UEFI - cewa yana da wani bootable USB fitar Uefi ?. girkawa Uefi

Mutane da yawa na yau iri-manufacturer na hardware aka gyara domin PC, kazalika da "software" nẽman samar da goyon baya ga kayayyakin UEFI dubawa. Wannan software bayani da aka tsara don zama wani zabi ga saba wa da yawa magoya na kwamfuta kayan aiki shigar-fitarwa tsarin - BIOS. Mene ne bayani dalla-dalla na wannan software? Mene ne nuances halayyar da damar amfani?

Mene ne UEFI

Ka yi la'akari da muhimman bayanai game da UEFI. Abin da irin ci gaban? UEFI - wannan shi ne na musamman dubawa wanda aka kafa tsakanin OS shigar a kwamfutarka da software da alhakin low-matakin ayyuka na PC hardware aka gyara.

Wani lokacin ake magana a kai a matsayin BIOS UEFI. A wannan lakabi, a hannu daya, akwai wasu kuskure, saboda BIOS - wani software bayani da cewa aiki a kan daban-daban ka'idojin. UEFI da aka ɓullo da Intel, BIOS - da software da ta wanzu a dama versions cewa suna goyan bayan daban-daban brands.

A daya hannun, manufar da BIOS kuma UEFI - kusan guda. BIOS UEFI - ƙa'ida, da magana ne ba quite daidai, amma ba su jitu da dabaru na software da kuma hardware kwamfuta iko lissafi mai tsauri.

Bambance-bambance daga UEFI BIOS

Amma abu na farko da muka kula - shi ne a sami bambance-bambance tsakanin "m» BIOS da kuma "classic» UEFI. Gaskiyar cewa muna da la'akari da wani software bayani ne positioned a matsayin mafi m madadin ga BIOS. Mutane da yawa masana'antun na ci-gaba motherboards ga kwakwalwa kokarin samar da goyon baya ga dacewa da irin software daga Intel. Saboda haka, da bambance-bambance tsakanin UEFI da BIOS, za mu iya waƙa, bincika, na farko, da shortcomings na biyu tsarin.

A farko drawback na BIOS - cewa wannan tsarin ba zai iya samar da wani karin tasiri amfani da faifai sarari a kan manya-manyan "wuya tafiyarwa" - mãsu ƙetare a cikin adadin 2 terabytes. Lalle ne, a 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, irin yawa cewa faye hali da damar wuya DISKs, ya zama kamar ma m, saboda PC masu yi ba musamman mayar da hankali a kan rashin da ya dace BIOS. Amma a yau "rumbun kwamfutarka" na fiye da 2TB ba zai mamaki da wani. PC masu fara jin cewa shi ne lokacin da za a canja wa UEFI-cewa yana da wani haƙiƙa larura, dangane da sababbin dabarun da fasahar trends.

Wata sifa ta wannan BIOS - a cewa, tana goyon baya da iyaka adadin farko partitions a kan rumbunka. Bi da bi, UEFI-aiki tare da 128. A cikin tsarin da sabuwar software mafita daga Intel aiwatar da wani sabon bangare tebur - GPT, wanda a zahiri ba ka damar amfani da alama fasaha amfani UEFI.

Tare da duk alama da bambance-bambance na sabon software yanayi ci gaba da Intel, da kuma na al'ada da shigar-fitarwa tsarin na BIOS, ainihin ayyuka na dacewa yanke shawara, da dukan wasa. Fãce a fundamentally sabon tsaro algorithm a UEFI, da ainihin bambance-bambance tsakanin tsarin ne ba yawa. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa sabon software dandali sa ya fi sauƙi ga load da tsarin aiki, wasu ce cewa shi ne kawai dacewa ga Windows 8. Bari mu bincika, a gaskiya, da tsaro tsarin aiwatar a cikin UEFI-, more.

New Security Technology

Mene ne gaba na sabon tsarin UEFI BIOS - wannan matakin tsaro. Gaskiyar cewa akwai ƙwayoyin cuta da za a iya aiwatar da a kan-guntu, wanda rattaba kalma BIOS lissafi mai tsauri. Bayan cewa - shi ya zama mai yiwuwa ga load da tsarin aiki tare da ci-gaba mai amfani hakkin, wanda ya buɗe m dama ga dan gwanin kwamfuta. Bi da bi, da sabon bayani daga Intel aiwatar da kafaffen download - UEFI samar da wani dace algorithm kira Secure Boot.

Ya dogara ne a kan yin amfani da musamman keys, wanda dole ne a bokan da manyan brands na IT-kasuwar. Duk da haka, kamar yadda masana lura, in yi, wadannan kamfanonin ba su da yawa. A musamman, game da goyon bayan da ya dace zabin dillalai na Tsarukan aiki, shi cikakken goyon bayan da shi kawai Microsoft aiki tsarin da kawai a Windows 8. Akwai kuma shaida ga bayar da shawarar cewa da karfinsu na sabon tsaro tsarin da aka aiwatar a wasu rabawa na Linux.

Amfanin UEFI

Babu shakka cewa sama da disadvantages BIOS - ne a lokaci guda, da abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin sabon software bayani. Duk da haka UEFI shi halin da yawan sauran muhimmanci abũbuwan amfãni. Bari mu auna su.

Da farko, shi ne mai sauki don amfani, da ilhama da kuma aikin dubawa. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ya gane da linzamin kwamfuta support - wanda ba na hali ga BIOS. Har ila yau, da yawa versions na UEFI (BIOS, wannan zabin ne ma ba peculiar) samar da Rasha ke dubawa.

A lissafi mai tsauri bayar da sabon software bayani damar loading Tsarukan aiki a mafi yawan lokuta, muhimmanci da sauri fiye da lokacin amfani da BIOS. Alal misali, Windows 8 shigar a kan kwamfuta da UEFI support, za a iya ɗora Kwatancen - bayar da isasshen CPU yi da sauran key hardware aka gyara - a zahiri 10 seconds.

Daga cikin sauran manyan abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin dauke software mafita da samar da dama IT-kwararru - mafi sauki, a kwatanta da BIOS sunadaran, da algorithm updates. Wani amfani zaɓi ne UEFI - gaban a tsarin ta mallaka download sarrafa, wanda za ka iya amfani da idan ka PC yana da fiye da daya tsarin aiki.

Saboda haka, fasaha abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin sabon software PC iko dubawa, wanda aka tsara da Intel, mu gane. Major brands na hardware aka gyara domin PC samar da karfinsu na "baƙin ƙarfe" tare da UEFI - Gigabyte, Asus, SONY. A miƙa mulki ga sabon tsarin, yana dauke da yawa IT-masana, shi iya juya a cikin wani kwari fasaha Trend. The damar da ya miƙa ta duniya IT-al'umma, Intel, ɓullo da UEFI-, iya zama m ga manyan masana'antun na software da kuma hardware aka gyara domin PC. Musamman cewa dacewa fasaha UEFI zabin da goyon baya mafi girma a iri a cikin kasuwar domin Tsarukan aiki.

Facts game da Secure Boot

Bari mu bincika da abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin Secure Boot fasahar goyon UEFI. Menene wannan ra'ayi? Wannan yarjejeniya kwamfuta kafaffen taya, wanda aka tsara domin kare tsarin, kamar yadda muka gani a baya sama, daga ƙwayoyin cuta. Duk da haka, domin su cika hannu na keys cewa ana amfani da wannan yarjejeniya dole ne a bokan. A lokacin, wannan qa'idar da aka hadu sosai 'yan brands-dillalai. Daga cikin wadanda - Microsoft kamfanin, da su aiwatar da goyon baya ga dacewa lissafi mai tsauri a Windows 8.

Yana iya lura cewa, wannan al'amari a wasu lokuta, iya wahalad da kafuwa a kan wani PC cewa yana gudu UEFI-, sauran aiki tsarin. Idan kana da shigar Windows - UEFI-iya har yanzu zama wasu biyayya ga cewa - amma a yanayin da cewa OS ne kusa yadda ya kamata zuwa ga daya shigar da manufacturer na kwamfuta. Zaka kuma iya lura cewa wasu Linux rabawa ma jituwa tare da Secure Boot zaɓi.

Amma ko da idan ta nagarta na aikin loading da sabon OS za a haramta tsarin a UEFI dubawa tsarin samar da ikon musaki Secure Boot lissafi mai tsauri. A fili yake cewa a wannan yanayin da tsarin aiki loading ba zai zama as lafiya, duk da haka, da ya dace zaɓi a kowane lokaci don sake kunna da fara aiki da Windows 8.

Abin da Tsarukan aiki ne cikakken jituwa tare da UEFI?

A sosai rare lokuta, mutum IT-kwararru samun kafuwa a inji mai kwakwalwa tare da Secure Boot madadin OS. Alal misali, an san cewa shi ne rubuce yiwu ga sa Windows 7 a kan wasu kwamfyutocin tare da goyon bayan UEFI BIOS. Asus - ciki har da masana'antun na inji mai kwakwalwa. Amma shi ne wajen wani banda ga mulkin. A general, da low Yiwuwar wani cin nasara shigarwa na Windows ko wasu bugu na 8. Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka gani a sama, wasu Linux rabawa ma jituwa tare da UEFI zabin.

Features UEFI saituna

Ka yi la'akari da wasu daga cikin nuances na saituna dauke software mafita daga Intel. An ban sha'awa zaɓi - BIOS UEFI tsẽre nufi. Abin da irin damar? Lalle ne, a cikin wasu juyi na UEFI aiwatar da lissafi mai tsauri a kan wanda kwamfuta iko da aka shirya a daidai da sunadaran da cewa yana amfani da shigar-fitarwa tsarin, shi ne mai tarihi precursor zuwa UEFI.

Dangane da PC, wannan hanya za a iya kira a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan ko Legacy Launch CSM. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani ƙunci da yadda za a kafa wani misali UEFI taya yanayin.

Nuances samun damar zuwa UEFI

Wani mai ban sha'awa cewa shi ne amfani don lura - akwai babban adadin versions na UEFI. Sun iya bambanta ƙwarai a cikin PC bayar da daban-daban brands. Saboda haka, samuwar wasu siffofin kan daban-daban kwakwalwa iya bambanta muhimmanci. Sau da yawa, misali, cewa a lokacin da kwamfuta da aka ba a nuna menu cewa ba ka damar shigar da UEFI saituna. Amma a cikin wannan harka a Microsoft Windows, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi bayar da madadin yiwuwar da kuma sauke zabin. Dole ne ka zama a cikin "Settings" da kuma kunna wani zaɓi "Special taya zažužžukan."

Za ka iya sa'an nan sake yi - kuma za ka ga dama zaɓuɓɓuka saboda PC download. Akwai wani madadin hanya don samar da damar yin amfani da dacewa zabin UEFI. Ya aiki a kan da yawa inji mai kwakwalwa. Wajibi ne a farkon na kwamfuta, latsa QShortcut saukewa. Bayan haka, menu a tambaya ya kamata a bude.

Bayani dalla-dalla na aikin a daban-daban halaye,

Ya kamata a lura da cewa wani canji a cikin al'ada mode na aiki a UEFI Legacy, kyawawa, amfani da zama dole shirye-shirye da bukatar kashe Secure Boot, ko aiki tare da BIOS tsẽre, kuma a farko damar hada UEFI dubawa tare da dukan dace zabin. In ba haka ba, Windows 8, kamar yadda muka gani da wasu IT-kwararru iya ba a fara. Duk da haka, da yawa PC kamar babu matsala. Wasu brands na masana'antun suna al'amurra PC management tsarin lissafi mai tsauri da cewa taimaka UEFI yanayin don kunna ta atomatik. A wasu model, da PC aka aiwatar da matasan yanayin, a cikin abin da UEFI tsarin taya daga duk wani kafofin watsa labarai, kuma idan ya cancanta za a iya gudu BIOS daidaitowa. Bambance-bambance a UEFI versions iya ɗauka cewa kashe Secure Boot yanayin a al'ada aiki na software mafita daga Intel ba zai yiwu ba. Domin wannan shi ne zama dole a kowane hali ba dama da BIOS tsẽre aiki.

UEFI taya da kuma itace

A wasu lokuta, masu amfani da bukatar download da tsarin aiki daga wani USB drive. Babban wahala ne cewa ciwon format wanin FAT32, UEFI bootable flash drive ba a gane. Amma wannan matsala za a iya samu nasarar warware. Ta yaya?

Saboda haka, da tsoho bootable kebul na flash drive for Windows tsara a cikin NTFS fayil tsarin, wanda ba ya gane UEFI. Saboda haka, babban aiki - tabbatar da cewa daidai hardware bangaren da aka tsara a cikin fayil tsarin na duniya - FAT32. Mafi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa da dama IT-masana an dauke rabu amfani. Amma da misali na daya daga cikin mafi m software mafita, abin da shi ne haƙĩƙa, UEFI-, za mu iya gano dacewa misali ga kwanan wata.

Kebul na flash drive to kora a UEFI yanayin: Aka gyara

Abin da muke bukata domin za a gane su ta wajen UEFI bootable flash drive ba tare da wani matsaloli? Da farko, shi ne, a gaskiya, a kan da kansa USB-drive. Yana da kyawawa da cewa iyãwarsa ya ba kasa da 4 GB. Shi ne kuma kyawawa don muhimmanci fayiloli a kan shi ba sanya, saboda dole mu yi gaba daya format flash drive. Next mu bukatar wani bangaren - rarraba Windows. Bari wannan zama ta 64-bit version na Windows 7. Wata sifa ta UEFI, wanda shi dole ne a ce - a 32-bit tsarin aiki daga Microsoft, da tsarin ba goyon baya.

shiri na itace

Idan muka alama gyara, za ka iya fara aiki. Na farko, saka da kebul na flash drive a cikin USB-tashar jiragen ruwa. Sa'an nan - bude wani umurnin m, a Windows ke dubawa. Wajibi ne, a cikin wannan yanayin, cewa mai amfani da shugaba yancin. Ta hanyar umurnin line kana bukatar ka gudu da DISKPART shirin - kawai ta buga wata kalma. Bayan haka, dole ne ka shigar da jerin faifai umurnin, wanda zai nuna maka a jerin tafiyarwa yanzu a cikin tsarin. Wajibi ne a sami wani USB-sanda. Idan shi ne a cikin jerin karkashin lambar 2, to, kana bukatar shigar da umurnin seleck faifai 2.

tsara sanda

Next kana bukatar ka format da kafofin watsa labarai. Don yin wannan, rubuta da umurnin tsabta. Bayan da ka bukatar ka ƙirƙiri wani primary bangare a kan faifai. Wannan za a iya yi ta hanyar buga haifar da bangare na farko. Bayan wannan sashe ya kamata a halitta yi aiki. Don yin wannan, shigar da umurnin aiki. Za ka iya sa'an nan nuna wani jerin partitions. Don yin wannan, shigar da umurnin line jerin girma. Mun sami bangare cewa an halicci da mu. Idan aka jera a lambar 3, sa'an nan shigar da umurnin zaži girma 3. Sa'an nan kuma ka bukatar ka format da shi zuwa FAT32 tsarin. Don yin wannan, shigar da umurnin format FS = fat32. Base bootable kafofin watsa labaru kamar haka - shirya. Amma dai ba duka. Dole ne ka sanya wani drive wasika zuwa flash drive. Wannan za a iya yi tare da Raba-aiki da umurninSa. Bayan haka, irin mafita da kuma fita daga umurnin line.

Record rarraba a kan wani kebul na flash drive

Bayan duk na sama matakai, dole ne ka kwafa da rarraba Windows 7 a kan wani kebul na flash drive. Wannan kuma za a iya yi via umurnin line. Ta yaya? A saboda wannan dalili na musamman tawagar - xcopy. Kana buƙatar shigar da shi, sa'an nan - to saka da drive don magance rarraba, saka alamar *, saka da wasika wanda yayi dace da akwai don saukewa a cikin UEFI flash drive, sa'an nan shigar da umurnin alamomin kari / s / e. Sa'an nan wajibi ne in je ta hanyar wani umurnin line a kan itace. Babu bukatar samun a cikin directory efi \ microsoft \ kora. Ba dole ne a kofe zuwa cikin efi \ taya directory. Sa'an nan kuma ka bukatar ka kwafa fayil kira bootmgfw.efi a fayil efi \ taya, sa'an nan a sake suna da shi - a bootx64.efi fayil.

Aiki tare da memory stick aka kammala. UEFI faifai da FAT32 fayil tsarin, wanda muka kawai tsara da flash drive, za a iya gane ba tare da wani matsaloli. Haka kuma, yana yiwuwa ka shigar a kan PC Windows 7. Hakika, bayar da cewa UEFI zabin kashe algorithm Secure Boot, wanda ta haramta shigar a kwamfutarka tsarin aiki, wanda ya bambanta daga Windows 8.