, Andreya Grigorevicha Zhukovskogo. Bunin iyali jim kadan kafin a haifi mawãƙi sha wahala mai tsanani da baƙin ciki: a cikin wani gajeren lokaci na 11 ne suka mutu, shida, ciki har da kawai dan karatu a lokacin a cikin University of Leipzig. Maria G., heartbroken, a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da dansa yanke shawarar daukar wani jariri da iyalinsa, kuma don su tashe shi kamar ɗanta.

Nazarin a B & B

Ba da da ewa, yaron ya zama fi so na dukan iyali. A shekaru 14, Basil shiga jami'a dakunan kwanan dalibai a Moscow. Ya yi karatu a can for 4 years. Fensho ba m ilimi, amma a karkashin shiryarwar malamai dalibai sau da yawa a tattara karanta su wallafe-wallafen abubuwan. A periodicals buga mafi kyau daga gare su.

A farko ayyukansu

Ba da da ewa ya wallafa farko ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. Tarihinsa da aka alama halarta a karon a buga a 1797. A farko da aka buga aiki - "Zamantakewa a cikin kabarin." Yana da aka halitta a karkashin ra'ayi da mutuwar V. A. Yushkovoy. Duk da yake karatu a gidan baki (daga 1797 zuwa 1801) wadannan Zhukovsky halittun da aka buga: a 1797 - "Ko Morning" a 1798 - "Nagarta", a 1800 - "The World" da "K Tibullus", a 1801 - " don mutum, "da sauransu. A duk su mamaye melancholy rubutu. Mawãƙi burge cikin transience dukkan duniya abubuwa, da fragility na rayuwa, wanda da jũna a gare shi cike da wahala da hawaye. Wannan yanayi ya yafi saboda da wallafe-wallafen dandani na lokaci. Gaskiyar cewa na farko da ayyukan Vasily bayyana a lokacin da da yawa ganin darajarsa "Poor Liza" Karamzin, da aka buga a 1792. Akwai m imitations.

Duk da haka, ba duka bayyana fashion. A yanayi na haihuwar Vasiliya Zhukovskogo ba a manta da wani, ko da kansu. Ya na da wani shubuha matsayi a cikin al'umma. Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka na mawãƙi ba farin ciki.

A farko translation, da koma kauye

By lokacin karatu a gidan baki kuma samar farko fassarar Zhukovsky - labari "The yaro a rafin" Kotzebue (1801). Vasily Bayan kammala daga cikin shakka daga binciken da ya koma, amma nan da nan ya yanke shawarar sauke shi. Ya zauna a Mishenskoe su ci gaba da ilimi.

Creativity 1802-1808 shekaru

A 1803, an rubuta kuma aka buga Zhukovsky labari "Vadim Novgorodsky." Yana nuna cewa a game da wannan lokaci, da mawãƙi soma nazarin tarihin zamanin da Rasha.

A lokacin rayuwarsa a cikin ƙasa (1802-1808) kusan bai buga ayyukansa Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. Tarihinsa alama ta bayyanar 'yan sabon halittun. A cikin "Journal of Turai" da aka sanya a cikin sanannen 1802 "Karkara hurumi" - remake ko wani free translation na Gray. Wannan aiki nan da nan janyo hankalin da hankali. Naturalness da kuma sauki sun zama sabon bude daga cikin lokaci, ko da lokacin da mamaye stilted na karya-classicism. Around lokaci guda Zhukovsky halitta a "Marina Garka" - da labarin, rubuta a kwaikwayo na "Poor Liza".

Vasily a 1806 amsa zuwa ga jama'a-spirited "Bard songs kan akwatin gawa na Slavs-cin nasara." "Lyudmila" ya bayyana a cikin 1808. Shi ne mai remake na samfurin "Lenora" Burger. Shi ne tare da Ballad "Liudmila" a Rasha adabi zama romanticism. Vasily riƙo cewa gefe, inda yake da marmarin zurfi a cikin tsakiyar zamanai, duniyar na da Legends, kuma tatsuniyoyi.

Zhukovsky karfafa ta nasarar "Lyudmila". Adaptations da fassara daga wannan lokaci ci gaba da bi daya bayan daya. Vasily fassara mafi yawa German kasida. Kuma mafi nasara da ya halittun suna da alaka da ayyukan Schiller. A wannan lokaci Zhukovsky halitta da kuma asali ayyukansu. Akwai, misali, kashi na farko na waka "Sha biyu barci budurwai" da ake kira "Stormbreaker", kazalika da dama litattafan articles.

Motsi zuwa Moscow, Editorial aiki

A daidai wannan lokaci da ya zama editan "Bulletin na Turai" Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. Taqaitaccen Tarihin ya alama da tafi zuwa Moscow yin aikin. Shekaru biyu da suka ci gaba Editorial aiki, daga 1809, da makamantansu to 1810. A farko Vasily yi aiki shi kadai, sa'an nan tare da Kachenovsky. Je zuwa šauki da koma har abada "Herald na Turai".

Cardiac wasan kwaikwayo Zhukovsky

Bayan haka, Zhukovsky ya kõma zuwa ga kauyen da ya rayu a nan mai zurfi zukatanmu wasan kwaikwayo. A 'yan shekaru da suka wuce ya fara tare da nieces, da' ya'ya mata E. A. Protasovoy, ƙarami ya na mai masauki Bunin. Catherine Afanasyevna widowed jim kadan kafin da kuma zauna a Belyov. Vasily Protasov passionately kaunace Mary, da mazan da almajiri. Favorite motifs ya lyrics ne mafarkai juna soyayya da iyali farin ciki. Duk da haka, da ji na Zhukovsky zarar samu wani melancholy sautin. Zumunta ya yi wannan soyayya a idanun wasu ba zai yiwu ba. Saboda haka ya zama dole a hankali boye ya ji. Kawai a poetic outpourings shi ya sami hanyar fita. Duk da haka, ba tare da tsoma baki tare da kimiyya karatu Zhukovsky. Ya da musamman himma soma nazarin tarihin, Rasha da kuma duniya, kuma ya samu cikakken ilimi.

"Singer a sansanin Rasha sojoji" da "Svetlana"

Zhukovsky a 1812, ya yanke shawarar tambaye hannun Marii Protasovoy mahaifiyarta, amma samu wani lebur ƙi. Hana auren zumunta. Vasily jim kadan bayan haka ya tafi zuwa Moscow. Ga shiga cikin mayakan Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. A takaice game da kwarewa ba za mu iya ce da wadannan. Fascinated da m babbar sha'awa cewa sojojin Rasha da aka kama a zango a Tarutino Zhukovsky rubuta "Singer a sansanin Rasha sojoji." Wannan aiki nan da nan ya zama sosai shahara. Yana sayar fita a dubban lists daga cikin sojojin da kuma dukan na Rasha. New Zhukovsky Ballad "Svetlana" kuma na nufin da 1812 Rasha Duk da gabatarwa, a cikin wannan aiki da aka ɓullo da muradi "Lenore" Burger.

Rayuwa da kuma aiki na Zhukovsky a kotu

Ba dogon ci gaba soja rayuwa Vasiliya Zhukovskogo. Ya fadi rashin lafiya tare da typhus a marigayi 1812 da ya yi ritaya a watan Janairu 1813. A 1814, akwai wani "Message zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna Alexander," bayan da Empress Maria Feodorovna so Zhukovsky zo a St. Petersburg. Maria Protasov a 1817 aure Farfesa Mayer. A Zhukovsky ta shayari, kuma daga baya zai sauti mafarki na soyayya. Duk da haka, ta kasance a cikin matalauta kiwon lafiya da kuma a 1823 da ta mutu. Zai manta da Mary Protasov da kuma samun rayuwa da abokin tarayya Vasily Zhukovsky? Biography of nan gaba shekaru za su ba ka amsar wannan tambaya.

Base rubutu na Zhukovsky ta shayari

"Bege Love," "tsammãni cikin nesa," "baƙin ciki da ba a sani ba", "wallahi baƙin ciki na rabuwa" - wadannan su ne ainihin bayanin kula daga cikin shayari na Vasily. A yanayi na kusan gaba daya dogara a kan sufi yanayi na Zhukovsky, ya sa ta unrealized mafarkai na soyayya. Saboda haka, yanayi na lokaci, rinjaye a cikin al'umma m wallafe-wallafen dandani, kazalika zai yiwu ya zo da sirri ji na mawãƙi ne. Zhukovsky yin naka halittar romantic sentimentalism ciki ƙwarai kumbura kasa adabi, affirmed masa. Duk da haka, masu tasowa, a cikin ayyukansu, sabon dalilinsa, ya bi umarnin da na yafi sirri ji.

A mawãƙi Vasily Zhukovsky dauki daga na da romanticism ne cewa a ajiye tare da nasa sufi da mafarkai da kuma burin jama'ar. The darajar aikinsa shi ne cewa shayari Zhukovskogo gabar da ake lokaci guda bauta muradun adabi ci gaba. Subjectivism shi ne wani muhimmin mataki wajen kau da fi'ili kerawa na psevdoklassitsisticheskogo sanyi. Zhukovsky gabatar da duniyar adabi, ciki rayuwa, ta yau, iyalinsu kusan ba a sani ba.

A lokaci daga 1817 zuwa 1841 - lokacin da Vasily rayu a kotu. A farko, ya kasance malami ne na Rasha harshe. Dalibinsa sun Duchess Elena Pavlovna da kuma Alexandra. Kuma tun 1825 Vasily ya zama malami na Alexander Nikolaevich, magaji a kan karaga. A wannan lokaci sau da yawa na tafi kasar waje Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. A mawãƙi tafi can duka biyu a kan kasuwanci da kuma magani.

Travel Zhukovsky da sabon ayyukansu

Zhukovsky ayyukan bayyana a wannan lokaci kamar yadda idan da hatsari. Alal misali, za Switzerland da Jamus, a cikin kaka na shekarar 1820, Vasily fara a Berlin ga fassarar Schiller ta "Maid na Orleans". A 1821 ya sauke karatu tare da karrama. Kuma wahayi zuwa gare ta Chillon Castle, located in Switzerland, da aka kafa fassara ga "fursuna na Chillon" Byron (1822).

Vasily Zhukovsky ciyar da hunturu na 1832-33 gg. a Lake Geneva. A yawan fassarorin na sa'iqi, Schiller, Uhland, wurare "Iliad" da sauransu. Bayyana a lokacin. Vasily tattaki zuwa Rasha a 1837 da kuma wani ɓangare na Siberia da magaji a kan karaga. Kuma a cikin 1838-39 biennium. ya tafi tare da shi, da kuma a yammacin Turai. Zhukovsky a Roma ya zama m tare da litattafan Gogol, wanda kawo ci gaban sufi da yanayi a baya aiki.

aure

Classes tare da magajin ƙare a spring 1841. A tasiri cewa yana a kan shi Zhukovsky, ya da amfani. Yanzu ga amsa tambaya na yadda akwai sirri rayuwa Vasiliya Zhukovskogo. A Frankfurt a kan Afrilu 21 1841 ya faru da aure da Vasily (da shi, to, haƙĩƙa shekaru 58 da haihuwa) tare da wani 18-shekara ya na da mai zane-zane Reitern, ya madugun aboki. Zhukovsky ciyar karshe shekaru 12 na rayuwarsa a Jamus tare da iyali na matarsa.

Vasily Zhukovsky: biography na karshe shekaru

A shekara ta fari ta rayuwar aure, ya rubuta tãtsũniyõyin "Tulip Tree", "Puss a Boots", "Game da Ivan Tsarevich da Gray Wolf". Translation of "The Odyssey" (na farko girma) ya bayyana a cikin 1848, da kuma na biyu - a 1849. Waka "The yawo Bayahude", da rashin alheri, bai gama ba Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. Taqaitaccen Tarihin ta iyakar a Baden-Baden a 1852, a kan 7 ga watan Afrilu. Wannan ke nan a lõkacin da ya rasu Vasily. Ya bar matarsa, 'yar kuma wani ɗã. Amma ba kawai su. Great m wasiyya bar mana Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich.

Kerawa ne wani ɓangare na makaranta manhaja a wallafe-wallafe. Works of Vasily kuma har yanzu yaba da yawa, da kuma amfani a cikin mutum aka ba ta kasu ba. Ga ku zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga biography daga cikin manyan Rasha mawãƙi Vasily Zhukovsky. Kerawa, mun bayyana ne kawai a takaice, amma shi ya cancanci a cikakken nazari. Ci gaba sani da wannan mawãƙi, shakka daraja shi.