Mnemonic memory tsari: iri, ci gaba da kuma halaye

Memory ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci sharuddan a Psychology. Wannan ra'ayi mu sau da yawa sosai amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum. Memory a Psychology kira Mnemonic aiki. Wannan sunan yana da wani ban sha'awa asalin - a madadin uwar tara muses da allahiya na memory Mnemosyne. Ancient Greek mythology ma halaye na wannan sabuwar dabara aljanna haske da magana. Wannan takarda ta gabatar da halaye na Mnemonic matakai da aka bayyana su siffofin da iri.

darajar memory

Memory ne mahada tsakanin da, yanzu da kuma nan gaba na mutum. Yana hidima a matsayin tushen da shafi tunanin mutum aiki. Bugu da kari, da Mnemonic tsari - mafi muhimmanci yanayin ga rayuwar kowanne daga cikinmu, mu horo da kuma ci gaba. A wasu kasashe, aka yanke shawarar kafa Monuments ba nasara amma shan kashi. Shi ya ba mutane mafi damar tsira a nan gaba.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Mnemonic matakai na memory ne ba sabon ilmi to "cire". Suna kawai kerata da kuma shirya duk da cewa "mined" wasu fahimi tafiyar matakai. Wannan ya faru bisa ga bukata da kuma kadarorinsu. A rarrabe da memory, kazalika da rai, shi ne ya mayar da hankali a kan gaba, cewa shi ne, ba a kan abin da sau daya ne, kuma cewa za a yi amfani a nan gaba. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya ce cewa mutum memory, sakamakon wani bambance bambancen da kwarewa ga hadin kai, Halicci musamman da unrepeatable, Yãna halitta ainihi. A gaskiya ma, ya rasa shi - wajen rasa kome.

Memory matsayin duniya halayyar al'amarin

Mnemonic memory matakai ba su da m gatan mutumin. Su ne samuwa a daban-daban kwayoyin a dukkan matakai na rayuwa. Memory ne a general ikon ci gaba burbushi na tsohon al'amari daukan hotuna. Alal misali, shi rike wannan duniya tamu "tunanin" na events, matakai da mamaki na baya.

Development of rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a duniya ya kai ga zargin wani qualitatively daban-daban damar: ba kawai ajiye, amma kuma ya haifa abin da aka sau da harka. Yana da wuya a sa a cikin tambaya da cewa wannan memory ne hali na dabbobi. Duk da haka, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar nazari da masana kimiyya, wadannan kwayoyin Mnemonic matakai ba su rabu da matakai na ji. Žwažwalwar ajiya na wannan irin bayyana kanta, da farko kamar yadda fitarwa a wani karo da aka ba abu, kuma abu na biyu, kamar yadda akan tsinkayar hotuna, idan wani image ya ci gaba da ganin, ba ya tuna. Similar memory, kira a matsayin eidetic, halin da al'umman da suke a farkon matakai na ta ci gaba, kazalika da yara. Duk da haka, wani lokacin shi ake lura a manya.

The bayani dalla-dalla na zuciyar dan Adam, ta nazari

A hankali, a lokacin da samuwar mutum a matsayin zamantakewa kasancewarsa shi ne ci gaban da Mnemonic tafiyar matakai. Memory aka ƙara inganta, sabon fasali da shi. Mutane sun Mnemonic matakai, wanda zai iya ba kawai rikodin events na baya da kuma wasa da su, amma kuma a sakamakon tunanin da wani batu. Wannan nau'i na memory mutum bayyana matsayin su girma. Wani yaro yaro, wanda shekaru ne biyu zuwa uku da shekaru, ba peculiar zuwa ga dangantaka da baya su tunanin, saboda Concepts kamar "gobe" da "jiya", mugu kome a gare shi.

Bayan fara nazarin asali Mnemonic matakai, Psychology ya zama wani gwaji kimiyya. A hanya na farko karatu ya sauki isa. Mutum-da-tuna bayar da dama na kayan: haruffa, lambobi, kalmomin (as m, kuma m), da dai sauransu Wannan ya taimaka masu bincike domin sanin ko alamu na Mnemonic matakai ...

Rayuwa da aikin kowanne daga cikinmu ne bambancin, sabili da haka siffofin memory akwai quite mai yawa. A takaice dai look at cikin manyan wadanda.

motor memory

Wannan shi ne wani nau'i na memory ajiya, ajiya, da kuma m sake kunnawa na daban-daban ƙungiyoyi. Wannan shi ne farkon iri-iri na Mnemonic tsari da ya auku a farkon wuri, kuma daga baya sauran vuya. Ko bayan shekaru talatin na katsewa wani mutum zai iya samu nasarar wasa da Piano, ya hau kan gudu kan kankara ko hau keke. Gaskiyar ita ce, domin irin wannan ayyuka dace da babban memory Mnemonic tafiyar matakai.

wani tunanin ƙwaƙwalwar

Yana nufin da abubuwan, ji. Wani tunanin ƙwaƙwalwar ne ma wani wuri form. Kuna ganin cewa an fi tuna: korau ko tabbatacce wani tunanin? Amsa kanka wannan tambaya, sa'an nan ya ajiye shi zuwa ga wasu. A sakamakon wannan binciken zai zama kai tsaye gaban amsoshi.

Gaskiyar cewa ingancin wani tunanin da kwarewa (tabbatacce ko korau) bai saka tsawon lokacin da za a adana a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. Ga hannu ne janar dokokin, bisa ga abin da gaba-neman mutum halin yanzu events ne mafi kusantar su ci gaba a cikin ransa, ko da abin da suka kasance. Haka kuma, muhimmanci m fasali na mutum. Wasu daga cikin mu fi son a kula da kwarewa tabbatacce, yayin da wasu - korau motsin zuciyarmu.

dimbin yawa memory

Wannan memory ne zuwa kashi na gani, olfactory, tactile da auditory. Aiki zuwa ga wani category ne m da abin da analyzer fiye da wasu da hannu a cikin fahimta da kayan da za a adana. A core na samar da wadannan sauki dangantakar an dimbin yawa memory (jam'iyya):

• contiguity lokacin hada biyu ko fiye mamaki bayyana a cikin wannan sarari, ko kuma duka biyun;
• Kama (mamaki wanda da irin wannan fasali).
• da bambanci (m mamaki).

Dole ne in ce cewa shaidu aka kafa ba da kansu. Dole ne mutum ya shiga rayayye a cikin wannan tsari. Da farko, kana bukatar ka gano su, sa'an nan rikodin wadannan sadarwa a cikin nau'i na ji, kuma kawai bayan da cewa sun zama memory images.

Memory fi'ili dabaru

Da abun ciki na form mnemic matakai ne tunani cewa an bayyana, a wani m, ko fi'ili tsari da kuma gabatar a cikin wani takamaiman ma'ana tsarin. Wannan mayar da hankali a kan ma'anar, wannan shi ne abin da suka ce, halayyar fi'ili da kuma ma'ana memory. Wayarwa a kan tsari, cewa shi ne hanyar da aka ce, shi ya bayyana a cikin biyu lokuta:

• a wajen tunani retarded yara, tun da sun ayan tuna da kayan kalma for kalma, saboda za su iya fahimta ba ma'anarta.
• a cikin mutane tare da high ilimi ci gaba, wanda haka sauƙi, kuma da sauri fahimci ma'anar cewa suna iya ganin kyakkyawa da siffan bãya gare shi.

Game da kungiyar na Mnemonic tsari, su ne na biyu. A wasu kalmomin, da suka bayyana da farko kamar yadda shafi tunanin mutum da ake gudanar da ayyuka, sa'an nan kuma ajali (a maimaitawa), sa'an nan zama mnemic ayyukan hidima ga kungiyar na ciki da kwarewa da kuma da canji. Saboda haka, idan mutum ya fito daga samartaka, yana so ya inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, tunanin ya kamata ya yi, cewa shi ne, da samuwar daban-daban shafi tunanin mutum da ayyukan, a karkashin nauyin Mnemonic tafiyar matakai.

A horo idan adadin kayan da cewa yana bukatar ya tuna, mai girma, ko idan kana so ka riƙe da wani gagarumin adadin bayanai, mutane koma ga tsarin ilmantarwa. Yana wakiltar haddacewa, wanda manufar - ya riƙe abu a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. Haddacewa ne na ginin jumla, kusa da rubutu da kuma na zahiri. Da masu bincike gano cewa, sake kayan cewa kana so ka tuna, shi ne mafi alhẽri a wasu lokaci bayan an samu.

Wadannan Mnemonic 4 babban matakai:

• ra'ayoyi abu.
• fuskantarwa a littattafai.
• kafa intergroup sadarwa (dangantakar) tsakanin abubuwa daga cikin kayan.
• da kafa ciki-kungiya a tsakaninsu.

Wadannan ayyuka ba su da nufin karfafa da kuma tsare. Suna bukatar farko na dukkan yi wasa. Akwai hadaddun na ginin jumla jam'iyya, wanda yana amfani da fi'ili da kuma ma'ana memory. Suna nasaba mamaki cewa an halin da asalin, aiki da sauransu. D. Akwai irin dangantakar da bangare kuma dukan, jinsin da kuma HALITTAR, hanyar da sakamako, wanda ba a ba kai tsaye a ji. Wajibi ne a gudanar da wani jerin shafi tunanin mutum aikin da za su haskaka wadannan links da kuma gyara su.

Sauran dalilan da rarrabuwa na

Har ila yau siffofin daban-daban na memory da aka jera a sama, akwai kuma iri mnemic tafiyar matakai an kasaftawa bisa ga wadannan sharudda: gaban manufa, da hanyoyin da adanar wajen, kuma domin adanar lokaci bayani. Mafi na kowa ne rabo na karshen. A takaice bayyana babban iri memory for adanar lokaci bayani.

azanci shine memory

Wannan irin Mnemonic tsari wanda aka yi a tsoka mai amsa sigina matakin. Bayani haka adana for game da kwata na biyu. Yana da lokacin zama dole domin mafi girma sassa na kwakwalwa ya kusantar da hankali ga shi. Idan wannan bai faru, da bayanai da aka share, sa'an nan sabon data daukan ta wuri.

Short-lokaci memory

A gaba da irin memory - gajere. Wannan Mnemonic tsari ne halin da wani karamin girma cewa yana 7 ± 2 abubuwa. Dan kadan da kuma su ajiya (kamar minti 5-7). Lokacin da ra'ayoyi abubuwa su ƙãra gajere memory: ba kome, shi zai zama bakwai phrases ko haruffa bakwai da ita. Man ƙoƙarin ajiye bayanai na tsawon lokaci, ta fara maimaita.

bazuwar damar ƙwaƙwalwar

RAM - Mnemonic tsari game da na yanzu aiki. Saboda haka, lokacin da ajiye bayanai a cikin wannan yanayin ne m da bukatar wannan aiki. Alal misali, mutum ya ambaci, abin da suke ta dijital sharuddan a lokacin da warware matsaloli. Lokacin da ya yanke shawarar da shi, sai ya manta game da shi.

tsaka-tsaki memory

Intermediate memory - Mnemonic aiwatar zama dole domin ya ceci bayanai cewa an tara a lokacin da rana. The jiki a lokacin da dare "mayar da oda". Ya categorizes da bayanai cewa an tara, shi gudamawar: ba dole ba an cire, da kuma sauran ke da dogon lokacin da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. Wannan aiki na bukatar wani m 3 hours sa'an nan na tsaka-tsaki memory shirye sake. Mutumin barci kasa da sa'o'i uku, rage hankali, gaji da damuwa da tunani matakai, akwai kurakurai a cikin jawabin.

Dogon lokacin da ƙwaƙwalwar

A karshe, na tsawon lokaci memory - a Mnemonic tsari, da adadin abin da kuma tsawon ajiya na bayanai a cikinsa har yanzu bai aka ƙaddara. Man rike kawai data tana bukatar, da kuma lokacin da abin da yake bukata. Kawai a cikin dogon lokacin da ƙwaƙwalwar yana da bayanai zuwa wanda wani mutum ne bude m damar, da kuma bayanai zuwa wanda ba ya da damar yin amfani da saba yanayi. Don samun shi, kana bukatar ka yi aiki tukuru.