Unmanned m motocin. Features drones

A view of mafi yawan mutane, ba alaka jirgin sama, unmanned m motocin ne mafi nagartaccen version na rediyo-sarrafawa model jirage. A wata hanya, hanya shi ne. Duk da haka, da aiki da wadannan na'urorin sun kwanan zama haka bambancin cewa shi za a iyakance ga irin wannan ra'ayi sun iya ba babu kuma.

A farkon zamanin unmanned

Idan muka magana game atomatik m da kuma sarari m-sarrafawa tsarin, da theme ne ba sabon. Wani abu shi ne cewa a cikin wannan ƙarnin da suka bayyana wasu fashion. A da ginshikin, da Soviet jigila "Buran" sanya wani sarari jirgin ba tare da matukan jirgin da kuma ya sauka lafiya a yanzu m 1988 - guda drone. Photography surface na Venus da yawa kimiyya data a wannan duniyar tamu (1965) kuma shirya a wani atomatik kuma telemetry yanayin. Kuma Rovers ne daidai da Ganin cewa na unmanned fasaha. Kuma da yawa wasu nasarori na Soviet kimiyya a sarari kansu. Daga ina ya tashi ya ce fashion? A fili, shi ne sakamakon da gwaninta na fama da yin amfani da irin wannan kayan aiki, da kuma ya kasance mai arziki.

Da farko, unmanned m motocin mafi sau da yawa amfani ko dai a matsayin mai horar da manufa, ko kamar yadda tashi bama-bamai. Shi ne a cikin ta farko uku na XX karni, da kuma matsayin da aka kiyaye har zuwa karshen karni (ba kirgawa kumbon sama jannati). Air hasarori a cikin Vietnam War tilasta Pentagon jagorancin tunani game da yadda za a rage jikkata. A wannan sharudda prompted to a fara ci gaban sarrafawa daga ƙasa jirgin sama da wuraren constructors Isra'ila kamfanonin.

rarrabuwa na UAVs

A farko mataki na ci gaba da wannan aji Aerotechnica drones sun unmanaged. The fasaha juyin juya halin da kuma software ci gaba ba Yunƙurin ga halittar tashi mutummutumi aiki a kan sa algorithm. A wasu kalmomin, irin wannan na'urar kamata sa'an nan kuma fara yin wani jirgin a kan wani ba hanya a daidai tsawo, gyarawa a kan gina-in lantarki rikodi kayan aiki game da ƙasa halin da ake ciki a karkashin reshe, ya je ya dawo zuwa wurin farawa kuma saukowa. A bambance-bambancen da watsa shirye-shirye data a real lokaci a kan duba da aka samun kan iska, amma ga dukan hari a ma'aikata management tsari, wanda yake a cikin abu tracking, ba ya tsoma baki. Domin duk da isa yabo na wannan dabarar, shi yana da wani gagarumin aibi. Ƙirƙirar shirin cewa zai rufe duk yiwu yanayi, ba shi yiwuwa. Sa'an nan kuma akwai wata uku hanyar warware kociya ayyuka - telemetry. Matukin jirgin ne a ƙasa, kallon halin da ake ciki ta hanyar da ginanniyar kyamarar da aka rikodin dole bayanai da kuma yin yanke shawara kazalika da matukin jirgi na wani al'ada jirgin sama. Wannan hanya ake kira mugun-piloted. Ya, ba zato ba tsammani, da kuma amfani da kayan wasa, rediyo iko model, duk da haka, quite tsada (suka kudin daruruwan kuma wani lokacin dubban daloli).

Experience a cikin yin amfani da sabon fasaha ya samu Isra'ila tsaron Forces (IDF) a lokacin da 1973 yaki. Unmanned m motocin amfani ga aiki da hankali, amma manyan size da kuma nauyi na video kayan aiki a lokacin iyakance yiwuwa na wannan kayan aiki. Duk da haka, shi ne a Gabas ta Tsakiya kasar kafin kowa ya gane da hange na m-sarrafawa jirgin sama, wanda kuma ya shafa a nan gaba nasarar Isra'ila zanen kaya.

ban mamaki iri-iri

Bincike yanki na aikace-aikace ba a iyakance. Inzhenery American soja-masana'antu hadaddun tafi a kan. Bugu da kari malorazmernikov, suka sãmi wani ma'ana bayani samar da tura robotic tsarin, da kuma ko da mayakan. Hakika, waɗannan inji zama babban don gudanar da makamai a daruruwan kilo nauyi. Girman fanni kumbura kuma a gaban shugabanci. Unmanned jirgin sama tare da kula kyamara za a iya masked da wani tsuntsu ko kwari, aikin a cikin wannan shugabanci ne riga underway, da kuma babban cikas a kan hanya zuwa ga nasara - da ajizanci na zamani ikon kafofin, wanda ya taimaka da uku-girma motsi na samfurin a cikin 'yan kwanaki. A halin yanzu, "kwari" (a zahiri hankali) tashi a kan lokaci, auna a hours.

A warware matsalolin zaman lafiya

Sun kasance a bukatar, ba kawai soja amma kuma farar hula drones. Prices ne quite high (dangane da sanyi da kuma damar UAVs tehnichsekih iya kudin ko'ina daga daya zuwa dubban daloli), amma su yi amfani da shi ne ta fuskar tattalin arziki m. Bincike na yanayi, da search for wadanda kuma rasa a dutsen climbers, kima na kankara yanayi, da shugabanci na yaduwa daga wuta a gandun daji gobara, lawa motsi a lokacin volcanic eruptions, kuma da yawa wasu ayyuka suna ko da yaushe a yi ta hanyar jirgin sama. Matukan jirgin da kuma kayan kasance a hadarin yin hatsari manufa, da kuma shan la'akari da kudin na man fetur da kuma depreciation, jirage masu saukar ungulu da kuma jiragen sama, ya zama a sarari so yin amfani da mugun sarrafa ko robotic aerosistemy.

Domin kariya daga kan iyakoki da kuma kula da hijirarsa a yau ma sau da yawa amfani drones. The United States yana da dogon iyaka da Mexico, inda kasar na kokarin ba da izini ba Sneak cikin mafi kyau aiki illegals, kuma a mafi mũnin - da smugglers ɗora Kwatancen da kwayoyi. Similar matsaloli zama a Rasha, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan da kuma wasu kasashe. Invaluable taimako a yaki da farautar iya samun unmanned m motocin. Amma su da abũbuwan amfãni kamar low amo, low mataki na ganuwa, kananan size, duk da haka suna more janyo hankalin zuwa kasar ma'aikatar tsaron a duniya.

Kadarorin UAVs

Soja drones samu a cikin sama wuya fiye da al'ada jirage masu saukar ungulu ko. Da fari dai, su za a iya sanya kananan, kuma abu na biyu, duk da fasahar tabbatar da low ganuwa a kan radar allo, tambaya ga wannan dabarar. Amma dai ba duka. Idan dole, irin wannan jirgin sama zai iya zama quite tsanani da kuma masu girma dabam. Babban amfani da interceptor aiki a robotic yanayin ne da ikon yin wani horar ba tare da tsoron cewa matukin zai rasa sani saboda babban cunkoso. Wannan shã'aninku prompted jagorancin Amurka Air Force yi fare a kan drones. Amurka zuba jari a cikin ci gaban irin wannan makami mai yawa kudi, commensurate tare da GDP na wasu kasashe. Yau yana da wuya a yi hukunci da sakamakon da kokarin a filin na faɗa jirgin sama, bayani game da su shi ne kadan, wanda akwai biyu yiwu karshe: ko dai da gwajin don haka nasara da cewa su ya kamata a kiyaye asirin, ko su ne don haka talauci. Lokacin da wannan na biyu embodiment ne mafi m. Game da nasu nasarori Pentagon readily ce, ko da sun yawanci exaggerates.

Unmanned hari da jirgin sama "predator"

Amma mayar da hankali - tasiri drone. Wannan irin makami aka yi amfani a lokacin da aiki da Libya (2011). Mun yi amfani da ya fi na kowa type, predator, da ciwon isasshe mai kyau halaye. Yiwuwar gudanar da wani abin jifa ga harbe-harben a ƙasa hari ko shiryar da bama-bamai, high (fiye da 7 da dubu. M) rufi rama domin mun gwada low gudun. Sarrafawa daga ƙasa tashoshin, da kuma kwanan nan ko da aiki fitar da yiwuwar m piloting daga sansanoninsu a cikin ƙasa na Amurka, ta hanyar tauraron dan adam links. Irin wannan bayanai zavyazannost wani lokacin ba ko da yaushe wasa a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin bukatun da kasashen da ban sha'awa fasaha ci gaba. A lokacin wani bincike manufa kan kasar Iraqi a shekarar 2008, daya daga cikin "predator" samar da bayanai ba kawai ga sojoji, amma kuma kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye. Sai ya juya daga shi bazata, bayan kama daya daga cikin 'yan bindiga, wanda ya samu a kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka kwamfuta tare da video. Don karanta video rafi amfani da software ci gaba a Rasha.

A lokacin da ya soja, "predator" sha wahala asarar. Mun kawo su saukar a kan {asar Yugoslavia, Iraki da kuma Afghanistan. Da dama guda aka karya saboda piloting kurakurai da kuma fasaha matsaloli. A halin yanzu, irin wannan shiri ba m UAV. Duk iya ko saya wadannan jiragen. A farashin dogara ne a kan sanyi, duk da haka, da kuma mafi fadin version of "toys" za kudin, a cikin bakwai-adadi dollar adadin (game da miliyan biyar).

.

Drones duk ƙasashe

Amurka jagorancin jajirce wajen soja da fasaha magabaci, imani da cewa mafi hadaddun yãƙi dabara, don haka shi ne ya fi dacewa. Wannan ba ko da yaushe gaskiya, amma a kimantawa da yuwuwar wata fasaha samfurin kamata la'akari da moriyar masana'antun. Yau, da yawa soja manazarta , ya bayyana cewa rawar da UAVs a real yaki halin da ake ciki ne mai girma, amma mahimmanci yana da wuya a kira, ko da tare da babban mike. Su, ba shakka, taimaka ƙasa sojojin, amma cikakken tabbatar da nasarar iya ba, wanda aka kaikaice tabbatar ba nasara sakamako na US Army ta kamfen a Afghanistan da kuma Iraqi. Duk da haka, kasashe da dama sun shiga tseren, manufar wanda ya haifar da mafi m tashi robot. Features drones bambanta dangane da ayyuka da za su fuskanta ba.

A mafi girma nasarorin a cikin wannan filin na aikin injiniya da ya sa mutanen Isra'ila. A nan, ba shakka, suna da muhimmanci fasali na Gabas ta Tsakiya yaki gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Nisa ne kananan, bincike aikin wajibi ne a kusan real lokaci. Da farko, babban bukatar a TTD drones kafa da taki na ci gaban wannan aji na makamai, da kuma yanzu duk kasashe ne a hadarin gida rikice-rikice, kokarin yin amfani da kwarewa na Isra'ila, sayen kayan aiki, ko yin nasa ci gaba. Wadannan sun hada da Turkiya, India, Birtaniya, kusan dukan Turai NATO kasashe mambobin kungiyar da kuma, ba shakka, Rasha.

Kasadar drones a Rasha

Yana da bakin ciki da nuna cewa, a dace kima na yiwuwa na wannan aji na makamai a cikin kasar samu nan da nan. Mafi yawa daga cikin m nasarori na soja,-masana'antu hadaddun a da ginshikin ne har yanzu Soviet zane, wanda abin da ya falalan tababbe, kamar wani fasahar, don obsolescence. A lokacin gwamnati na ma'aikatar tsaron Serdyukov a kan Rasha drones shi ya kashe wani m adadin - biyar biliyan rubles (game da $ miliyan 170), amma sakamako ya fadin. A cikin kalmomin da ministan, wani kwatanta da waje misalai na cikin gida da aukuwa ba su tafi ba. Duk da haka, kasancewar kuma ajizai drones mafi alhẽri daga da cikakken rashi. A daidai wannan lokaci (2009) aka yanke shawarar farko saya a Isra'ila, sa'an nan da co-samar da wadannan na'urori bincike dalilai.

A jimla da kwangila ga Aeronautics Tsaro Systems kamfanin sanya fiye da $ hamsin da miliyan (12 guda). Wadannan biyar UAVs "Orbiter" sãɓã wa jũna daga baya kumbura sanyi, don haka sun fi tsada, a 600 dubu. Ga kowanne.

Abin da za a iya yi la'akari da kwarewa da mafi nasara kasashen, ba za a gauraye da wasu matsaloli warware kawai da m wajen. M raka'a dual-amfani, samar da hadin gwiwa iya kawai ba da farko impetus ga Rasha samar. Sai da na ɗauki kan kamfanin "kirar Tupolev", da nufin haifar da wani tasiri a drone hadaddun Tu-300. Akwai sauran aukuwa, a yanke shawara a kan sayan wanda aka yarda da Ma'aikatar Tsaro a kan wani m-akai.

Adadin kasafin kudin kudi kasaftawa ga shirin da fasaha matakin na cikin gida da tsaron tattalin arziki da damar mu mu fatan cewa nan da nan da Rasha drones zai zama mafi kyau a duniya. Ko, a kalla, ba zai yarda da wani abu to waje analogues. Na musamman sha'awa ne inji tsara don lantarki yaƙi.

Kuma da yadda za a yi amfani da shi?

Management UAV ne kamar yadda na musamman kamar yadda ya saba sana'a matukin jirgi. Tsada da kuma wuyar inji za a iya sauƙi karya saukar zuwa ga ƙasa, da yin wani m saukowa. Yana yiwuwa a rasa a sakamakon wata kasa rawar daji ko maƙiyi wuta. A matsayin al'ada jirgin sama ko jirgin, drone dole ne kokarin ceton da kuma fitarwa daga hadari zone. A hadarin, ba shakka, ba iri daya ba kamar yadda a cikin hali na "live" da matukan jirgin, amma kuma jefa tsada kayan aiki ba lallai ba ne. Yau, a mafi yawan kasashen, malami da kuma horo ayyukan gudanar da gogaggen matukan jirgin wanda ya yi tsiwirwirinsu iko da UAV. Sun yawanci ba sana'a malamai da kwamfuta kwararru, duk da haka, wannan dabarar ne mai wuya ci gaba ga tsawo. Bukatun ga "rumfa matukin" bambanta da shafi nan gaba ɗan jam'iyyar kadet kudin shiga ga jirgin makaranta. Yana iya zaci cewa gasar daga cikin masu nema a kan wani sana'a "UAV sadarwarka" zai zama babba.

The m kwarewa na Ukrainian

Ba tare da faruwa a cikin harkokin siyasa bango na amfani da makamai rikici a gabashin yankuna na Ukraine, shi ne zai yiwu a lura da musamman a samu nasara a gudanar da wani iska bincike jirgin sama An-30 da kuma An-26. Idan na farko daga cikin wadannan da aka tsara musamman don m daukar hoto (mafi yawa m), na biyu - kawai gyara na fasinja kai An-24. Dukansu jirgin sama da aka harbe saukar da mayaka wuta. Amma abin da game da drones a Ukraine? Me ya sa suka ba su yi amfani da su samu bayanai a kan wurin da dakarun 'yan tawaye? Amsar mai sauki. Su ne ba.

Kan bango na dindindin rikicin kudi a kasar yana nufin dole ga halittar zamani makamai, aka iske ba. Ukraine drones zauna a mataki na farko kayayyaki, ko sauki na gida da na'urorin. "Pilotage" Wasu daga cikin su suna tattara daga rediyo-sarrafawa model jirgin sama, saya a kantin sayar da. Hakazalika, aiki da kuma masu dauke da makamai. Ba haka ba da dadewa a kan Ukrainian talabijin da aka nuna da ake zargin downed Rasha drone. Photo, wanda ya nuna a kananan da kuma ba da mafi tsada model (ba tare da wani lalacewa) zuwa ga artisanal hanya a haɗe kamarar bidiyo, za a iya wuya zama wani hoto na wani m soja ikon da "arewacin makwabcin."