Schrödinger ta cat - sanannen gwaji paradoxical

Schrödinger ta cat - sanannen tunani gwaji. An saka da bikin ta Nobel a kimiyyar lissafi - Austria masanin kimiyya Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger.

Jigon da gwajin da aka kamar haka. A cikin rufaffiyar jam'iyya (akwatin) da aka sanya cat. A akwatin sanye take da wani inji wanda qunshi wani rediyoaktif tsakiya da kuma mai guba gas. A sigogi aka zaba don haka da cewa a cikin sa'a daya da yiwuwar samun nukiliya lalace ne daidai hamsin cikin dari. Idan tsakiya disintegrates, da inji zai zo a cikin sakamako da kuma zai bude wani akwati na guba gas. Saboda haka, Schrödinger ta cat mutu.

Bisa ga dokokin na jimla makanikai, idan ba ka tsayar da tsakiya, ta Halin za a iya bayyana bisa ga ka'ida na superposition na biyu na asali jihohin - da tsakiya rududdugaggu da nĩƙaƙƙun. Kuma a nan akwai wani paradox: Schrodinger ta cat, wanda yake zaune a cikin wani akwatin, na iya zama matattu da kuma rai a lokaci guda. Amma idan ka bude akwatin, da experimenter gani kawai daya musamman jihar. Ko "core rushe, da kuma cat ne matattu" ko "core da aka raba, da kuma Schrödinger ta cat ne da rai."

Azancin, da fitarwa za mu yi da daya daga abubuwa guda biyu: ko dai wani live cat ko wani matattu cat. Amma a nan ne m dabba ne a duka jihohin a lokaci daya. Schrodinger kokarin haka ya tabbatar da ra'ayinsu game da gazawar jimla makanikai.

Bisa ga Copenhagen fassarar na jimla kimiyyar lissafi, kuma wannan gwaji musamman, da cat a daya daga cikin mai yiwuwa lokaci (matattu-da rai) yakan mallaki wadannan kaddarorin kawai bayan wani waje Kiyayewa zai tsoma baki tare da tsari. Amma a nan sai wannan Kiyayewa ba ba (a nan tana nufin gaban wani mutum, wanda yana da abũbuwan amfãni a cikin nau'i na tsabta da hangen nesa da kuma sani), da cat zai kasance cikin igiyar ruwa "tsakanin rai da mutuwa."

Shahararren tsohon karin magana da cewa cat tafiya ta kanta, yakan mallaki sabon da ban sha'awa tabarau na mahallin da wannan gwaji.

A cewar Everett ta da yawa-halittu fassarar, wanda ya bambanta markedly daga gargajiya Copenhagen, da sa ido tsari ne ba a dauke su da wani abu na musamman. Dukansu jihohi, wanda zai iya zama Schrodinger cat a cikin wannan fassarar iya zama. Amma da suka decohere tare da juna. Wannan yana nufin cewa hadin kai na wadannan jihohi da zai karye kamar guda a matsayin sakamakon hulda da waje duniya. Shi ne da Kiyayewa wanda ya buɗe akwatin, da kuma tada cat jihar.

An yi imani da cewa kalman karshe a cikin wannan al'amari ya kamata a bar irin wannan halitta kamar yadda Schrödinger ta cat. Ma'anar irin wannan ra'ayi - yarda da gaskiyar ne da cewa cikin wannan gwajin, shi ne kawai dabba gaba daya m Kiyayewa. Alal misali, masana kimiyya Max Tegmark, Bruno Marshal da kuma Hans Morava gyara gabatar sama gwaji, inda babban ra'ayi ne view cat. A wannan yanayin, Schrödinger ta cat ne tabbatar da tsira, saboda sakamakon za a iya lura kadai tsira cat. Amma masanin kimiyya Nadab Katz wallafa sakamakon, wanda ya ya iya "mayar da" Jihar barbashi baya bayan canza ta status. Saboda haka, da chances na rayuwa a cat kara appreciably.