St George Cathedral a Yuriev-Polsky: photo, gine

A karamin gari na Yuriev-Polsky karkashin Vladimir aka kafa a 1152 ta Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Daga goma sha biyu zuwa karni na sha hudu da shi shi ne cibiyar da ta ƙaramin rabo. Tun 1212 aka mallakar Svyatoslav - jikan kafa na gari. Lardin da matsayin na gari, ba shakka, ba za a iya kwatanta ta da Zalesskoye babban ƙauyuka, domin ta shahara m taskõkin.

Kuma ko da yake akwai guda fitacciyar tsoho gine a garin, amma ya bar nisa a baya da yawa kama da gine-gine.

Shahararren St. George Cathedral

A Yuriev-Polsky aka gina shi a cikin girmamawa ga nasara, wanda ya lashe Dolgoruky sarkin Volga Bulgars. Wannan ya faru a 1221. Wannan nasara tunawa, bisa ga chroniclers, shi ne "m, kuma m, kyau da kuma butulci" yi, daya daga wani irin.

A tarihin abin da ya faru

A wuri inda yanzu St. George Cathedral, duk da haka a 1152 Yuri Dolgoruky umurce su da su gina wata kananan fari dutse kadan coci. Ya kishin ta Georgiyu Pobedonostsu, wanda ya kira kansa majiɓinci, saint. A 1230 ya jikan - Svyatoslav - halakar da gina kakansa, saboda shi "rududdugaggu da kuma karye." Kuma a wurinsa a cikin 1230th aka gina shi St. George Cathedral a Yuriev-Polsky, wanda ya zama ba kawai da kambi na Vladimir-Suzdal gine-gine, amma kuma na karshe fari dutse gini a gaban Mongol-Tatar mamayewa.

Features haikali

Ko dai kafin ko bayan ba wanda ya iya wuce ban mamaki kyakkyawa da ta fitacciyar. Dole ne in ce cewa ya maimaita yunkurin An yi akai-akai. Alal misali, an yi imani da cewa St. George Cathedral a Yuriev-Polsky, photo a kan bango na wanda ya dauki gida kowane yawon shakatawa da suka ziyarci wannan gari, ya zama samfur na Moscow ɗauka cewa, gina a cikin Kremlin a 1326. Duk da haka, kamar coci bai iya gina. Kamar ba zai iya samun irin wannan Masters wanda zai iya akalla partially rubanya guda fari dutse juna cewa gaba daya rufe St George Cathedral a Yuriev-Polish. Pictures a kafet rufe bangon daga cikin Haikali a saman da kasa.

na biyu rayuwa

Its gini da aka gina domin shekaru hudu. Ya tsaya a asalin siffan fiye da shekara ɗari biyu, har a 1460 bai faru ba auka na baka, a fili, ba su iya kai ma nauyi. Shin rinjayarwa sauran shaida matsayin dalilin da ya sa George Cathedral aka hallaka a Yuriev-Polish. Archeology, wanda ke karanta bayyana shaida na zahiri da suka gabata ya nuna cewa, a cikin hanyar zai iya zama wani tectonic Laifi, kazalika da ruwan karkashin kasa.

By ƙaddarãwar Grand Duke ta sanannun Moscow m V. D. Ermolinu aka umurci yin aiki a kan sabuntawa. The m ya riga ya yi wasu kwarewa a cikin maido da wadannan tsoho gine-gine. Yana Ermolin wai taru sake Yuryev-Polsky Cathedral of St. George (photos za a iya gani a cikin labarin). The m da'awar cewa ya mayar da coci da kuma ta ɗakin sujada, "ajiye shi kamar dā." Duk da haka, wannan ba gaskiya ba ne.

New look

A lokacin da sabuntawa ayyukan da aka quite dauke da gurbata ruwan tekun Atlantika rabbai na babban gini, sun zama mafi ponderous. Mafi yawa daga cikin reliefs aka rasa, da kuma sauran iyayengiji rikita batun, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa gidan ibada facade ya ba da alama na da ka warwatse da kuma ba su da wani ciki ji saboda scene hotuna.

A cikin wadannan ƙarni gano Yermolin St. George Cathedral a Yuriev-Polsky ya akai-akai aka bata. Saboda haka, a cikin goma sha bakwai karni belfry aka gina a kan ta yammacin shirayi. A 1781 an maye gurbinsu da wani - mafi ban sha'awa, wanda aka gina a kan yamma, da kuma St. George Cathedral an rufe ta da hudu-gangara, amma da samun da pozakomarnoe cover, duk fari dutse Ibada.

A 1809-1827 gg. babban gini zuwa arewa da kudu ne rufaffiyar da wani sabon sacristy dumi haše-haše. Duk wannan ya haddasa sabon halaka da kuma murdiya na zamanin d abin tunawa, wanda a yau a fili a bayyane a cikin da yawa daga cikin tsofaffin hotuna. St. George Cathedral samu ta yanzu form kawai a cikin karni na ashirin, a lokacin da suka karshe rushe saboda shi ɓarna ne a cikin tsawo.

Dole ne in ce cewa ya zargi Ermolina ba quite gaskiya. shi ya zama dole ba ne kawai don mayar da St. George Cathedral a Yuriev-Polsky, wanda gine ne na musamman, amma kuma ka sake shi sai cewa ya sassaka curly tubalan sun sake m dutse juna, sõyayya da na kowa niyyar: wani musamman wuya aiki da aka sa a gaba gare shi. Duk da haka, ba da ciwon a hannunka ba hotuna ko zane, da kuma ba da gaskiya cewa da yawa daga cikin duwatsun a sakamakon rushewar da aka kawai halaka, kada ya kusan ba zai yiwu.

art motifs

Game sassaƙa cewa adorns da Cathedral of St. George, rubuta da kuma ya ce da yawa. Ta art motifs har ta ashirin ƙarni yi wahayi zuwa gare yawa artists tsunduma a katako, "makafi" Threaded.

M alamu da suke nuna dabbobi, da tsuntsaye da kuma shuke-shuke, da zakoki, geese da braided wutsiyoyi - duk su, kasancewa bayin Allah, ku yabe Mahaliccin a cikin kyalkyali fari dutse sassaka gefuna da Cathedral of St. George a St. George ta.

Stone "yadin da aka saka"

Ɗamara da juna ba kawai a kan ganuwar da jirgin sama, amma kusan duk gine-gine da cikakken bayani, kamar manya, ginshikan da portals. Figures na mutane da dabbobi, mythical dabbõbi - duk cike da koyaswa m na fure ado. A sakamakon haka, gaba daya mai rufi dutse yadin da aka saka George Cathedral kama m dimbin yawa block yanke daga m dutse. Daidai saboda wannan gini ya da ƙawa da solemnity.

architecture

Cathedral gwada da kananan. Its a kaikaice facades "overgrown" shirayi. Su katange da arches a kan facade na wani keel zakomars. West shirayin, wanda ya fi girma asali, kuma mafi girma gefe. Ya yi wani na biyu storey da kuma mawaka, yi nufi ga 'ya'yan sarakuna iyali. A wani kusurwa, a jamsin na arewaci da gabashin ganuwar, akwai wani karamin ɗakin sujada na Triniti, wanda ya binne wuri na sarakuna JuR'EVSKIJj. Daga nan kuma a yau ne m arkosoly, inda a 1252 aka binne shi Prince Svyatoslav.

A facades na babban coci rarrabu da pilasters cikin uku hannun jari. Wannan dabara ne halayyar tsoho Rasha gine da kuma shi ne wata ãyã daga hudu-al'amudin Haikali. A kwance sanarwa akan abinda na babban coci a can arkaturno-columnar zone, wanda a lokacin da lalata da karni na sha biyar ya tsira ba gaba daya. Ya kuma mika tare da sama na apse, kuma rabu da Semi-ginshikan. A cikin duka tiers na bel suna bayar high isa windows, da kuma kai tsaye a kan cibiyar na babban haikalin tsaya wani shigen sukari tashe a kan wani musamman pedestal kai.

Haikali ya asali

Masana sun bayar da shawarar cewa wannan wata da baya-watse kaya, kazalika da mafi girma arches da ya sa aka auka daga cikin vaults. Duk da haka, gine na asali version na ginin aka halin da tashin gwauron zabi da kuma aiwatar. Siririn rabbai, a hade tare da uku na asali da shirayi, ya ba babban coci gradation da stolpoobraznoe.

Ko da yake compositional aiwatar da St. George Cathedral a St. George ta, ya da ɗan baya ga irin wannan gine-gine na Kiev da Smolensk, ya palpably m zuwa iyãkar bayyanar. Kuma sama duk wannan gudummawar da richness da ƙawa da zaren, rufe duk katangu.

ciki

Ciki da Cathedral of St. George ne fili isa. Wannan an samu godiya ga cewa ginshiƙai a kan abin da ya vaults, saita fadi da baya da kuma koma sama zuwa ga ganuwar. Bagaden sarari rabu da babban low shãmaki a kan abin da tayal aka yanke deesis.

Wuce yarda da kyau da kuma murals a ciki zane. Duk da haka, a cikin coci, wanda yana da wani wucin gadi lighting, ko da yaushe duhu, don haka a ga dukkan launuka a cikin hotuna, shi ne wani lokacin ba zai yiwu ba. A general, ciki daga cikin babban coci ba za a iya kwatanta ta da ta ado waje.

facades

A kan azurfa-yellow ganuwar da Cathedral za ka iya ciyar hours karatu m curls na dutse sassaƙa. Dogon lokacin da nazarin na restorers da art sun sanya shi yiwuwa a cikakken iyar da asali ra'ayin magina da kuma fiye ko ƙasa da gyara shi.

Babban qagaggun cewa qawata St. George Cathedral a Yuriev-Polsky, dauke "Transformation" a kan yammacin facade, "As'hab" da kuma "Triniti". A ta arewa suna "The Crucifixion" da "Daniel a cikin zaki kogon." Irin wannan qagaggun matsayin "Hawan Yesu zuwa sama", "The Virgin Orans", da aka yi wa ado da kudu facade.

A Al'arshinSa dukan kirtani na tsarkaka da aka nuna a cikin arkaturno bel. Wannan dabara ne mafi kamar Gothic Cathedrals a Turai. A wajen arewa bango shi aka fentin da yawa magoya bayan shugabannin Vladimir daular. Yana kuma da aka sanya da kuma babban taimako Georgiya Pobedonostsa. Mai Tsarki wanda aka nuna a cikin soja makamai, daukawa mai garkuwa alama na 'ya'yan sarakuna ba daular - renon damisa.

halittawa

Wani tsoho chroniclers sha'awar wanda shi ne master wanda Ya halitta babban coci. Wasu sun bayyana ra'ayin cewa marubucin kansa ya Svyatoslav. Da masu bincike yi imani da cewa ko da yake yarima kuma ɗauki wani babban bangare a samar da karshe zane na wannan gine-gine da fitacciyar, voplotitelyami a cikin rayuwarsa sun talakawa Rasha sana'a.

A cikin halittar babban coci ya taka shahararren rawa, kuma Mitrofan - Vladimir bishops, wanda aka ƙone da rai Tatars. A wani fice hali, wani babban mutum al'ada, wani mai hankali da kuma siyasa ya zama majiɓinci daga cikin zane-zane. Masu bincike yi imani da cewa shi ne wanda ya raya makirci ban mamaki sassaƙa cewa adorns St George Cathedral a Yuriev-Polish. A ta batutuwa ji wani zurfin ilimi ba kawai patristic, amma kuma Rasha littattafai.

Akwai kuma rahoton cewa gina haikali ya da wani mai gida na Volga Bulgaria. Kuma wannan duk da cewa babban coci da aka gina a full yarda da Vladimir-Suzdal a cikin shugabanci na architecture. Yana da muhimmanci cewa irin wannan tsarin ba zai iya yiwu a yi amfani da matsayin ga cewa sana'a har yanzu ba su da isasshen kwarewa. Kawai m girma na Rasha dutse carvers, wanda tunawa da kwarewa daukar kwayar cutar magabata, kazalika da mafi kyau misalai na gida da kuma kasashen waje art, a yarda a daya lokacin da ya halicci aljanna-labari dutse - St. George Cathedral a St. George ta.