Software - Menene wannan? Abin da wani Software Shirin?

Duk wani mai amfani da kwamfuta kowace rana ya gamu da ajalin kamar Software. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda zamani fahimtar da kalmar da aka fassara a matsayin "software" ko, a rage tsawon form, "PO" ( "m"). Bari mu bincika wasu muhimmanci al'amurran da software iri da kuma dangantaka da sauran gyara na kwamfuta tsarin. Saboda haka, abin da yake Software?

Janar Concepts

A wani janar ji Software - a sa na umarni, umarni a kan su aiwatar da a kan tushen da wani shirye-shirye da harshen, a shirin ko kafa na shirye-shirye da alhakin hadin gwiwa ba kawai tsakanin mai amfani da kwamfuta tsarin, amma kuma tsakanin abin da ake kira da baƙin ƙarfe aka gyara na kwamfuta ko wasu aikace-aikace da gina domin wasu dalilai.

Dangane da yadda shafi ayyuka na software, duk software za a iya raba da dama azuzuwan, wanda za a tattauna daga baya.

Hardware da Software: bambanci da kuma dangantaka

A fassarar wadannan biyu sharuddan zo tare da zuwan na farko kwakwalwa. Yau, an zaci cewa Hardware - Wannan hardware na kwamfuta ( "baƙin ƙarfe" aka gyara), wanda zai iya shãfe hannayensu (motherboard, processor, memory, peripherals, da kuma sauran na'urori a cikin tsarin, ko da alaka da shi).

Quite kishiyar fassarar ajalin a Software. Translation za a iya wakilta a zahiri kamar yadda "m ware". A mafi fadi hankali, shi ake nufi da cewa shirin ba za a iya shãfe, shi ne a hankali, ko da wani mai rumfa bangaren.

Kuma, mafi kayatarwa, domin yin amfani da "baƙin ƙarfe" ko samun ko ta damar iya yin komai dole ne dole a yi amfani da musamman software a cikin nau'i na musamman iko shirye-shirye, alhakin wasan kwaikwayon na irin wannan na'urorin (direbobi, buga da umurnin shigar da / BIOS fitarwa da kuma sauransu. D.) .

A lokaci Software kanta, da juyi da fassara daga wanda yanzu a yi amfani a ko'ina ne a cikin mahallin na software, ko a alfijir na kwamfuta kayan aiki da aka ba a amfani. Shi ne kawai a farkon 60-ies kafa gaba daya. Yana da alaka da gabatarwar bayyananne rabo daga teams alhakin manajan da kwamfuta ta hardware, da kuma karshen mai amfani. Shafi azuzuwan (Software da kuma Hardware) ya zama sananne hardware da software tsarin.

Nau'in software dogara ne a kan da dama sharudda

Kamar yadda Software - wannan ne shirin ɓangare na wani kwamfuta tsarin, wannan software za a iya raba da dama m Categories dangane da ayyuka da sanya shi. Alal misali, a kan yin amfani da kwafi software ne zuwa kashi Corporate (al'ada sanya na manyan kamfanonin da kamfanonin) da kuma software na da fadi da kewayon masu amfani.

Kamar yadda qa'idar portability iya zama dandali na musamman (aiki na musamman a cikin daya matsakaici da kuma daya da irin "baƙin ƙarfe"), da kuma giciye-dandamali (saba sosai daban-daban tsarin).

A cewar watsa nau'in za a iya raba mallakar tajirai software, bude (game da tushen code ga Open Source GNU Janar Jama'a License) da kuma free. Bugu da kari, a nan sukan hada for free, biya da kuma Shareware. A karshen irin aikace-aikace ne Mafi ko partially iyaka aiki ga wani lokaci, bayan wanda, shirin zai sami saya. In ba haka ba, za ta dakatar da aiki.

Amma da nufin rarrabuwa yakan haifar da wanzuwar uku m Categories software:

• tsarin.
• crafts.
• instrumental (ci gaban kayayyakin aiki, kayan aiki da kuma utilities).

tsarin Software

Kamar yadda tsarin aka gyara su ne ba kawai da aikace-aikace a cikin saba ji. A gaskiya ma, cikin Tsarukan aiki ne ma shirye-shirye.

Sau da yawa, duk da haka, tsarin software za a iya tunani na a matsayin irin Layer cudanya mai amfani da shirye-shirye daga tsarin aiki yanayi a abin da suke aiki, da kuma hardware cewa ya ƙunsa dauke da fitar da wani aiki (misali, wannan na'urar direbobi).

Don yin shi bayarda, za mu ba da wani sauki misali. Kai da Windows tsarin aiki (tsarin Layer), wani sauti katin ( "baƙin ƙarfe") da kuma kafofin watsa labarai player (aikace-aikace software). Don saundkarta iya haifa da sauti, za ka bukatar wani direban (tsarin software) da yake bayar da iko da na'urar da tsarin aiki, wanda shi ne dandamali ga player. Tun da tsarin gane na'ura, ta hanyar da umarni shi watsa su don sarrafa player, don gane da irin audio file yana amfani da wani musamman codecs da decoders (ƙarin software kayayyakin aiki). Dangantaka ne bayyananne.

aikace-aikace da shirye-shirye

Domin aikace-aikace da su sun hada dukan waɗanda aikace-aikace cewa ba gudu da tsarin da aka gyara ko amfani da su ne kawai a sashi, shirya da kyau-tsare musamman mai amfani da ɗawainiya.

Misali a yau za mu iya kawo da yawa: ofishin babban dakuna, kafofin watsa labarai Editocin, da tsarin na ilmin lissafi lissafin da kuma zane, tsãni zuwa ga Internet da kuma hanyar sadarwa management, data logger, da dai sauransu Kamar yadda ka gani, kowane irin software (Software) - kayan aiki da mayar da hankali a kan aiwatar .. kunkuntar kewayon ayyuka, da kuma interacts kai tsaye tare da mai amfani da dukan kwamfuta tsarin.

Tools & Kayan more rayuwa

A kayayyakin hada da software don ci gaba da kuma tabbatarwa da sauran iri software. Wannan na iya hada da dandali harshen shirye-shirye yanayi ci gaba, da SDK kunshe-, kwaro tracking da version iko.

Game da utilities, cewa a karkashin su sau da yawa yana nufin software don saita hardware sigogi, da kuma / ko software aka gyara na kwamfuta tsarin a cikin wani hadade, ba tare da wanda damar zuwa saituna na sauran hanyoyin da ba za a iya aiwatar. Irin wannan software za a iya hadedde a cikin tsarin aiki ko shigar dabam. A wasu lokuta, utilities iya amfani da cikakken aiki da saituna (misali, optimizers aikace-aikace gyara kwari da kuma haɓaka ƙarfin aiki na Windows-tsarin).

maimakon wani epilogue

A karshe, shi ne ya kamata a lura cewa mutane da yawa masu amfani sau da yawa kiwata wani tambaya game da lokaci Software: «Mẽne ne ga wannan shirin?" Wannan dabarar da ɗan ba daidai ba, tun da, kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, zai iya zama ba kawai guda aikace-aikace, amma kuma a sa na shirye-shirye, a sa na harshen dokokin, umarni da dokoki na shirye-shirye da harshen don sarrafa sauran aka gyara ko su canja wurin aiki da kuma kisa a cikin nau'i na binary code, misali, da tsakiyar processor.

Wannan rarrabuwa ne ma sosai matukar, domin a cikin bayanin da aka gabatar kawai main iri software ba tare da kara rabo a cikin subclasses, wanda a yau za a iya kidaya sosai, sosai. Amma ga na farko fahimtar ajalin Software talakawa mai amfani zai iya isar da wannan ilimi.