Sociologist - shi ne gwani? Sociologist sana'a. shahararren sociologists

Yau akwai da yawa jobs wanda mutane ba su sani ba duk. Kuma idan fasahohin "mai aikin famfo" ko "malami", duk abin da yake bayyana a fili, cewa ba kowa zai iya amsa wannan tambaya na da wanda yake mai sociologist. Mutumin wanda aka tsunduma a nazarin zamantakewar al'umma. A mafi kullum, kuma ya kamata ba ƙidãya.

Wane ne wannan?

A farkon shi dole ne a ce cewa ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a - shi ne sosai sabon da sosai rayayye tasowa reshe na mutum ilmi. The abu na ta binciken ne ga al'umma baki daya. Riga a kan tushen da wannan za mu iya fahimtar cewa wani sana'a ne a "sociologist".

Wannan shi ne wani aiki na wani mutum wanda da taimakon wani m iri-iri na gudanar da bincike da hanyoyin (fi na kowa - safiyo da kuma questionnaires) da kuma ilmin lissafi aiki na data sa wasu karshe. Mafi sau da yawa, da manufar da nazari da dama matakai na raya kasa na al'umma da kuma halaye na wasu kungiyoyin na yawan jama'a. Bayan wani sociologist na da sakamakon kamata kuma ba da wasu shawarwari a kan yadda za a magance data kasance matsala.

Kullum magana, da sociologist - shi ne a cikin wasu ji na musamman da Multi-faceted masanin wanda dole ne mallaka ba kawai wani agaji ilmi da basira to da psychologist, don sadarwa tare da mutane. Ya dole ne ma cikin ilmin lissafi ikon yadda ya kamata aiwatar da sakamakon samu ta hanyar bincike.

Abin da ke sa a sociologist?

Wanda ya shafi wata sana'a na "ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a"? Abin da za a iya magance da mutum wanda ya shafi wannan matsayi?

1. A binciken da yawan jama'a. Yana za a iya za'ayi da dama hanyoyin. Yana iya zama mai questionnaires, hirarraki, a-zurfin hira, da hirar da sauransu. D. Kafin ka tambaya mutane ko wani rukuni na mutane, shi ne wani sociologist nasu tambayoyi.
2. Sa'ad da dukan bayanai da aka samu, da gwani dole ne aiwatar da duk bayani. Sashe na daga cikin aikin da aka yi da hannu, da kuma wasu - a kan kwamfuta da musamman shirye-shirye. Alal misali, SPSS ko OSA.
3. Bisa ga wadannan sakamakon sociologist kamata zana takamaiman karshe a kan jama'a moods.
4. Bugu da ari, wannan mutum dole ne samar da wata hanya ta fita daga cikin halin da ake ciki, ko kuma yin shawarwari don magance wannan matsalar.

Za ka iya yin kananan Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a - shi ne mutum wanda yayi kokarin canza al'umma a cikin mafi kyau strontium. A sakamakon wasu nazarin ma sau da yawa zama tushen takamaiman ayyuka ko ayyuka da cewa yin wani iri-iri na gwamnati kuma na maras gwamnati kungiyoyin.

Quality, wanda dole ne a sociologist

"Sociologist" sana'a ɗauka cewa mutum bakan da wasu sirri da mutum halaye:

1. Wannan mutum dole ne dole da kimiyya hankali. Bayan duk, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a - ba kawai amfani da kimiyya. Rubuta mai kyau tambayoyi da pre-bincika da moods al'umma iya ba kowa da kowa.
2. Creative m aiki. A gudanar da nazari don zaton Azancin da fasali mai kananan. Wani lokaci sociologists bukatar yarda da wadanda ba misali mafita.
3. A sociologist dole kansa munã mãsu lazimta, meticulous. A gaskiya ma, bayan da binciken bukatar aiwatar da babbar yawa bayani. Kuma za bukatar lokaci mai yawa da kuma aiki.
4. A gwani dole ne ma da m basira. Bayan duk, wani lokacin shi wajibi ne don tambaya da "wuya" category na yawan jama'a. Alal misali, miyagun ƙwayoyi addicts ko fursunonin. Kuma irin wadannan mutane da a sami wani m.
5. Broad Outlook ne ma wajibi ne don sociologists. Suna bukatar ganin duniya da kuma halin da ake ciki a cikin daban-daban tsinkaya, ya shafi dukan wadanda ba hukunci, kuma m.
6. Kuma mafi muhimmanci: da sociologist daukan cikakken alhakin sakamakon binciken. Wannan ya kamata a tuna da.

Ina iya da mutum ya ƙunsa?

Ina iya da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na aikin? The aiki za a iya samu a cikin wadannan kungiyoyi:

1. Tuntubar kamfanonin ko sociological hikimar tantance cibiyoyin.
2. A cikin birni da kuma jihar hukumomi.
3. Human Resources.
4. A kungiyoyi da cewa suna tsunduma a talla ko dangantaka da jama'a.
5. Kafofin watsa labarai.
6. A daban-daban marketing sashen a kan wani kai mutunta kamfanin.

Ilimin halayyar da iyayenta

Har da 18th karni da aka dauke shi a falsafar "kimiyya na kimiyyar" kuma dauki jagorantar wuri. A hankali, duk da haka, sai ta fara reshe kashe da tattalin arziki, historiography, fikihu. Kuma a nuna na 18-19 ƙarni, akwai wani kimiyya na al'umma, wanda aka kira ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a.

Dabam son magana game da abin da irin mutanen da aka fi sani sociologists ɓullo da wannan yanki na ilimi ko da kafin ya zama mai raba kimiyya:

1. Ogyust Kont. Yana kuma ake kira "mahaifin nazarin zamantakewar al'umma". Ya kyan gani, jama'a a matsayin dual kwayoyin, daya ɓangare na abin da yake a ci gaba da jerin nazarin halittu. A wasu kasance wani sabon abu, jama'a-adam (ajalin O.Kont).
2. Tabbata a ce 'yan kalmomi game da wannan Faransa masanin, Emile Durkheim. A cikin rubuce-rubucen, ya bayyana mahara hanyoyin gudanar da bincike, wanda yana amfani da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a yau.
3. Herbert Spencer da aka mai bin Auguste Comte da kuma kara raya da ka'idar juyin halitta tare da girmamawa ga al'ummar dan Adam. An ce, a cikin ra'ayi, kuma ya aikata aiki dauke da ya rinjayi ka'idar Charles Darwin.
4. Thomas Hobbes, da Turanci Explorer, da farko ya halitta contractual ka'idar asalin jihar. A bambanci, shi ne ka'idar Faransa masanin kimiyya zh. Zh. Russo, wanda ya yi magana da cewa jihar shi ne wani sakamako na rashin daidaito a cikin al'umma ne.
5. Sauran sanannun masana kimiyyar zaman takewa wanda ɓullo da wannan kimiyya kafin bullo da :. John Locke, Adam Smith, F. Tonnies, Charles Lumbroso, da dai sauransu ...

American ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a

A babban taimako ga ci gaban wannan kimiyya sun sanya da kuma American sociologists.

1. T. Parsons. Ina kokarin fahimtar dukkan fannoni na zaman jama'a duniya, da kuma musamman yadda za a ba da labari ga zamani ci gaba da jama'a rayuwa.
2. R. Merton. Ya yi karatu da ginin zamantakewa da kuma tasirin da take da a kan zamantakewa mataki.
3. E. Mayo. Bisa hottornskih gwaje-gwajen da ya fara magana game da yanayin da mutum dangantaka da kuma na yau da kullum da cibiyoyin sadarwa.
4. Maslow. Shi ne wanda ya kafa shahara dala na matsayi na ɗan adam bukatun.
5. Sauran American sociologists, wanda kuma ci gaba ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a matsayin kimiyya: A. Small, George G. Meade, Thomas W. et al ..

Rasha ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a wanda ɓullo da wannan kimiyya

Dabam shi wajibi ne domin ya shaidi ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na Rasha, wanda aka rayayye tasowa wannan kimiyya kan na karshe biyu na ƙarni.

1. MM Kovalevsky. Positivist, mai bin Auguste Comte. Ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko zuwa shafi kimiyya da kuma tarihi hanya, wanda ya taimake shi don gano fitowan da kuma ci gaban da mahara zaman jama'a mamaki.
2. P. Mechnikov. Ya ba kawai a geographer, amma kuma babban gwani a sociological ilmi. Masana kimiyya sun yi karatu yadda al'umma ya dogara da hydrological dalilai (koguna, tekuna, tekuna).
3. AI Stronin, PF Lilienfeld. The mabiya Herbert Spencer, waɗanda suka isa zuwa tafi bayan na gargajiya tsarin na kiyasi "Society na jiki." Society riga dauke a matsayin irin "social jiki."
4. K. M. Tahtarev. Daya daga cikin na farko da za a yi amfani da Rasha a fannin nazarin zamantakewar al'umma empirical hanyoyin - kallo, gwaji. Ya ce cewa ba tare da lissafi ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a kawai ba zai iya aiki.
5. PA Sorokin. Karfi da gudummawar da hanzari na aiwatar da institutionalization na ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a matsayin kimiyya. Duniya san shi da ka'idar sociological stratification a cikin abin da al'umma kyan gani ta fuskar da a kwance, kuma a tsaye motsi.
6. Wasu Rasha sociologists, wanda su ma sun yi wata babbar gudummawa ga wannan kimiyya: SA Muromtsev N. A. Korkunov NI Kara, Ya. L. Lavrov, Ya. K. Mihaylovsky da sauransu.

Modern Rasha sociologists

Dabam shi wajibi ne don ma la'akari da Jihar Rasha ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, wanda wannan rana ne masu tasowa wannan kimiyya.

1. Boris dubin. Sociologist, mawãƙi da kuma fassara. Ya bincika Rasha matasa na kasa sociological, da siyasa, da al'adu, da post-Soviet} ungiyoyin jama'a. Wallafa wani yawan takardunku.
2. VA poisons, AG natsuwar tunanina. Wadannan masana kimiyyar zaman takewa tsunduma a zamantakewa al'amurran da suka shafi, wanda abin ya shafa aiki da dama.
3. VN Shubkin kuma AI Todorosky. Mun yi nazari a kan matsalolin da na kauye da birni.
4. Yadu da aka sani a matsayin Boris dubin, a sociologist zh. T. Toschenko. Ya yi karatu zamantakewa shiryawa, zamantakewa yanayi. Ya rubuta muhimmanci ƙwarai a kan ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da kuma ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na aiki.

Wasu zamani Rasha sociologists: N. I. Lapin, V. Kuznetsov, V. I. Zhukov da sauransu.