Tarihi da kuma gani da Bern

Me ka sani game da birnin Bern (Switzerland)? Wuri da ta ban mamaki iri-iri, da kuma Legends hade tare da su, ƙara haske launuka. Abin da ya ba da dalilin sunan gari? Mene ne tarihin ta asali, da kuma cewa ya kamata shakka a gani a wannan birni - duk wannan za ka koya daga wannan labarin.

Berne

Mai suna birnin ne da babban birnin kasar na Switzerland da administrative cibiyar na Canton. An located a gefen arewa na Alps a kan kogin Aare, a cikin tsakiyar yankin na Switzerland.

Ya na zaune a nan game da dubu 140, mutane. Bern - babban kudi da siyasa da cibiyar, kamar yadda a nan suna located duk muhimmanci gwamnatin gine-gine da kuma babban bankin na Switzerland.

Akwai biyu tãtsũniyõyin da sunan "Bern". A farko yana magana kan consonance da kalmar "haifa» (Bär) - da dabbobi, wanda ya kafa Berne kashe a farko farauta a wadannan wurare. Na biyu - da shi ya danganta da sunan ga Verona, Italiya, a matsayin birnin da aka sani a cikin kusa sirri dangantaka da Gentlemen na Verona. Kuma uku, mafi m jarrabawa ne labari yayi magana da Celtic kalmar nan "dutse» (bren), wanda daga baya kawai sake shirya da haruffa.

Tarihi na gari

A ƙasa na zamani Bern aka zaune a cikin II karni BC Celtic kabilu. Sa'an nan d ¯ Roman yarjejeniya da aka a cikin wadannan sassa. A 1191, Duke Berthold V kafa birnin Bern. Duke bai bar magada da ƙasashensu ya wuce zuwa Frederick II - da sarki na Ruhu Mai Roman Empire. Bernie bayyana matsayi na na sarki birni.

Kuma a cikin XIII karni, shi samu da hakkin ya kai gwamnati, godiya ga karya ne sufaye tattara bayanai "Golden Yarjejeniya na Bern." The Yarjejeniya furta a matsayi na na sarki birnin da m yancin.

A 1353 Bern ya zama wani ɓangare na Swiss "Union takwas ƙasar." Duk da haka, ba yarda da irin wannan rabo, ya rayayye kare hakkokin shekaru 35, bayan da duk da haka sami 'yancin kanta, kasancewa mafi iko mai tsayi birnin kasar.

Bern jan hankali, description

Ba dole ne a ce cewa image na bear ne wani ɓangare daga cikin birnin. Ya dade aiki a matsayin wani heraldic adadi na Bern, kuma aka hade da shi da labari da kafa da matabbatarsu. A mafi emblematic wuri na gari ne da ake kira Bear Rami, ko Berengraben. Wannan shi ne wani kyakkyawan wurin shakatawa tare da wani moat inda rayayyu ibãdar Bern rayuwa.

A babban birnin kasar na Switzerland ne sau da yawa ake kira City na Fountain. Akwai fiye da 100, kuma mafi yawan su ne har yanzu a cikin XVI karni. Lalle, wannan shi ne mafi ban sha'awa gani na Bern. Suna asali gina a matsayin ruwa Madogararsa, amma a kan lokaci ya fara wasa da muhimmancin ado zane na titunan gari - kowane daga cikinsu ya gaya wa wani labarin daban-daban.

Fountain a cikin girmamawa da kafa birnin da aka yi a cikin wani nau'i na mutum-mutumi na Berthold a na da makamai, wanda yake a zaune bear ƙafafunsa. Daga cikin m yawon shakatawa ba za su zamewa kuma marmaro Runner kusa Nideggskoy Church, Standard Ɗaukar, kusa da ma'aikatar magajin gari, kazalika da marmaro Musa da dokokinsa a hannunsa, ko marmaro na Littafi Mai Tsarki gwarzo - Samson.

Idan akai la'akari da babban jan hankali na birnin Bern, kada ka manta don ya dauke kansa up, da kuma - a kan facades na gine-gine akwai lalle ne m sculptures, NUNA tseren handicraft ayyuka na tsohon mazauna gidaje.

tsohon garin

A 1405 Bern aka mugun lalace ta hanyar wuta. Sake gina birnin kammala kawai a XVII, tun a nan kuma akwai marẽmari kuma arcades. Don yau bayyanar da babban birnin kasar kusan ya canza ba, kuma a shekarar 1983 da UNESCO kungiyar yana gadi na tarihi cibiyar, inda akwai kusan duk gani na Bern.

Mike daga tashar cibiyar ne Shpitalgasse titi, sarƙoƙi da Marktgasse, Kramgasse da Gerehtikaytgasse. A farkon titi ne a coci Shpitalgasse Hayliggaystkirhe yi Baroque da kuma kafa a XVIII karni. A titi ƙare a gada Nideggbryukke inda view ya buɗe babban birnin kasar Skyline.

Barenplats (Bear yanki) ne tsakiya yanki na Old Town, shi ya ƙunshi Kefigturm hasumiya. Kuma Kornhausplats square ne wani marmaro tare da wani m sunan "Kindlifresserbrunnen" tsara don tsorata da kadan masu zunubi.

Ba a ma maganar gani kamar Berne Tsitlogge - Tower da astronomical nan kowane lokaci. Kowane hour Figures a kan su zo da rai, da nuna yawon bude ido da ban mamaki view: da carar zakara, za ka wawa hits Gong tafiyar beyar, jarumi buga wani kararrawa, kuma m zaki kallon wannan mataki.

Protestant coci

Gine-gine da waɗansu alãmõmi Bern nuna da dama styles daga Gothic ga Renaissance da Baroque. Saboda haka, a kudu na Old Town ne Gothic babban coci. Its yi ya fara a 1421 amma aka ba su kammala. Sun ci gaba da gina ta ne kawai a 1889.

Steeple Haikali yana da tsawo na game da mita 100, da kuma babban kararrawa diamita 247 cm weighs 10 ton. Bas-taimako a ƙofar na 200 manyan da kananan sassaka, dake nuna hoto na Last iyãma.

Tu babban coci ne sosai fili. A cikin sau da canji ya dauki ma'adanin na image, amma, an yi sa'a, da furniture na XVI karni da kuma mawaka an kiyaye.

A zamanin d akwai gilashi windows na babban coci labarun Littafi Mai Tsarki scenes daga Tsohon Alkawali, kazalika da batutuwa na heraldry hukuncin birni iyalansu. Daya daga cikin mafi abin tunawa akwai gilashi aka kira "Dance" ko "Dance Mutuwa". Ana nufin tunatar da jama'a cewa kowa da kowa yana jiran daya aukuwa.

ƙarshe

A XII karni, shi lullube wani ban mamaki labarin da Bern. Tare da gani na wannan birni ne m. Farin ciki yawon shakatawa sami nan marẽmari ado da sabon abu sculptures na Renaissance, tsohon jin dadi tituna, kyau gothic da Baroque majami'u da kuma sansanin soja hasumiyarki. Kuma baicin, da suke zaune a Bern bears zauna!