Solovev Vladimir, da Falsafa: biography, rubuce-rubucen da

Vladimir Solovyov ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi girma Rasha addini Thinkers na marigayi XIX karni. Ya kasance marubucin mai yawan Concepts da theories (na Allah-balaga, kuma haka Panmongolism. D.), har yanzu ana yi karatu a daki-daki, daga cikin gida da masana falsafa.

farkon shekaru

A nan gaba Falsafa Soloviev Vladimir Sergeyevich aka haife Janairu 28, 1853 a birnin Moscow, ɗan shahararren tarihi Sergeya Soloveva (marubucin multivolume "History of Rasha tun zamanin da"). Yaron da aka a cikin 5th High School, kuma daga baya ya shiga Physics da lissafi Faculty of Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. Daga cikin matasa Soloviev karanta ayyukan da Jamus idealists da Slavophiles. Bugu da kari, shi yana da wani babban tasiri m jari-hujja. Wannan so su fito da saurayi a cikin physico-ilmin lissafi baiwa, duk da haka, bayan shekara ta biyu ya canjawa wuri zuwa Tarihi da kuma Philology. Burge 'yan jari hujja adabi matasa Vladimir Solovyov ko jefa daga cikin taga ta dakin icon fiye da sosai, fusãtar da uba. A general, cikin kewayon ya karatu sa'an nan kunshi Khomyakov, Schelling da Hegel.

Sergey shuka a dansa da wuya aikin da kuma yawan aiki. a kowace shekara shi da kansa tsare wallafa da cewa yayi "Tarihi" a cikin wannan ma'ana shi ne dan zanga-zangar. Kamar yadda manya, Vladimir rubuta kowace rana, ba tare da togiya (wani lokacin a kan scraps na takarda, lokacin da hannunka ya ba wani abu ba).

jami'a aiki

Riga yana da shekaru 21 years Soloviev zama maigida da wani mataimakin farfesa. The aiki, wanda ya kare, aka mai taken matsayin "The Crisis of Western Falsafa". The saurayi yanke shawarar samun wani mataki ne ba a ƙasarsa ta Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg. Mene ne ra'ayi a cikin ta farko kimiyya takarda kare Solovev Vladimir? Hadishi soki sa'an nan rare a Turai positivism. Bayan samun babban digiri, ya tafi zuwa ga farko da manyan kasashen waje tafiya. Haifar da marubuci ya ziyarci Old World kuma Eastern kasashe, ciki har Misira. Tafiya ne zalla masu sana'a - Soloviev zama sha'awar spiritualism da Kabbalah. Bugu da kari, shi ne a Alexandria da kuma birnin Alkahira, ya fara aiki a kan ka'idar Sofia.

Dawo gida, Soloviev soma koyarwa a St. Petersburg University. Ya hadu, kuma ya zama m tare da Fedorom Dostoevskim. The author of "The Brothers Karamazov" kamar yadda wani samfur na Alesha zabi Vladimir Solovyov. A wannan lokaci, shi m wani Rasha-Turkish yaki. Kamar yadda ya mayar da martani Solovev Vladimir? Hadishi kusan tafi zuwa ga gaban matsayin mai sa kai, duk da haka, a ƙarshe lokacin canza tunaninsa. Ya ce da zurfin addini da kuma kin amincewa da yaki. A 1880 ya kare rubutun kuma ya zama likita. Duk da haka, saboda wani rikici da rector na jami'a - Mikhail Vladislavlev - Solovyov ba su samun post na farfesa.

Ƙarshe na koyarwa aiki

A juyo ga zurfin tunani ya zama 1881. Sa'an nan dukan ƙasar ta girgiza yunkuri kisan Tsar Alexander II. Wannan karkashin wadannan yanayi yi Solovev Vladimir? Hadishi, tsĩrar da jama'a lacca a wanda ya ce da shi wajibi ne don afuwa ga 'yan ta'adda. Wannan harka nuna halaye da kuma imani Solovyov. Ya yi imani da cewa gwamnati ba ta da hakkin ya kashe mutane, har ma a mayar da martani ga kisan. A ra'ayin na Kirista gãfara ya tilasta marubuci to wannan m, amma butulci mataki.

The karatu jagoranci zuwa ga abin kunya. Game da shi da ya zama sananne a sosai saman. Ministan cikin gidan kasar Loris-Melikov rubuta wani sabon tsar Alexander III memo, wanda ya bukaci autocrat ba ya azabtar da masanin falsafa saboda zurfin addini na karshen. Bugu da kari, marubucin na karatu ya dan wani mutunta tarihi, da zarar tsohon rector na Moscow University. Alexander a amsa kira Solovyov "psychopath" kuma ya fi bayar da shawara Konstantin Pobedonostsev dauke laifi a gaban kursiyin "hauka."

Bayan wannan Falsafa bar St. Petersburg State University, ko da yake a zahiri ya ba kora. Da fari dai, shi ne talla, kuma abu na biyu, marubucin son mayar da hankali fiye da a kan littattafai da articles. Sai bayan 1881 ya fara tsawon m flowering cewa tsira Solovev Vladimir. Hadishi rubuta ba tare da tsayawa ba, domin ga shi da shi shi ne kawai hanyar zuwa sami kudi.

Knight-m

Bisa ga memoirs na Sahaban, ya rayu Solovyov a m yanayi. Dindindin gida ya ba da. A marubuci zauna a cikin hotel-hotel, ko da abokai da yawa. Household inconstancy ne mafi sharri a gare kiwon lafiya. Bugu da kari, da Falsafa a kai a kai kiyaye wani m azumi. Kuma duk wannan yana tare da motsa jiki tsanani. A karshe, Solovyev akai-akai etched turpentine. Don wannan ruwa, shi ne bi da matsayin waraka da kuma abõkin. Turpentine dukan Apartments aka sharkaf.

Shubuha hanyar rayuwa da kuma marubuci ta suna yi wahayi zuwa ga mawãƙi Alexander Blok kira memoirs jarumi-m. Solovyov asali bayyana kanta a cikin komai. Marubuci Andrey Bely bar tunanin, a cikin abin da misali, ya ce cewa Falsafa yana da ban mamaki da dariya. Wasu abokai tunani ya Homeric da kuma m, wasu - shaidanci.

Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich sau da yawa ya tafi kasashen waje. A shekarar 1900, ta ƙarshe lokacin da ya koma zuwa Moscow, a saka a cikin wallafa nasa fassarar Plato ta ayyukansu. Sai marubuci ji dadi. Ya aka dauka zuwa Sergeyu Trubetskomu - addini Falsafa, publicist, jama'a adadi da kuma dalibi Soloviev. Iyalinsa mallakar Moscow Estate Bottleneck. Don Vladimir Sergeyevich likitoci isa ga sa wani m ganewar asali - "cirrhosis na koda" da "atherosclerosis". A jikin marubuci da aka ƙãre daga obalodi a tebur. Iyali ya rayu shi kadai, saboda haka ya bi halaye da kuma shafi Solovyov ba wanda zai iya. Gidan gona kunkuntar kuma ya zama wani wuri da ya mutu. Hadishi, ya rasu Agusta 13, 1900. Aka binne shi a Novodevichy hurumi, kusa da mahaifinsa.

balaga

A key ɓangare na wasiyya Vladimira Soloveva ne ta ra'ayin Allah-balaga. Wannan ka'idar da aka sa a gaba na farko da Falsafa a cikin "Lectures" a 1878. Its asali Jigo ne fitarwa na hadin kai na mutum da Allah. Solovyov bi da tare da zargi ga gargajiya taro bangaskiya na Rasha al'umma. Ya dauke m ayyukan hajji "ba na mutum ba."

Mutane da yawa wasu Rasha falsafa, kazalika da Solovyov kokarin sa hankali na nan jihar na Rasha Orthodox Church. A cikin koyarwar, marubucin amfani da kalmar Sophia, ko hikima, wanda ya zama rai na sabunta addini. Bugu da kari, ta yana da jiki - da Church. Shi ne da wata al'umma daga muminai, ya zama ainihin wani nan gaba manufa al'umma.

Solovyov a cikin "Lectures on Allah-balaga," ikirarin cewa Church, ta shiga wani tsanani rikicin. Shi ne fragmented da kuma ba shi da wani iko a kan zukatan mutane, kuma a cikin wurin wani sabon da'awar rare amma rigima ka'idar - positivism da gurguzanci. Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich (1853-1900) ya gamsu da cewa cikin hanyar wannan ruhaniya bala'i ya girma Faransa juyin juya halin, wanda ya girgiza, Harsashin saba Turai al'umma. The 12 karatu sharhi ƙoƙarin su tabbatar da cewa kawai sabunta coci da kuma addini iya dauka da akida injin, inda a karshen cikin XIX karni akwai mutane da yawa m siyasa theories. Solovyov bai rayu har zuwa na farko juyin juya halin a Rasha a 1905, amma sai ya ji shi zuwa gaskiya.

A ra'ayi na Sophia

Bisa ga ra'ayin da Falsafa, da manufa na hadin kai na Allah da mutum za a iya aiwatar a Sofia. Wannan misali ne na wani manufa jama'a dangane da Kirista soyayya na maƙwabcinka. Da yake jawabi game da Sophia matsayin matuƙar manufa na cigaban dan Adam, marubucin "Reading" kuma tada fitowar talikai. Ya bayyana ka'idar da cosmogonic tsari.

Littafi Falsafa Vladimir Solovyov (10 karatu) ya ba da wani Chronology na zargin duniya. Da farko, shi ne epoch na Astral. Marubuci ya danganta su da addinin Musulunci. Sa'an nan ya bi da Solar epoch. A lokacin da ta yi da rana, zafi, haske, magnetism da sauran jiki mamaki. A cikin shafukan da ayyukansa sharhi daura wannan lokaci da yawa da hasken rana addini asiri na tsufa - addini a Apollo, Osiris, Adonis kuma Hercules. Da zuwan a duniya kwayoyin rayuwa ta fara karshe, Telluric zamanin.

Wannan lokaci ya na musamman da hankali ga Vladimir Solovyov. Tarihi, Falsafa da kuma sharhi alama uku daga cikin mafi muhimmanci wayewar a tarihin 'yan adam. Wadannan mutane (Girkawa, 'yan Hindu da Yahudawa) zai bayar da farko ra'ayin wani manufa al'umma ba tare da zubar da jini da kuma sauran Mũnãnan ayyuka. Yana da aka yi wa'azi Iisus Hristos tsakanin Yahudawa da mutane. Solovyov bi da shi ba a matsayin mutum, amma a matsayin mutum wanda ya gudanar da farin cikin dukan 'yan Adam. Duk da haka, Falsafa yi imani da cewa mutane aza yafi abu fiye da na allahntaka. Rungumi wannan manufa ya zama Adam.

Jayayya game da Sofia, Vladimir Solovyov da bin ra'ayin cewa halitta na da rai guda. Ya yi imani da cewa mutãne kamata koyi da wannan tsari a lokacin da duk mutane suna da wani abu a na kowa. Wadannan ra'ayoyi na falsafa sami wani addini gani. Ya kasance cikin Uniate (watau bayar da shawarwari da hadin kai na coci). Akwai ma wani ra'ayin cewa ya tuba zuwa Katolika, ko da yake an yi jãyayya da Malaman tarihi saboda fragmentary yanayi da kafofin na inaccuracy. Ko ta wani hanya, amma Solovyov an aiki goyon bayan da daidaituwa da kasashen Turai da kuma Gabas Church.

"Beauty a Nature"

Daya daga cikin muhimman hakkokin ayyukan Vladimira Soloveva ne ya labarin "Beauty a Nature", da aka buga a 1889. Hadishi nazari a daki-daki, wannan sabon abu, ba shi da wani sa na maki. Alal misali, ya ga da kyau na hanyar canji na al'amarin. A lokaci guda Soloviev kira ga masu godiya kyakkyawa a kanta, ba a matsayin hanyar cimma wasu a raga. Ya kuma kira su da kyau na embodiment na wani ra'ayin.

Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich, a takaice biography wanda shi ne misalin marubucin rai, wanda zai shafi aikin a kusan dukkan duniyoyin da mutum aiki, wannan labarin kuma ta bayyana ra'ayi wajen art. A Falsafa yi imani da cewa da ya yi ko da yaushe yana daya kawai burin - don inganta da inganci da kuma tasiri a kan yanayi da mutum rai. Da muhawara game da manufar art ya rare a cikin marigayi XIX karni. Alal misali, a kan wannan batu ya yi magana Leo Tolstoy, da wanda marubuci a kaikaice jãyayya. Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich, wanda waqe an san kasa da ya falsafa ayyukansu, ya kuma wani mawãƙi, don haka ne ba ta muhawwara game da art. "Beauty a Nature" muhimmanci rinjayi halaye na kawo dukkan na Azurfa Age. Muhimmancin wannan labarin for your kerawa bikin marubuta Alexander Blok da Andrei Bely.

"A Meaning of Love"

Abin da ke bari a baya Vladimir Solovyov? Balaga (ta babban ra'ayi) da aka ɓullo da a jerin articles taken "The Meaning of Love", da aka buga a 1892-1893. Wadannan da aka ba ware littafin, kamar yadda wani ɓangare na daya dukan yanki. A farkon labarin Solovyov karyata ra'ayin cewa son ne kawai Hanyar haifuwa da kuma ci gaba da 'yan adam. Bugu da ari, marubuci idan aka kwatanta ta views. Ya idan aka kwatanta da motherboard, daki-daki, m, jima'i, sufi soyayya, soyayya ga Fatherland, da sauransu. D. A lokaci guda ya taɓa yanayi na son kai. Domin Soloveva Lyubov ne kawai da karfi da cewa zai iya sa mutum ya wuce abinda ya shafi gabar da shi.

Nuni kima na wasu Rasha masana falsafa. Alal misali, Nikolay Berdyaev yi ĩmãni da sake zagayowar "mafi ban mamaki cewa an rubuta game da soyayya." A Alexey Losev, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin marubuci ta biography, ya jaddada cewa Solovyov ĩmãni soyayya hanyar cimma madawwami hadin kai (ya kuma inganta cikin jiki ya zama).

"Hamzari na Good"

A littafin "hamzari na Good", rubuta a 1897, shi ne a key da'a aiki na Vladimir Solovyov. Marubucin ya shirya ya ci gaba da wannan aiki yana da sassa biyu da kuma, ta haka ne, to buga da trilogy, amma ba su da lokacin da wani sashe da ya ra'ayin. A cikin wannan littafin, marubucin ya kawo muhawara da cewa mai kyau ne a m da kuma mika wuyansu. A farko wuri saboda shi lissafinsu tushen dabi'ar mutum. Soloviev tabbatar da gaskiya da ra'ayin cewa duk mutane suna sane da haihuwar nufi da kunya, wanda ba a ilimi da kuma ba za a iya hõre ta daga waje. Ya kira, da sauran irin wannan halayyar da ingancin mutum - da tsõro, kuma tausayi.

Barka ne wani ɓangare na 'yan adam, domin shi ne ma aka ba da Allah. Solovyov, bayyana wannan rubutu, yafi amfani da Littafi Mai Tsarki kafofin. Ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa dukan tarihin 'yan adam - shi ne aiwatar da mi} a mulki daga daula yanayi da mulkin ruhu (cewa shi ne, daga m mugunta to mai kyau). An misali misali ne juyin halitta na da hanyoyin da azãba laifi. Solovyov ce cewa a ƙarshe bace manufa na jini fansa. Har ila yau a cikin wannan littafin ya sake yi magana fitar da yin amfani da hukuncin kisa.

"Three Conversations"

A tsawon shekaru, da falsafar kerawa ya rubuta da dama littattafai, laccoci, articles da sauransu. D. Amma, kamar kowane marubuci, ya kasance na karshe aiki, wanda daga bisani ya zama Summing up dogon lokacin da hanya. Me tsaya Vladimir Sergeevich Solovev? "Three Tattaunawa a War, Ci gaba da kuma karshen duniya tarihi" - don haka aka kira da littafin, rubuta a cikin bazara na shekarar 1900, jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa. Sai aka buga bayan marubucin tashi daga rayuwa. Saboda haka, da yawa Malaman tarihi da masu bincike sun zo ganin shi a matsayin wasiya ga m marubuci.

A falsafa Vladimira Sergeevicha Soloveva, shafi na da'a matsalar zubar da jini, dangane biyu theses. War - shi ne mugunta, amma ko da ta iya zama gaskiya. A matsayin misali, a zurfin tunani ba da misali daga m kamfen a Vladimir Monomakh Polovtsian steppe. Tare da wannan yaki, sarkin ya iya ajiye Slavic shiri daga cikin yankunan da hare-hare na steppe yan fiye da barata ya mataki.

A karo na biyu tattaunawar a kan batun ci gaba Solovyov ce juyin halittar dangantakar kasa da kasa, wanda aka gina a kan ka'idodin da zaman lafiya. Duk da yake mafi iko kasashen gaske ya so a samu daidaito tsakanin su a cikin wani hanzari canza duniya. Duk da haka, da Falsafa ba ga jini duniya yaƙe-yaƙe da ya barke a kango na wannan tsarin. A marubuci a karo na biyu tattaunawar jaddada cewa, babban events a tarihin 'yan adam da ya faru a Far East. Kamar dai yadda kasashen Turai raba tsakanin Sin da Japan ya hau kan wani hanyar kaifi ci gaba a yammacin model.

The uku magana na karshen duniya tarihin Solovyov, da ya saba da taƙawa jãyayya da cewa, duk da kyau yayi a duniya na sharri ne aka kiyaye su, da cewa shi ne, maƙiyin Kristi. A wannan ɓangare na falsafa na farko da na yi amfani da Kalmar "Panmongolism" wanda daga baya ya fara amfani da yawa mabiyansa. Wannan sabon abu ne ga ƙarfafa Asian al'umma da Turai mulkin mallaka. Soloviev yi imani da cewa, kasar Sin da kasar Japan shiga sojojin, ƙirƙirar guda daular kuma ku fitar da baki daga kasashen yankuna, ciki har da Burma.