Taimako na Ukraine: fasali, fasali da halaye

Rashin taimakon Ukraine ya bambanta. Akwai kusan kome da kome: duwatsu da filayen, caves, canyons, remnants na coral reefs har ma dunes dunes! Menene babban fasali na taimako na Ukraine? Menene ma'adanai ke samuwa a cikin jinin wannan ƙasa? Karanta game da wannan a cikin labarinmu.

Fasali na taimako daga Ukraine da manyan siffofinsa

Yawancin ƙasar na cikin cikin mafi girma tsarin - Filayen Gabashin Turai. Kawai a yamma, kuma a cikin matsananci kudu na Ukraine falalen duwãtsu na matsakaici tsawo. Gaba ɗaya, kimanin kashi 95 cikin 100 na ƙasar na filayen filayen, kuma kashi 5% ne kawai suke shagaltar da wuraren tsaunukan dutse.

Ba'a iya nuna alamar taimako ga Ukraine ba tare da ambaci mafi girma da mafi ƙasƙanci a ƙasa ba. Don haka, a cikin Carpathians na Ukrain, a kan iyakokin yankin Transcarpathian da yankunan Ivano-Frankivsk, shine mafi girman dutse na kasar - Goverla. Tsawonsa mai tsawo shine mita 2061. Kowace shekara dubban 'yan Ukrainians suna hawan taron. Amma a kusa da Kuyalnytsky estuary (Odessa yankin) shi ne mafi ƙasƙanci mafi ƙasƙanci na Ukraine (mai nisa mita 5 daga teku).

Kasashen Duniya a kan ƙasashen Yammacin Yamma sun samo asali ga miliyoyin shekaru, a lokuta masu yawa na tarihi. Har ila yau, ci gabanta ya rinjayi sabuwar ƙungiyar tactonic, da kuma gwaninta da yawa. Saboda da topography na Ukraine shi ya sa mai girma bincike da gaske ban sha'awa. A cikin karni na ashirin, saurin aikin tattalin arziki na mutum ya bar ta a kan shi.

Kalmomin taimako na Ukraine suna cike da bambancin su. A nan akwai duwatsu da filayen kwari, tsaunuka da duwatsu. Karst, gangami, Aeolian, rushe-ruwa, glacial da biogenic - dukkanin siffofin taimako zasu iya samuwa a sassa daban-daban na wannan ƙasa.

Babban halayyar taimako na Ukraine

Dangane da layi, dukkanin ƙasar Ukraine za a iya raba kashi biyu zuwa kashi biyu: banki mai kyau, inda cikakken tsawo na ƙasa ya fi mita 200, da kuma hagu na bangon, wanda girmansa ba ya wuce mita 200 a saman teku.

Babban fasali na taimako na Ukraine a yankin banki na dama shi ne yawan adadin tayi, manyan bambance-bambance a cikakkun wurare a ƙasa, da kuma karamin karuwar siffofin karst. A gefen hagu, sassan sassa na duniya sun fi girma, tare da ragowar kogi da kyau da kuma cibiyar sadarwa mai zurfi da gullies.

Kusan dukan yankin arewa na Ukraine an shagaltar da Polesie lowland tare da matsakaicin mita 100-250. Sai kawai a arewacin Zhytomyr shi ne kudancin Slovene-Ovruch da matsakaicin mita 316. Daga cikin gandun daji da na fadin wannan lowland, akwai lokuta masu sauƙi da na tallafin rairayi.

Yawancin ɓangaren Yammacin Yammacin Ukraine suna da ƙuƙwalwa ta Podolsky Upland, da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka (Voronyaki, Gologory da sauransu). A nan an samo Khotyn Upland tare da mafi girma a cikin sashin ƙasa - Mount Berda (mita 515).

Taimakon gabashin gabashin Ukraine shi ne mafi yawa a fili. Wannan dan kadan dan kadan ya rabu da rukunin Donetsk, Priazovskaya, da kuma Ruwan Tsakiya na Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Rasha, wadanda suka shiga yankin ƙasar a arewa maso gabas. Kusan dukkanin kudancin Ukraine (da kuma arewacin yankin na Crimean) yana da zurfin teku mai zurfi mai zurfi, wanda yawanta ya kai daga 80 zuwa 120 mita.

Taimakon Ukraine ba wakilci ba ne kawai ta hanyar filayen, amma har ma da dutsen dutse. A cikin yammacin kasar nan Carpathian Ukrainian ne, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i da yawa.

Bayani game da ma'adanai na kasar

{Asar Ukraine ta kasance cikin manyan kasashe goma a cikin jihohin da aka yi da ma'adinai da albarkatun kasa. Babban arzikin kasar nan ita ce ƙarancin baƙin ƙarfe tare da wani babban abu na ƙuri'a. Ana ajiye ɗakunan ajiya ne a cikin Kwangilar Krivoy na baƙin ƙarfe. A hakar mai kyau a nan tun ƙarshen karni na XIX.

Gaba ɗaya, a cikin Ukraine akwai fiye da 20,000 adadin fiye da daruruwan ma'adanai daban-daban. Daga gare su, da kwal, lignite, kibiritu, iskar gas, potassium gishiri, da baƙin ƙarfe, da manganese ores, phosphorites, granites, Marktl, amber da sauransu.

Rashin taimako da ma'adanai na Ukraine suna da alaƙa sosai. Sabili da haka, babban ma'adinan na kanada yana mai da hankali ne a cikin rukunin Donetsk, man fetur da gas - akan Poltava. An yi amfani da manyan ƙarfafawar ƙarfe da manganese ores a cikin zanga-zangar kariya a kan Dnieper Upland. Abinda ke cikin Podolsky Upland yana da wadataccen kayan arziki a wasu kayan gini.

Podil Upland

Podolsk Upland - orographic tsarin, wanda bautarka game da 15% na yankin na Ukraine. Yawan kudancin kudanci kuma sun shiga yankin Moldova. Babban mashigin dutse shi ne Mount Kamula (mita 471). Matsakaicin matsakaicin mita mita 300-350 ne.

The Podolskaya Upland an hada da yafi na limestone, sandstone, Slate da marls. Saboda haka, kayan aiki da yawa suna aiki a nan. A cikin jin dadin girman tayi, ana iya ganin mutane masu yawa: Opole, Gologory, Voronyaki, Mountains Kremenets, Toltry da sauransu.

A cikin Podillia Ukrainian karst yana da yawa. Sai kawai a kuducin Ternopil yankin akwai kimanin 100 caves. Daga cikin su, kogon filastar mafi tsawo a Turai shine Kyau mafi kyau. An kiyasta tsawon jimillarsu a kilomita 250.

Black Sea lowland

Kogin Black Sea lowland yana kusa da kudancin Ukraine, daga Izmel zuwa Berdyansk. Yana da ɗakin kwana kuma yana da hankali a kan tekun da ke cikin fili tare da matsakaicin mita 80-120.

Daga arewa zuwa kudu maso yammacin ketare sun haye kogin manyan koguna uku - Dnieper, Dniester da Southern Bug. A cikin ruwan rafi na waɗannan koguna akwai nau'i na musamman na taimako - abin da ake kira pods. Wadannan ƙananan raƙuman ruwa ne a cikin ƙasa, wanda aka samo asali ne daga sakamakon ƙwayar ƙasa a cikin ƙasa.

A bakin kogin Black da Azov Seas, ƙananan tsaunuka masu yawa (Dnieper, Dniester, Molochny da sauransu) sun kafa, da kuma manyan sanduna da tsibirin da yawa.

Carpathians Ukrainian

Masu Carpathian Ukrainian suna cikin ɓangare na babban tsaunin Carpathian, wadda ke cikin yankin yammacin kasar kuma tana rufe yankuna hudu. Sun ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i iri-iri guda ɗaya, wanda aka tsara a cikin wata hanya daga arewa-yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas. Tsakanin su suna da zurfi mai zurfi.

Jimlar tsawon Carpathians Ukrainian yana da kilomita 280, kuma matsakaicin nisa kusan kilomita 110 ne. A cikin duka, tsaunuka suna da kimanin kilomita 24,000, wanda ya kasance daidai da yankin yankin Mykolaiv.

Tsarin halittu na tsaunin dutse yana da mamaye asalin Cretaceous, da kuma jurassic limestones da schists crystalline. Daga ma'adanai a nan an fitar da man, gas da ozocerite. Akwai magunguna masu yawa na warkaswa.

Chernogor - mafi tsayi mafi tsayi na Ukraine

A cikin Carpathians na Ukrain akwai wurare guda biyu da ake kira dutsen biyu-biyu-biyu - dutsen da ya wuce mita 2000. Waɗannan su ne ginshiƙan: Hoverla, Petros, Brebeneskul, Pop Ivan Chernogorsky, Gutin Tomatnik da Ribs. Dukansu suna cikin tsauni ɗaya - Montenegrin.

Gudun Chernogor za a iya kira shi ne ƙarshen dukan Carpathians Ukrainian. Yana da wuri mafi mashahuri tsakanin masu yawon bude ido. Gudun yana kan iyaka kusan kilomita 20 kuma yana aiki a matsayin ruwa na manyan koguna na gabashin Turai - Tisza da Prut.

Harshen Chernogor kuma mawuyacin hali ne. Kudancin gefen kudancin ya saukowa da sauri kuma ba su da rassa. Amma arewa, a akasin wannan, ya bambanta da girma mai zurfi na raɗawa da kuma rage mataki-by-mataki. A Chernogor zaka iya ganin siffofin tallafi na gilashi - ƙananan kwalliya, raƙuman dutse da kuma tsautsayi.

Toltry - wani tsari ne na musamman

Da yake magana game da taimako na Ukraine, ba za mu iya kasa yin maganar Toltrakh ba. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin shahararrun tsarin ilimin lissafi a kasar. A cikin dukan duniya akwai kawai daga cikin analogues.

Gaskiya, Toltry babbar murjani mai launi ne wanda ke motsawa a kan kilomita dari. Ya samo asali kusa da ƙauyen Podkamen, Lviv yankin, kuma ya kusa kusa da garin Costesti, wanda ya riga ya kasance a ƙasar Moldova. Daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce a kan wannan ƙasa splashing dumi Sarmatian Sea, kwayoyin rayuwa wadda ta shahara, riotous launi. Babban babban Toltro wanda muke gani a yau ba kome ba ne kawai sakamakon sakamakon tafiyar da ayyukan halitta.

Girman Toltre ya bambanta daga 4 zuwa 12 km, kuma tsawo ya kai mita 430. Cikin tsawon tsawon kwari akwai gine-ginen arba'in 65, inda farar dutse, gypsum da yumbu aka yi wa minti.

Anthropogenic taimako a Ukraine

Rashin taimako na Ukraine ya canza sosai ta hanyar tattalin arziki na mutum a rabi na biyu na karni na 20. Wannan shi ne musamman sananne a yankuna irin su Donbas ko Kryvbas, inda dutsen baƙin ƙarfe da gaura suna fitowa daga cikin hanyoyi na duniya.

Saboda haka, a kusa da dama birane na Donetsk da Lugansk yankin daruruwan sharar gida tankuna sun girma. Wadannan ƙananan tuddai sun kasance nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i, wanda ya kunshi dutse mai banƙyama - irin samfurori na masana'antun kwalba. Amma asashe na Krivorozhye, kamar sieve, an rufe su da ma'adinai, maƙarar gazawa da kuma manyan ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin yanki da zurfin.

Bugu da kari, da tashar da Dnieper da kuma da dama sauran manyan koguna na Ukraine da aka katange da m dams. A sakamakon haka, yankunan da ke cikin yankuna sun shiga ƙarƙashin ruwa, kuma an yi gyare-gyaren filin da ke kewaye.

Sabili da haka, aikin tattalin arziki mai aiki na wani mutum a yankin Ukraine a karni na ashirin ya canza yanayin yanayinta, ya samar da sababbin siffofin taimako.