Schrodinger ka'idar: description, fasali, da kuma aikace-aikace-gwajen

Wannan labarin ya bayyana abin da ka'idar Schrödinger. Gudunmawar da wannan babban malamin a kimiyyar zamani, da kuma bayyana su ƙirƙira wani tunani gwaji game da wani cat. A takaice delineate da ikon yinsa, daga irin wannan ilimi.

Erwin Schrödinger

Proverbial cat cewa ba da rai kuma matattu yanzu yi amfani da ko'ina. Game da shi yin fina-finai a masa mutunci kira da al'umma game da kimiyyar lissafi da kuma dabbobi, da akwai ko da wani iri na tufafi. Amma mafi yawan mutane nufin da paradox tare da m cat. Amma game da kafa, Erwin Schrödinger, ayan manta. An haife shi a Vienna, wanda ya sa'an nan bangare na Austria-Hungary. Ya kuwa ɗan sosai ilimi da kuma m iyali. Mahaifinsa, Rudolf, samar linoleum da kuma zuba jari, a ciki har da kimiyya. Mahaifiyarsa kuwa ta kasance 'yar wani sunadarai, kuma Erwin sau da yawa ya tafi zuwa sauraron kakansa lacca Academy.

Tun da daya daga cikin grandmothers na kimiyyar da aka wata Baturiya, tun suna yara yana sha'awar waje harsuna da kuma ƙware Turanci. Ba mamaki, da Schrodinger makaranta a kowace shekara shi ne mafi kyau a cikin aji, da kuma jami'a tambayi wuya tambayoyi. A kimiyya, farkon karni na ashirin da an riga an gano sabani tsakanin mafi bayyana ta gargajiya kimiyyar lissafi da kuma hali na micro- da Nano-barbashi. Don warware sabani cewa tashi, suka jefa dukan sojojin Erwin Schrödinger.

Taimako zuwa kimiyya

Da farko, bari mu ce cewa likita tsunduma a yankunan da yawa daga kimiyya. Duk da haka, a lokacin da muka ce "Schrodinger ka'idar", muna nufin ba halitta su ne siriri ilmin lissafi bayanin irin launi, da kuma taimako ga jimla makanikai. A wannan lokacin, da fasaha, da gwaji da kuma ka'idar je hannu da hannu. Ci gaba m, na farko a jere, ya gano sabon abu na radioactivity aka rubuta. Masu bincike suka karbi sakamakon cewa a hankali mu'amala da theorists: yarda, da gaba da juna, jayayya. Created sabon makarantu da kuma rassan kimiyya. Duniya taka leda a sosai launi daban-daban, da kuma 'yan Adam, ya samu sabon wasanin gwada ilimi. Duk da wuya daga cikin ilmin lissafi na'ura don bayyana abin da ka'idar Schroedinger, sauki harshe kamar yadda zai yiwu.

A jimla duniya - yana da sauki!

Sananne ne cewa sikelin da abubuwa yana da tasiri kai tsaye a kan sakamakon. Bayyane ido abubuwa yi biyayya da Concepts na gargajiya kimiyyar lissafi. A ka'idar Schrödinger ne m ga jikin na size na ɗari zuwa ɗaya da ɗari nanometers ko kasa. Ã'a, mafi yawansu duk da shi ne duk game da mutum kwayoyin zarra da karami barbashi. Kamar wancan kowane kashi Microsystems lokaci guda yana da kaddarorin biyu barbashi da kuma kalaman (kalaman-barbashi biyuntakar). Daga cikin kayan duniya da electrons, protons, neutrons, da sauransu. N. Shin muhimmi nauyi da kuma related inertia, gudu, hanzari. Daga msar tambayar kalaman - sigogi kamar mita da kuma rawa. Domin fahimtar yadda shi ne zai yiwu a lokaci guda, da kuma dalilin da ya sa suka ba za a iya rabu da juna, masana kimiyya bukatar da za a duba duk janar ra'ayin tsarin kwayoyin halitta.

A ka'idar Schrödinger nuna cewa shifran, wadannan biyu Properties suna da alaka ta gina kira da kalaman aiki. Samun ilmin lissafin bayanin wannan ra'ayi kawo Schrödinger Nobel Prize. Duk da haka, da jiki da ma'anar abin da aka dangana wa da shi da marubucin ba ne yayi daidai da ra'ayoyi da Bohr, Sommerfeld, Heisenberg da Einstein, wanda ya kafa da ake kira Copenhagen fassarar. "Cat paradox" Saboda haka ya tashi.

kalaman aiki

Idan ya zo ga micro-duniya na firamare barbashi, ne m Concepts muhimmi a cikin Macro-sikelin: taro, juz'i, gudun, size. Kuma zo a cikin da kansa mawuyacin halin yiwuwa. Abubuwan da wannan size ba shi yiwuwa a kafa wani mutum - mutane ne kawai kaikaitacce hanyoyi na koyo. Alal misali, a tsiri na haske a kan Na'urar haska allo ko a cikin fim, da yawan akafi, da kauri daga cikin ajiyar fim. All sauran - yankin lissafin.

A ka'idar dogara ne a kan Schrodinger lissafai da ya kai wannan masanin kimiyya. A wani na game bangaren na kalaman aiki. Yana a fili ya bayyana irin da jimla Properties na barbashi bincika. An yi imani da cewa kalaman aiki nuna halin, misali, electron. Duk da haka, ta, ya saba wa ra'ayoyi na marubucin, da jiki ba ya sa hankali. Wannan shi ne kawai dace ilmin lissafi kayan aiki. Tun a cikin wannan takarda mun gabatar da ka'idar Schrödinger sauki kalmomi, sai ka ce cewa square da kalaman aiki ya bayyana yiwuwar gano da tsarin a cikin wani qaddara jihar.

Cat a matsayin misali macroobject

Tare da wannan fassarar, da ake kira da Copenhagen, marubucin bai yarda kafin karshen rayuwa. Ya ƙi vagueness na manufar yiwuwa, kuma ya nace a kan tsabta daga cikin aiki da kanta, ba square.

A matsayin misali na irin wannan gazawar da wakilci, ya bayar da hujjar cewa, a wannan yanayin da takaice zai shafi Macro-abubuwa. A ka'idar Schrödinger ta cat ne kamar haka: idan a wani shãfe haske akwatin sanya wani rai gabar (misali, cat) da kuma wani kwantena da guba gas, wanda ya buɗe lokacin da wani rediyoaktif kashi ƙãrẽwa, kuma ya zauna rufaffiyar, idan rashin lafiya ba ya faruwa, kafin bude akwatin mu samu cikin paradox. A cewar jimla Concepts, da zarra na wani rediyoaktif kashi tare da wasu yiwuwa a cikin wani lokaci zai fada baya. Saboda haka, domin dalilai zarra lokaci guda, da kuma ba da matukin jirgi ganewa. Kuma, kamar yadda Schrödinger ka'idar, domin wannan rabo na yiwuwa da cat lokaci guda matattu da kuma rai in ba haka ba. Abin da za ka yarda, shi ne m, a gare bude akwatin, mun sami daya kawai yanayin na dabba. Kuma a cikin rufaffiyar ganga, gaba ga m kwantena, da cat matattu da rai, ko, kamar yadda wadannan Manuniya ne mai hankali da kuma ba ya unsa matsakaici bambance-bambancen karatu.

Wannan sabon abu ne musamman, amma ba tukuna cikakken tabbatar bayani ba tare da iyakance lokaci da yanayi domin kayyade musamman yanayin tamkar cat wannan gwaji a fili paradoxical. Duk da haka, jimla inji dokoki ba za a iya amfani da macroscopic abubuwa. Hakazalika, zana wani layi tsakanin takaice da kuma ya saba da ya faru ba tukuna. Duk da haka, dabba da girman da cat, babu shakka - macroobject.

A aikace-aikace na jimla makanikai

Kamar yadda da wani, ko da msar tambayar, effects, shi kiwata tambaya na abin da zai iya zama da amfani a Schrödinger ta cat. The Big Bang Theory, misali, ta dogara ne a kan matakai da suke da dangantaka da wannan tunani gwaji. Duk da cewa nasa ne da matsananci-high gudu, su- tsarin kwayoyin halitta, da binciken na sararin samaniya kamar yadda irin wannan da aka bayyana ciki har da jimla makanikai.