Tushen ƙwararren aikin injiniya: Hanyar damuwa na Nodal

Hanyar damuwa na nodal shine lissafin na'urori na lantarki wanda masu canzawa sune dabi'un da ke damuwa a cikin ƙananan sarƙoƙi da suka haɗa da ƙirar asali. A lissafai ake harhada a kan tushen farko Kirchhoff ta dokar, wanda damar don rage yawan lissafai zuwa darajar k-1, inda k - yawan kewaye nodes. Ana amfani da wannan hanya idan yawan rassan wutar lantarki ya fi biyu. Hanyar matakan nodal ya samo aikace-aikacen a cikin shirye-shiryen kwaikwayo na kwamfuta na na'urori na lantarki, saboda sauƙin algorithm don kirkirar ƙira.

Nodal damuwa ne ƙananan kewayawa tsakanin nau'in ƙuduri wanda ba a yarda da shi (wanda ake tsammani yiwuwar zama zero) da kowannensu. A kan zane-zane, ana nuna alamar nunawa a matsayin alaƙa.

Yi la'akari da hanyoyi daban-daban don lissafin na'urorin lantarki

Dalilin wannan hanyar shine a warware tsarin tsarin daidaituwa ta hanyar amfani da nauyin kowane ɓangaren ɓangaren zagaye na ƙira don ƙirar ƙira. Bayan wannan, ana lissafta hanyoyin ta amfani da ka'idar Ohm, wato, ana ƙayyade dabi'u na rassan dukkan rassan.

Ana kirga ma'aunan sarƙaƙƙiya cikin jerin masu zuwa:

1. An tsara zane mai zane, tare da dukan abubuwan.

2. An sanya kayyadadden alamar ƙira. Kuma an bada shawara a zabi irin wannan kumburi, wanda yawancin rassan sun haɗa.

3. Saita sabani shugabanci na igiyoyin a dukan rassan, wanda aka denoted a cikin zane.

4. Don ƙididdige yiwuwar ƙwayoyin da suka rage game da ƙirar amsar da aka zaɓa, an haɗa tsarin tsarin daidaitawa.

Daidaitawar irin wannan tsarin zai kasance kamar haka:

U1G11 - U2G12 - ... - UsG1s - UnG1n = Σ1EG + Σ1J

-U1G21 + U2G22 - ... - UsG2s - UnG2n = Σ2EG + Σ2J

........................................................................................

U1Gn1 - U2Gn2 - ... - UsGns + UnGnn = AGG + A, inda:

• G shine jimlar nauyin rassan da aka haɗa da kumburi;
• U - darajar ƙananan ƙirar;
• ΣEG shi ne lissafin algebraic na dabi'u na samfurori na haɗin rassan da suke kusa da kumburi, a kan halayensu. (A cikin yanayin idan EMF ke aiki a gefen kumburi, to an sanya samfurin a alamar "+", a cikin akwati - "-".)

Tsarin lissafin da aka bayyana a sama yana sanya sauƙin lissafta dabi'un da ake so akan matsalolin nodal. Yana da suna - tsarin tsarin nodal. A cikin shari'ar idan tsarin wutar lantarki mai haddasawa ya ƙunshi nau'in n-th na nodes, ya wajaba a tattara adadin nodal daya kasa da yawan nodes. Ganin cewa an rubuta dukkan daidaitattun bisa ka'idar Kirchhoff na farko, dole ne a yi amfani da ƙididdigar lissafi na musamman na tushen lantarki. A cikin akwati inda kewaye qunshi wani irin ƙarfin lantarki source, dole ne a maye gurbinsu da m halin yanzu kafofin. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya rubuta jimlar nodal a cikin nau'i nau'i.

5. An daidaita tsarin tsarin lissafi game da matsalolin ƙwayoyin, ƙayyade dabi'u.

6. Bayan haka, ga kowane reshe, duk dabi'u na lantarki a cikin kewaye an ƙayyade dabam bisa ga dokar Ohm.

I = (Na - Ub + ΣEab) / ΣRab, inda:

• Ni ne darajar yanzu na reshe na kewaye;
• Ai ne mai yiwuwar kumburi a;
• Ub ne mai yiwuwa na kumburi b;
• ΣAab ita ce lissafin algebraic na reshe da aka ba;
• ΣRab shi ne jimlar lissafi na tsayayyar wani reshe mai suna.

Hanyar haɓaka na nodal ga jerin da kunshi nau'i biyu

Lokacin da aka kirga na'urori na lantarki da suka ƙunshi nau'i biyu kawai, tsarin tsarin lissafi zai kunshi nau'i daya daga wanda zai yiwu a lissafta adadin wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci:

U = (A cikin Gn + a) / ΣmGm, inda:

• ΣnEnGn shine lissafin algebraic na dabi'un samfurori na samfurori na rassan a kan halayyar wadannan rassan;
• ΣnJn shi ne lissafin algebraic na dabi'u na samfuran yanzu;
• ΣmGm shine jimlar lissafin abubuwa na dukkan rassan tsakanin nodes.

Hanyoyin haɓaka na nodal suna da amfani da lissafin ilmin lissafi: saukaka lissafi da kuma raguwa mai yawa a cikin yawan ayyukan aikin lissafi.