Stringed sunkuyar da kida: description na kungiyar

Dalili na Symphony Orchestra ne a kungiyar dake a cikin cibiyar, dama a gaban masu sauraro da kuma shugaba. Wannan stringed sunkuyar da kida. da sauti tushen ne da faɗakarwar kirtani. Nau'in Hornbostelya Sachs-stringed sunkuyar da kida kira chordophones. Lokacin da biyu violins, Viola da cello wasa tare, kana da wani kirtani Quartet. Wannan jam'iyya music kirtani garayu.

magabata

Biyu basses, cellos, violas da violins sun ko ba da farko, shi ya gabãta ta Viola, wanda ya zama m, a cikin karni na sha biyar. The sauti na su ya taushi da kuma m, saboda haka suna nan da nan ya zama masoyi na kowane ƙungiyar makaɗa. Stringed sunkuyar da kida, kamar yadda irin wannan, ya bayyana dogon kafin violas, amma har yanzu suna da yawa, matasa fizge kida.

Baka da aka ƙirƙira a Indiya, har ma da tsoho Helenawa ba su sani ba game da shi. Larabawa, Farisawa, Afrika shige shi daga wata qasa zuwa wata a matsayin baton, kuma sannu a hankali (ƙarni na takwas), baka zo zuwa Turai. Akwai kafa stringed sunkuyar da kida, wanda, da canza, ta haifi farko Viola, goge sa'an nan.

Viola

Viola kasance daga daban-daban masu girma dabam da kuma daga daban-daban Heights muryoyin, wasu a tsaye gwiwoyin Isra'ila, da sauran - a kan gwiwoyinsa, da sauransu - ya fi girma - tsaya a kan benci, kuma suka yi wasa a tsaye. Akwai kuma kananan Viola, wanda aka gudanar a matsayin goge a kafaɗa. Viola da Gamba ne har yanzu akwai a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, ita sosai irin da kyau "murya." Ta victoriously wanzu har karni na sha takwas, sa'an nan wasu lokaci cello raira waƙa ta jam'iyyar. Kawai a 1905 da Viola da Gamba a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa koma. Stringed sunkuyar da kida sosai wadãtar da su sauti da ta samu.

A general, da Viola na dogon lokaci sun aristocrats mafi m: suna da wani dadi, kamar muffled sauti, music sauti organically by Candlelight, a lokacin da kida a cikin kyalle da riguna da kuma powdered wigs. Da farko goge kaden lashe, don haka manyan gidãje da gyaran gashi na dogon ba a yarda ya shiga, akwai mulki a viol da lute.

Viola ta music sanya daga mafi daraja kayan da suka ma da kyau sosai, har ma da shugabannin da aka sau da yawa artistically sassaka a cikin nau'i na furanni, shugabannin dabbobi ko mutane.

Masters

A cikin karni na sha biyar, tare da zuwan violins, lute da violovye sana'a fara sake horad da ga yadda fairground jama'a kida maye gurbin tsohon aristocracy, domin suna da mafi damar cire da sauti, ma'ana, kuma a zahiri gwani. A Cremona, ya kafa shahara makaranta na Andrea Amati, wanda ya zama hereditary. Jikansa ya iya yin violins wanda m kokarin sauti da kuma zafi, softness kuma iri-iri na sautin kiyaye.

Violin zama iya duka: don bayyana adam ji da kuma ko da koyi da intonations na mutum murya. A karni daga baya, wani mai gida - Antonio Stradivari, da dalibi Nicolo Amati, ya bude nasa bita da ma aikata da kyau. Har ila yau fice ya master kuma Dzhuzeppe Gvarneri, suka komo tare da wani sabon goge zane, mafi m. Duk wadannan makarantu sun iyali, al'amarin ya ci gaba, da kuma yara, da kuma jikoki. Suka samar ba kawai da goge, amma kuma duk sauran stringed sunkuyar da kida.

Sunayen orchestral kida

A mafi littãfi na baka kirtani na da goge, kuma mafi ƙasƙanci - bass. Kusa da sauti na goge - kawai a kasa - sauti Alto, ko da ƙananan - cello. Its siffar duk stringed sunkuyar da kida kama wani mutum adadi, amma na daban-daban masu girma dabam.

Housing violins yana da biyu cikas - manya da ƙananan, na farko da aka yi na Maple da sauran daga cin abinci. Wannan bene ne ke da alhakin inganci da ƙarfin sauti. Located a saman curly Ramin - f-ramuka, kuma suka yi kama da harafin "f". Don jiki a haɗe wuyansa (a cikinsa "gudu" yatsunsu a violin), yakan sanya daga katakon kanya, kuma sama da shi da kirtani - hudu daga cikinsu. Suna a haɗe turaku, dõmin karkatarwa da ja a kan su. A nan ne sauƙi tsawo daga cikin sauti dogara a kan kada violin sautuka irin goge, twirling tsagawa.

Yadda za a yi wasa da su

Alt ya fi girma goge, ko da yake shi kawai rike a kafaɗa. Cello ko ya fi girma, yi wasa da shi zaune a kan kujera, gudãnar da kayan aiki a kasa tsakanin ƙafafunsa. Bass ne da yawa fiye da girman da cello, bass player da yaushe taka a tsaye, a rare lokuta, zaune a kan wani babban stool.

Bow - sanda na itace, wanda ya miƙa m doki gashi, wanda sa'an nan lubricated rosin - Pine guduro. Sa'an nan rukũ'i dan kadan da sandunansu zuwa kirtani da kuma yadda za a cire shi tare. A kirtani kumburin kuma saboda shi sauti. All stringed sunkuyar da kida Symphony Orchestra aiki a kan wannan manufa. Lokacin da ake bukata ci a kan baka kirtani, za ka iya cire audio plucking (pizzicato), kuma ko da ya buga da katako, kashi na baka.

Alto

Viola dubi sosai kama da goge, ya kawai kadan fadi da kuma daina, amma timbre ya na musamman, sauti ƙananan kuma thicker. Ba kowane mai kada violin iya wasa da Viola tare da harka a arba'in da shida santimita dogon, a, da wuyansa. A yatsunsu dole ne ta zama mai karfi da kuma tsawo, da fadi da buroshi da kuma karfi da yawa. Kuma, ba shakka, bukatar musamman ji na ƙwarai. Duk wadannan halaye tare ne quite rare.

Ko da yake composers Viola ba kamar yadda rare kamar yadda sauran daga cikin rukuni na sunkuyar da garayu, shi ne har yanzu da muhimmanci sosai a Symphony Orchestra. Lokacin wasa solo, misali, Yuriy Bashmet, da darajar da kayan aiki ne musamman ji.

cello

Babu kayan more saba da bayyana ji kamar ciki, bakin ciki, ko da yanke ƙauna. Cello yana da wani murya sokin rai peculiar timbre, babu sauran kayan aiki ba ya son. Aleksandr grin idan aka kwatanta da ta "Scarlet filafili" irin goge tare da tsarki yarinya mai suna Assol da cello - tare da m Carmen. Lalle ne, cello ne sosai zurfin aika da karfi da motsin zuciyarmu da kuma m hali.

Cello samar lokaci guda tare da violins da sosai farko Masters, amma shi kawo kammala da Antonio Stradivari. Wannan kayan aiki na dogon lokaci bai lura a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, da barin jam'iyyar goyon baya, amma a lokacin da murya da aka gaske ji mai yawa composers sun rubuta solo da kuma jam'iyya music for cello da aikatawa ƙara kyautata da dabara yi wasa da wannan kayan aiki.

contrabass

Wannan shi ne mafi ƙasƙanci-stringed sunkuyar da kayan aiki a kan Register. Form a bass irin goge kamar ma: a gangaren jiki, kafadu lebur kan wuyansa. The sauti da ya shahara,, arziki, matalauta, da kuma ƙungiyar makaɗa ba sauti mai kyau ba tare da bass, don haka bass akwai kawai irreplaceable. Bugu da ƙari, ya tsira kusan duk wani ƙungiyar makaɗa - ko da jazz. Shi ne ba makawa.

Idan muka kwatanta da orchestral ci tare da jikin mutum, da bass - shi ne kwarangwal a kan wanda, bi da bi, da "nama" - ne masu jituwa bi da da melodic layi - "fata", a fili yake ga kowa. Idan muka kwatanta da cewa kwarangwal na jiki an cire, abin da ya faru? Na'am, m buhu. Wannan guda bukatun da bass a kan shi har yanzu riqe. Abin kida kirtani & baka za su iya ci gaba da kari daga cikin dukan ƙungiyar makaɗa? Kawai basses.

goge

Stringed sunkuyar da kida suna da gaskiya da ya dauke shi a sarauniya a lokacin da goge waka, da sauransu iya kawai raira waƙa tare. The sauti ne riƙi m hanyar, abin da babu sauran kayan aiki a cikin wannan kungiyar bai san yadda. Rukũ'i tãre da wuya, m, m horsehair, grated rosin - kusan fayil saboda karfi rosin yafa masa foda. Lokacin da baka zo zuwa kirtani, da sandunansu, kuma nan da nan na jan kirtani, nawa ne isasshen na elasticity, sa'an nan ya zo a kashe, to nan da nan tsaya sake. A nan ne yunkuri na kirtani - ko da a lokacin da shi na jan baka, da kuma wani sinusoidal a kan samu - da kuma samar da da musamman timbre.

More kuma irin subtlety: a sauran kayan bushe, a guitar, misali, da kirtani ne strung a kan m sills na karfe, yayin da goge su dõgara a kan itace, wajen rickety tsayawar cewa dabam tare da wasan a garesu, kuma da wadannan hawa da sauka ake bayyana duk kirtani, ko da gaskiya cewa baka bai damu ba. Saboda haka da overall hoto kawai m overtones suna kara da cewa ko da mafi wadãtar da sauti na da kayan aiki.

damar kayan aiki

Irin murya yanci goge sauti kawai m. Yana iya ba kawai ta raira waƙa, amma kuma ya fito, da kuma mimic mai creaking kofa chirping tsuntsaye. Kuma da zarar kan talabijin ya nuna Afrilu wawa Humorina inda violin hutu da masu sauraro da mimicking wasan gaba daya da alaqa da music. Alal misali, illegible murya manajan a tashar, sanar da isowa daga cikin jirgin kasa. The kalmar "pavtaryaaaayu" goge downright tsawatawa. Rinjãye wannan kayan aiki ne mafi dogara a kan ingancin jin Executive, da kuma horo ya zama dogon. Ba a banza, yara fara koya a farkon shekaru uku ko hudu don samun mai kyau sakamakon.