A US dollar. tarihi Hakika

Yau, babban duniya kudin - Amurka dollar. A tarihin daga cikin shakka daga wannan kudin da Rasha ruble fãra tun ta samu 'yanci, Amurka da kuma samuwar kudi tsarin da sabuwar kafa jihar.

A tsakiyar XIX karni. Amurka kudin da Rasha Empire su ne kawai specie. Takarda banknotes da aka gabatar a cikin wurare dabam dabam kawai bayan da farkon yakin basasa a Amurka, cewa shi ne, a 1861-1865 gg. A lokaci guda a cikin Rasha Empire biyu a layi daya monetary tsarin sarrafa: Azurfa tsabar kudi da kuma banknotes.

Canje-canje a cikin dollar kan ruble ga abolition na zinariya misali

An fara daga Afrilu 2, 1792 darajar da US kudin ya daidaita nasaba da zinariya. Wannan umarnin da aka gyarawa da umurnin majalisar dokokin Amurka. Kamar yadda wannan hukunci ya kafa marar sakewa halaye na zinariya dollar. Saboda haka, daya dollar auna 1,60493 grams ko 24,75 hatsi, da ta kudi da da kudin na Tsarist Russia ya 1 to 1.39 rubles. Wadanda farashin zauna a wuri har 1834, lokacin da aka yanke shawarar sanya wata zinariya dollar wadannan sigogi: 23.25 hatsi ko 1,50463 g zinariya. Daga wannan lokacin a kan kasa US kudin da da ruble aka canza da kuma 1 ga 1.3.

A 1897 da garambawul da aka aiwatar Witte. Saboda wadannan abubuwan cikin shakka daga cikin sabon zinariya ruble kan Amurka dollar canzawa a 1,94. Irin wannan dangantaka dade har zuwa farkon yakin duniya na farko.

A halin da ake ciki tare da kudi a post-revolution lokaci

Duk da haka, neman sauyi events a Rasha, yakin basasa da kuma tarzomar, tattalin arziki da hargitsi fara inji na catastrophic ragewar darajar kuɗi da ruble. Saboda haka, idan a cikin 1916 da rabo daga US dollar da ruble shi ne a wani matakin na 1 zuwa 6.7, sa'an nan a shekara daga baya Amurka dollar musayar kudi ya tashi zuwa 11. Bayan da cewa, har halittar da Tarayyar Soviet ruble depreciated hanzari. Sa'an nan kuma akwai wani sosai high dollar. A 1924, Tarayyar Soviet da aka za'ayi a monetary garambawul, wanda ya yi tasiri a kan m kudi tsarin. Soviet ruble zama goyon baya da zinariya a cikin wannan hanya kamar yadda aka yi a zamanin da Rasha Empire. Saboda haka, an mayar da da haihuwa kudi na ruble kan Amurka dollar - 1,94. Kafin 1934, har zuwa, wannan rabo zauna kusan canzawa.

A 1934, {asar Amirka ne, a cikin "Great mawuyacin" - wani sabon abu da ya shafi ba kawai a jihar kansa, amma kuma da dollar. Tarihi daga cikin shakka canje-canje. Gold goyon baya daga Amurka kudin da aka rage. A wannan lokaci, shi ne daidai 0.888661 grams na daraja karfe. Soviet ruble ƙarfafa yaƙi da dollar, da kuma quotes sun 1 zuwa 1,24 a cikin ni'imar da Amurka kudin.

Shekaru barga tsayayyen farashi

Tun lokacin da spring na 1950 ta kafa wani barga musayar kudi na Soviet ruble dangane da kasa kudin naúrar na Amurka a wani matakin na 1 zuwa 4. Wannan halin da ake ciki ya kasance canzawa har da aiwatar da monetary garambawul a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1961. Daga wannan lokacin har tsawon shekaru goma kafa wani ajali rabo tsakanin biyu ago a matakin 0,90 rubles da dollar. A tarihin Amirka kudin da da ruble daga wannan lokacin, kuma har da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet kome na ƙwarai ba daban-daban.

Exchange kudi hawa da sauka a cikin 70-90-ies

A m shekaru, da Soviet ruble kan Amurka monetary naúrar kullum fluctuated. Wadannan canje-canje suna da sakamakon daban-daban dalilai, ciki har da ragewar darajar kuɗi da dollar. Alal misali, a shekara ta 1972 da kuma 1973. rabo ya game 80 aninai da dollar. Tarihi darussa a cikin wadannan shekaru 15, da ke rubuce a karfafa da ruble, da hukuma musayar rates lissafta game da 75 aninai da dollar. Hakika, ko da a cikin wadanda shekaru akwai wani abin da ake kira "black market", inda dollar ya daraja fiye da. Amma na musamman muhimmancin, wannan ciniki dandamali samu a cikin 80s, a lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet kasance a cikin wani zurfin rikicin, da kuma Soviet ruble hukumance ci gaba da karfafa kan Amurka kudin. Duk da yake a hukumance da dollar ya daraja 60 kopecks, da kasuwanci kudi na jihar Bank of Tarayyar Soviet ya 1 zuwa 1,75 da da dollar da Amurka kudin a kan baki kasuwar za a iya sayi for 30-33 Soviet ruble.