Spina bifida - abin da yake da shi? Mai tsananin kashin baya munanan

Ƙasar ciwon ci gaba na kashin baya, wadda za a iya hade tare da irin abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayar katako, shine Spina bifida. Mene ne, a wasu lokuta da suka faru, abin da ya faru a cikin jiki zai iya haifar da - mai karatu zai sami amsoshi ga waɗannan tambayoyi a cikin labarinmu. Duk da haka, domin fahimtar hoto na asibiti na cutar, dole ne a fahimci manufar tsarin jinƙan zuciya na mutum, tsarin tsari na kwakwalwa da kuma ayyukan ƙwayar katako.

Manufar tsarin kulawa na tsakiya

Tsarin tsakiya mai juyayi shine babban ɓangare na tsarin jinin mutum. Ana wakilta shi ne ta kashin baya da kwakwalwa kuma tana ƙunshe da ƙananan hanyoyi da kuma matakai. Ƙungiyar kulawa ta tsakiya ita ce ta ƙunshi sassa uku: ƙananan, tsakiyar kuma mafi girma. Ƙananan da tsakiyar su ne kashin baya, ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa, kwakwalwa na tsakiya, kwakwalwa na tsakiya da kuma cerebellum. Wadannan abubuwa sun tsara aikin ƙungiyar mutum, kafa haɗi tsakanin su, tabbatar da mutunci na aikin jiki. Sashe na sama na tsarin kulawa ta tsakiya shine wakilcin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa yana aiki da tabbatar da haɗin kwayar halitta tare da yanayin.

Babban aikin cibiyar kulawa ta tsakiya shine aiwatar da sauye-sauye da rikice-rikice - reflexes. An kafa tsarin kulawa na tsakiya a farkon makonni na ciki daga wani tsari na musamman - ectoderm. Idan ba daidai ba rabo da kuma ci gaba na jijiya Kwayoyin taso a na tsarin jijiya tube aibi, wanda baya kaiwa zuwa ga cigaban kashin baya pathologies.

Ƙwararren ƙwayar ita ce kwayar halitta mai juyayi a cikin tashar gishiri. Tsakanin iyakokin tsakanin iyakoki da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa yana wucewa a wurin da aka yi amfani da zarge-zarge na pyramidal. Dukansu kwakwalwa da kashin baya suna rufe shi a cikin harsashi wanda ya kunshi nau'i uku: m, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo da kuma jijiyoyin jini. Daga ciwo na waje, kwakwalwa ta kare ta kwakwalwa, da kuma kashin baya ta kashin baya.

Tsarin gefe na kashin baya

Tsintsiya shine asalin ɗan kwarangwal ɗan adam, yana kunshe da vertebrae, tsakanin abin da diski na tsakiya ya ƙunshi - sassan cartilaginous. Aiki, kwakwalwan suna samar da motsi na kashin baya. A cikakke, mutum yana da 33-34 digitbra, an haɗa su a cikin sassan: magunguna, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal.

Kowace vertebra ya kafa ta jiki, arc da tafiyar matakai. Jiki da kuma arki sun zama ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwayoyi, abubuwan da aka haɗa sun haɗa da kwayar kallon juna, kuma suna yin aikin gyaran tsokoki. A cikin jikin mutum mai lafiya, ɗakunan ganyayyaki suna haɗuwa cikin wata tasiri guda ɗaya, wanda, a gaskiya, shine wurin da igiya ta keyi. Amma akwai kuma yanayin yanayi, wanda akwai rata a cikin kashi - wannan abu ne ake kira "sprain of vertebrae".

Ƙirƙirin kashin baya yana samar da haɗiyar kwakwalwa tare da tsarin jin dadin jiki. Jamhuriyar tashar - wani rami a cikin laka. Laka, kazalika da kai, yana da wani uku-Layer membrane tsakanin yadudduka dauke da cerebrospinal ruwa. Kasusuwa da ƙananan kwakwalwa da ƙananan kwasfa na ƙananan ƙasƙanci na haifar da wani wuri mai launi tsakanin su, cike da nama mai laushi da kuma hanyar sadarwa mai cin nama.

Spina bifida: menene?

Spina bifida wani nau'i ne na kashin baya (ƙaddamar da ƙananan canji) ba tare da cikakke ba, wanda wasu pathology sukan kara tsanantawa - ci gaban ƙananan igiya. Wannan lalacewar zai fara bayyana a farkon matakan ciki kuma yana da wani kuskure a kafawar tube mai zurfi. Jigon kwalliya wani tsari ne wanda, daga baya ciki, embryo ya zama tsarin tsarin tsakiya na tsakiya - ƙwaƙwalwa da kwakwalwa. Magungunan likita da marasa lafiya tare da Spina bifida suna ba da lada don rarraba pathology a cikin jinsunan daban kamar daidai da ci gaban ciwon hoto:

• Nauyin siffofin da aka samo: ɓoye Spina bifida, meningocele, lipomeningocele;
• Fassara siffofin: myelomeningocele; Myelomeningocele, rikitarwa ta hydrocephalus.

An gano bidiyon Spina a yayin hotunan fuska mai haske ko neurosonography.

Statistics nuna cewa cutar na faruwa a cikin yara 1-2 daga 1000. Pathology ne kwayoyin, domin har zuwa 8% na haihuwa maimaita ƙare tare da ganewar asali na Spina bifida. Doctors sun ce sau da yawa yakan faru ne a cikin yara da aka haife su a matasan marigayi. Duk da haka, kashi 95 cikin 100 na jariran da aka gano tare da ramin tsabta suna bayyana a cikin iyaye masu lafiya waɗanda basu fama da irin wannan cuta ba.

Hasken wuta Spina bifida

Cina bnida (occulta) zane - wanda shine mafi kyawun nau'in cutar, inda akwai ci gaba, ƙananan raguwa a cikin kwayar. Mafi sau da yawa yakan faru a cikin lumbar ko na sacral na kashin baya. Wannan farfasawa ya ƙaddara ne kawai ga kashin nama na kashin baya kuma baya shafar ƙwayoyin sassa. Ana nuna rashin lafiyar cutar sau da yawa kuma sau da yawa ba ya bayyana kansa a matsayin bayyanar cututtuka da zasu iya dame mutum ba. Mutane da yawa marasa lafiya tare da wannan pathology kuma ba su zargi game da cutar. Alamar da ake gani da cutar ta cikin jariri zai iya zama nau'in gashi, yawanci kananan; Harafi; Girma ko haifaffen wuri a wurin wurin ilimin cututtuka.

Sai kawai a wasu lokuta (kimanin a cikin 1 daga cikin marasa lafiya 1000 da nau'in maganin na Spina bifida) ya haifar da rashin aiki a cikin aikin kwayar halitta, da hanji, zuwa gawar jiki na ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan, har zuwa launi na kashin baya. Yawancin lokaci a cikin rikodin likita na ainihin lambar ƙididdiga na daya daga cikin sassan sashin kashin baya, wanda aka nuna alamun, an nuna. Alal misali, shigarwa "Spina bifida na baya S1" na nuna matsaloli na farko vertebra sacral kashin baya.

Meningocele wani nau'i ne na rabuwa da kashin baya, wanda, baya ga dystrophy nama na nama, da murfin mai kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa zai iya yaduwa ko fadadawa a matsayin kambura ta hanyar rata. Sau da yawa, launi na asali, da kuma ciwon sikila ba tare da cututtuka ba ko tare da ƙananan lahani. A cikin mafi yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta, murfin yana rufe da fata, wanda yana kare abun ciki. Duk da haka, ko da wannan ƙananan lahani na buƙatar magani don kawar da ƙarancin kwaskwarima.

Lipomeningocele

Lipomeningocele - wani nau'i na Spina bifida, wanda aka dauka a matsayin yanayin da yake da matsakaici. A cikin maganin, an kwatanta wannan cuta a matsayin alamomin da ke haifar da hernias na asali da kuma kwayar cutar ciwon kwayoyi. Wannan cuta a cikin kafawar ƙananan ƙwayar halitta yana faruwa a farkon kwanaki 20 na ciki. Lipomeningocele yana da lahani wanda zai iya haifar da ci gaban kwayoyin halitta da ke haifar da cututtukan cututtuka na tsarin dabbobi, ƙwayoyin hanyoyi - nama mai laushi yana aiki da matsin lamba. Yin la'akari da tarihin likita na marasa lafiya tare da lipomeningocele, kungiyoyi hudu na bayyanar yanayin yanayin yanayin da za'a iya bambanta da juna:

• Ba tare da cutar neurologic, pelvic da orthopedic;
• Matsakaici na ƙafafu, gurɓata ƙafafunku;
• Maganganun da ake magana da shi game da motar motar, haɓaka na kashin baya, cututtuka na pelvic;
• Rashin nakasa daga cikin tsauraran jini, cututtuka mai tsanani.

Sabili da haka, hanyar da kawai ta dace don magance wannan farfadowa shine gaggawa da sauri. Tare da aiki don cire jakar jakar zai iya zama tilasta aikin tilasta ƙofar hernia.

Myelomeningocele - wani nau'i mai ban sha'awa na Spina bifida

Mafi yawan cututtuka da ke faruwa a cikin kashi 75 cikin dari na dukkanin kwayoyin cutar dystrophy shine myelomeningocele (Cystica spina bifida). Mene ne? Hanyar dajiyar ƙwayar cuta ita ce wani ɓangare na kashin baya, wadda ta haifar da lahani ta kashin baya. Wani lokuta ana kiyaye murfin da ƙwayar kafar ta fata, a wasu lokuta kwakwalwar jikin kwakwalwa, tare da tsarin sutura, ya fita. Tare da irin wannan nau'i, cututtukan neuro ne babu makawa. Dalili na irin wannan cuta zai tabbatar da rashin lahani na ƙananan kashin, da kuma ta shafin yanar gizo wanda cutar ta faru. Idan cutar tana shafar sashe na karshe na ƙananan kashin, matsalolin na shafar kwayar halitta da kuma ciwon zuciya, ingancin ƙananan ƙananan ƙarewa.

Sau da yawa, hernias a cikin layi na faruwa a cikin launi na lumbosacral. Duk da haka, a cikin aikin likita, akwai lokuta a yayin da pathology ke tasowa a matakin kofin thoracic ko ƙwayar mahaifa. Abin takaici, lalacewar ƙananan zafin jiki ya fi sau da yawa tare da wani cin zarafi - hydrocephalus ko Chiari anomaly, dalilin da ya sa cin zarafi na samuwar ruwa mai ciki a cikin kwanyar.

Hydrocephalus da Chiari anomaly

Hydrocephalus (edema na kwakwalwa) wani abu ne wanda ya haifar da haɗuwa da ruwa a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa. Cerebrospinal fluid - ruwan sanyi - yana ci gaba da watsawa cikin tsarin ventricular.

Ana buƙatar girma da ake buƙata na ruwa mai ƙwayar cuta ta hanyoyi biyu:

• Ya kamata a samar da kwayoyin jini a cikin ventricles na kwakwalwa;
• An tsara shi a sakamakon yaduwar cutar jini ta wurin ganuwar jini.

Likvor yana fitowa daga ventricles zuwa fannin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa da kashin baya. Hanyoyin intracranial da ƙananan jini a cikin jikin lafiya sun kasance guda ɗaya. Lokacin da wani lumbar herniated, kafa sadarwa hydrocephalus. Rashin ruwa yana haifar da karuwa a cikin matsa lamba intracranial, wanda zai haifar da raguwa a hangen nesa, bayyanar lalacewa, strabismus, rauni na tsokoki na babba da ƙananan ƙarewa. Irin wadannan laifuffuka na haifar da cututtuka na nakasa mai tsanani, rashin karfin ikon iyawa, da mutuwa.

Arnold-Chiari anomaly wani abu ne wanda amygdala na cerebellum ya sauko zuwa matakin farko na biyu ko na biyu, don haka ya hana yin kwakwalwa na ruwa.

M magani na myelomeningocele

Babban haɗari ga rayuwar jariri tare da myelomeningocele shine rushewar jakarta da kuma kamuwa da cuta a cikin abinda yake ciki. Cigaban cuta, raguwa na hydrocephalus - babban mawuyacin mutuwa na jarirai da aka gano tare da Spina bifida. Da zarar an gano giya-ganyayyaki - tafarkin hatsi na ciki - anyi aiki na gaggawa don kawar da hernia.

Har zuwa yau, hanya mafi kyau na kawar da waɗannan pathologies, nasarar da aka yi amfani da su a duk faɗin duniya, ita ce kawar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙaya. Irin wannan tiyata yana hana ci gaban hydrocephalus da kuma Chiari anomaly a kananan marasa lafiya; Yarda don guje wa rikitarwa mai tsanani, barazanar rai, da kuma yin watsi da aiki. Manipulation na sama yana bai wa jariri dama a wata al'ada na ci gaba da ingancin rayuwa.

Idan dai ba a yi aikin tiyata ba don wani dalili, ya kamata ku yi amfani da aikin sayar da giya wanda ya daidaita yawan ruwan sanyi. Yawancin lokaci ana yin wannan aiki a cikin matakai biyu. Gidan asibitin na kashin baya shi ne ma'aikacin kiwon lafiya wanda ke da ƙananan mayar da hankali, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, matsalolin da ke da alaka da cututtukan patina suna taimakawa wajen warwarewa.

Diagnostics

A cikin maganin zamani, Spina bifida an gano shi a farkon ciki. Saboda haka, iyaye masu zuwa na da lokaci don fahimtar ganewar asali da shirye-shirye na zuciya don haihuwar jariri tare da fasali. A gefe guda kuma, suna da lokaci da kuma damar da za su yanke shawarar ba a tsare tayin ba.

A lokacin yin ciki (a makonni 16-18), iyaye masu zuwa za su fuskanci gwaje gwaje-gwaje bisa ga gwajin jini. Dalilin wannan hanya shi ne bincika maida hankali akan gina jiki mai gina jiki wanda wanda tayin yake samarwa a cikin ƙananan adadin. Idan akwai lahani a cikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya, maida hankali akan alpha-fetoprotein yana ƙaruwa. Akwai siffofi na musamman a gwaji. Saboda yiwuwar kurakurai da zazzage sakamakon binciken, ya kamata ku bi wasu dokoki a hankali:

• Don kafa lokaci mafi dacewa na ciki;
• Idan ciki yana da haɓaka, dole ne a bincikarsa a lokaci.

Wani Hanyar ganewar asali ne prenatal duban dan tayi gudanar a wasu matakai na ciki, kunna gano Pathology. Wannan hanya tana ba ka damar duba kwakwalwa, lakabi na gefe, shafi na gefe da kuma tabbatar da asali na zamani. Duk da haka, dole ne a tuna cewa, tare da ƙananan lahani (ɓoye Spina bifida), ba za'a iya gano pathology ba.

Amniocentesis - Rashin ruwa mai amniotic wata hanya ce ta ganewar asali. An yi ta hanyar babban allura kuma kawai a ƙarƙashin ikon sarrafa duban dan tayi. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar a cikin yanayin lokacin da gwajin jini ya nuna wuce haddi na haɓakar alpha-fetoprotein, kuma tantancewar kwayoyin halitta na cututtuka ba su bayyana ba. Ruwan ruwa, kamar jini, ana nazari ne don ƙaddamar da furotin embryonic, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa akwai damuwa a ci gaban ɓangaren kashin baya.

Rigakafin

Tabbas, babu likita na likita zai tabbatar da cewa, idan duk kwarewar da ake bukata da kuma rashin daidaitattun lamarin da aka lura, yara masu lafiya za su sami jariri lafiya. Abin takaici, wani lokaci yanayi ya bambanta da yadda mutum ya ɗauka. Amma a ikon iyaye da iyaye masu zuwa na gaba za su iyakarta don rage duk wata hadarin da zai iya zama mafi ƙaƙa kuma rage yiwuwar haihuwar yaro tare da alamar Spina bifida kusan zero. Muna magana ne game da matakan tsaro.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matakai don hana jariri daga bincikar "spina bifida" yana tsara shirin daukar ciki. Don yin wannan, mahaifiyar mahaifi da uba kafin zuwan ciki dole ne a gwada lafiyar likita, ba tare da wata kasa ba, sai ya je shawara tare da wani dan halitta. A mace a lokacin daukar ciki wajibi ne don kai mai lafiya salon, ya zama wary na samun anticonvulsants. Amma yin amfani da folic acid a cikin buƙatar da ake buƙata, a akasin wannan, an nuna shi a wannan lokacin. A kasashe da yawa ci gaba, wannan shine ainihin ma'anar shirin da aka ba da shawara ta hanyar ciki na ciki don lafiyar jiki.

Ya kamata a tuna da cewa an sami gadowar jinsin abu ne mai hadarin gaske don farawa da cututtuka; Canja wurin mace a yayin da take ciki, misali, rubella; Halin tasirin mu - radiation, barasa, kwayoyi.

Babban wuraren

Saboda haka, yana amsa tambayar "Spina bifida - menene?", Wanda zai iya fitar da ƙananan abubuwan. Spina bifida - ilimin da ke faruwa a utero, a farkon makonni na ciki. Hanyar da za ta kauce wa rashin lafiyar jariri shine tsara shirin ciki, cika duk abin da likitoci, uwar da ke gabansu za su jagoranci rayuwa mai kyau, ta kasance don rashin rashin ruwa a cikin jiki.

Idan har yanzu ana gano sutura, ana yin cajin ne kawai ne kawai don magance raunuka ga ƙwararriya a yayin da aka haifa tayin tare da hanyoyi.

Don tantance cutar, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban - gwajin jini, tantancewar asibiti, binciken binciken ruwa. Duk da haka duk da haka an saukar da kuskure kuma aka sanya ganewar asali, dole ne a yi amfani da kai tsaye.

M Hanyar - ne kau da intrauterine Pathology. Haka kuma an za'ayi tiyata bayan haihuwar jariri - a farkon kwanaki uku ransa. Af, ana zargin a wani jariri Spina bifida zai iya sa: kashin baya hernia, birthmarks ko depressions a kan daya daga cikin sassa na fata, m gashi Bun. Hakika, da karshe ganewar asali da aka yi bayan kara nazarin - CT, MRI.

Dangane da abin ya shafa kashin baya yanki na sarrafawa, kazalika da related aikin cuta, cuta ta kasu a kãyã da mãsu nauyi siffofin.

M siffofin Spina bifida yawanci ba su kai ga tsanani lahani, marasa lafiya tare da wannan ganewar asali harkar saba. A hali mai tsanani lahani - meningomyelocoele - guje wa tawaya ba zai iya ba, ko da aiki ya ci nasara.

Kashin baya Clinic - irin kiwon lafiyar da makaman, wanda aka qware a kiwon lafiya da sabis don samar da kulawa ga marasa lafiya da cuta da CNS gabobin. Saboda haka, ganewar asali Spina bifida - shi ne ba a jumla. Ya iya kuma ya kamata rayuwa.