SanPiN: disinfection da sterilization na likita kayayyakin

A Rasha, duk cibiyoyin da hannu a likitanci ayyuka za a iya zamar masa dole ya yi aiki bisa ga stringent matsayin, tsakanin wanda wani muhimmin wuri daukan dace disinfection da sterilization na'urorin kiwon lafiya.

Me cika tare da misali

Yau, da yawa, ko da nisa daga magani maza hannu a wani ajali kamar nosocomial kamuwa da cuta. Wannan ya hada da duk wani cuta da cewa samun rashin lafiya, ko saboda ta tunani akai wani likita ma'aikata, ko kungiyar ma'aikatan a yi aikinsu. Bisa kididdigar da, a cikin m asibitoci da matakin na kumburi da rikitarwa bayan ayyukan, net na 12-16% a cikin gynecological rikitarwa bayan ayyukan faruwa a 11-14% na mata. Bayan nazarin tsarin wajen kisa da shi ya zama na fili cewa 7 zuwa 14% na jarirai suna cutar a asibitoci da kuma yara unguwanni.

Hakika, irin wannan abin kwaikwaya za a iya lura, ba a duk kiwon lafiya cibiyoyin da su ruwan dare shi ne dogara a kan da yawa dalilai kamar da irin ma'aikata, yanayin da agaji, da tsanani da watsa sunadaran da nosocomial cututtuka, da tsarin. Da wannan bango, daya daga cikin manyan wadanda ba takamaiman matakan hana fitowan da kuma watsa nosocomial cututtuka ne disinfection da sterilization na'urorin kiwon lafiya.

tsara takardun

A ta aiki, duk wuraren kiwon lafiya suna shiryar da shawarwari yake kunshe a da yawa da dokokinta. Ainihin daftarin aiki ne SanPin (disinfection da sterilization na likita kayayyakin cikinta a raba sashe). Bugawa bita da aka amince a shekara ta 2010. Yana kuma kayyade aiki na likitanci da wuraren hada da wadannan dokoki.

1. Dokar lambar 52, wanda ya ayyana wani ANNOBA tsaro na yawan jama'a.
2. Order № 408 (kwayar hepatitis) na 12.07.1984.
3. Order lambar 720 (don yaƙar nosocomial cututtuka).
4. Oda daga 03.09.1999, da (ci gaban disinfection).

OST "Sterilization da kuma disinfection na na'urorin kiwon lafiya» № 42-21-2-85 ne ma daya daga cikin manyan takardun gudãnar da aiki da misali dasu. Cewa su shiryayyu ne da duk asibitoci.

Bugu da kari, akwai babban adadin jagororin (HU), disinfection da sterilization na'urorin kiwon lafiya a cikin abin da kyan gani ta fuskar daban-daban disinfectants izini da wannan manufa. Yau, saboda gaskiyar cewa da yawa a hukumance amince da misinformation. yana nufin dace jagororin ne ma wani ɓangare na takardun a kan wanda aikin kiwon lafiya da wuraren karkashin gini. Don kwanan wata, da misali aiki kayan aiki kunshi uku a jere, saukarwa - disinfection, JI kuma sterilization na'urorin kiwon lafiya.

disinfection

Disinfection da aka kira a sa na matakan a sakamakon wanda da pathogens an hallaka a cikin yanayi abubuwa. Wadannan sun hada da surface (ganuwar, benaye, windows, m furniture, surface kayan aiki), kiwon lafiya kayayyakin (lilin, tableware, tsafta kayan aiki), kazalika da jiki ruwaye, kadaici da marasa lafiya da sauransu. D.

A gano tushen kamuwa da cuta ne da za'ayi taron, da ake kira "mai da hankali disinfection." Its manufa shi ne don halakar da pathogens kai tsaye saukar cibiyoyin. Wadannan iri mai da hankali disinfection:

• yanzu - da cewa shi ne da za'ayi a asibitoci don hana yaduwar cutar.
• karshe - gudanar bayan tushen kamuwa da cuta da aka ware, da cewa shi ne a rashin lafiya mutum ya kwanta a asibiti.

Bugu da kari, akwai wani preventative disinfection. Its ayyuka suna da za'ayi kullum, ko da tushen kamuwa da cuta. Sun hada da wanke hannuwa, tsaftacewa da kewaye saman amfani da jamiái da ciwon bactericidal Additives.

disinfection hanyoyin

Dangane da raga wadannan disinfection hanyoyin da ake amfani da:

• Inji: Wannan ya hada kai tsaye inji mataki a kan batun - rigar tsabtatawa, tapping fitar da ko buga-fita kwanciya - shi ba ya kashe pathogens, amma kawai na dan lokaci su rage yawan.
• Jiki: ultraviolet daukan hotuna, ko rashin zafi - a cikin wannan harka ta halaka shi ne yanayin a cikin daidaici na da yawan zafin jiki da kuma daukan hotuna lokaci.
• Chemistry: halakar pathogenic microorganisms tare da sunadarai - dipping, shafa ko abu ban ruwa da sinadaran bayani (fi na kowa da ingantaccen Hanyar).
• nazarin halittun - a cikin wannan harka da yin amfani da antagonist na kananan kwayoyin da ake bukata don halakar da (amfani da mafi yawa a kan musamman bacteriological tashoshin).
• Hada - hadawa hanyoyin da dama na disinfection.

OST "Sterilization da kuma disinfection na na'urorin kiwon lafiya" 42-21-2-85 da'awar cewa ratsa cikin disinfection tsari ya zama dukan abubuwa da kuma kayayyakin aiki da abin da haƙuri ya na da lamba. A kiwon lafiya ga yin amfani da zahiri ko sinadaran disinfection Hanyar. Bayan ta kammala, da samfurin, dangane da makõma, an kara sarrafa, sake yin fa'ida ko sake amfani da.

pre-haifuwa tsarkakewa

Disinfection da sterilization na'urorin kiwon lafiya ga mahara kayan da za a haifuwa samar da ko da da pre-tsabtace, wanda faruwa bayan da disinfecting samfurin. Manufar wannan mataki shi ne karshe inji kau na sharan na kitse da kuma gina jiki abin gurɓatawa kazalika da magunguna.

New SanPiN, disinfection da sterilization na likita kayayyakin wanda aka dauke a cikin daki-daki, bayar ga wadannan matakai na PSO.

1. A cikin 0.5 minti da samfurin da aka wanke a karkashin ruwan famfo zuwa cire saura disinfectant bayani.
2. A wanke sayar da giya, don samar da abin da kawai amince wakili amfani, kayayyakin da ake yi sharkaf da cikakken nutsewa. A wannan yanayin, idan sun kunshi dama sassa na samfurin dole ne a dismantled, da kuma tabbatar da cewa duk cavities da aka cika da wani bayani. Idan tsaftacewa bayani zazzabi 50º daukan hotuna ne minti 15.
3. Bayan lokaci kowane samfurin via wani Ruff ko gauze tampon for 0.5 minti wanka a cikin wannan bayani.
4. Gudun ruwa kurkura kayayyakin. Duration kurkura dogara a kan yi amfani da wakili ( "Astra", "Lotus" - minti 10 "Ci gaba" - 5 "Biolot" - 3).
5. Rinsing a distilled ruwa for 30 seconds.
6. Bushewa a cikin zafi iska bushewa dafuwa.

Don shirya tsaftacewa bayani amfani ne 5 g na CMC ( "Ci gaba", "Astra", "Lotus", "Biolot"), perhydrol 33% - 16 g, ko 27.5% - 17 ya kuma yarda da yin amfani da 6% (85 g ) da kuma 3% (170 g) na hydrogen peroxide, ruwan ruwa - to 1 lita.

Kayan aiki na zamani amfani ga disinfection, damar hada da matakai na disinfection da PCP. A wannan yanayin, bayan daukan hotuna kai tsaye zuwa misinformation. cikin bayani da aka gudanar ershevanie kayan aikin da a kan - duk da m matakai na JI.

ingancin iko

Jb, disinfection da sterilization na'urorin kiwon lafiya da ake fentin zahiri mataki-mataki, biya mai girma da hankali ga ingancin iko da kowane mataki na aiki. Don yin wannan, gudanar da wani samfurin iko a cikin rashi na bi da jini samfurin, da kuma sauran proteinaceous mahadi kazalika da ingancin wanka ƙuna. Control ne hõre daya bisa dari na bi da kida.

Phenolphthalein fitina don kimanta har zuwa abin da sosai tare da abu don wanka kayayyakin an cire, wanda aka yi amfani da a presterilizing tsaftacewa. Domin ta wasanni a kan swab ne amfani da wani karamin yawan gama 1% phenolphthalein bayani, sa'an nan shafa da kayayyakin da cewa so su gwada. Idan akwai wani ruwan hoda saka launi, da ingancin wanka ƙuna zaton kasa.

Disinfection da sterilization na'urorin kiwon lafiya bukatar monitoring a kowane mataki, da kuma wani samfurin, wanda ba ka damar tantance yadda da matakai na farko da aka za'ayi - shi azopiramovaya samfurin. Yana assesses gaban ko babu saura jini a kan su, da kuma kwayoyi. Domin dauke da fitar da ake bukata azopirama bayani wanda aka dafa za a iya kiyaye su domin 2 months a firiji (a dakin da zazzabi, wannan zamani ne taqaitaccen zuwa wata daya). A clouding na reagent in babu laka ba ya shafar ingancin ta.

Domin da samfurin kawai kafin dauke da fitar da wannan lambar azopirama da kuma 3% hydrogen peroxide sun gauraye da kuma amfani da su gwada a kan jini tabo. A bayyanar Violet launi nuna cewa reagent ma'aikacin - za ka iya fara da gwajin. Don wannan reagent shirya moistened swab kuma shafa tabbata daga cikin kayayyakin aiki da kuma kayan aiki. A kayayyakin da ciwon m tashoshi, 'yan saukad da reagent aka sanya a cikin da kuma a karshen 1 minti daya, kimanta sakamakon, biya musamman da hankali ga gidajen abinci. A cikin taron cewa akwai wani Violet launi, sannu-sannu juya cikin wani m-Lilac launi, ku binciki gaban da jini. Brownish launi nuna gaban tsatsa, da shunayya - magni abubuwa.

Domin dace kimantawa da sakamakon azopiramovoy samfurin kamata la'akari da dalilai da dama:

• da samfurin an dauki tabbatacce ne kawai idan akwai batawa a lokacin farko minti daya bayan aikace-aikace na reagent.
• aiki bayani za a iya amfani ne kawai ga na farko da sa'o'i biyu bayan dafa.
• kayayyakin dole ne a dakin da zazzabi (a kan zafi surface na samfurin so ba m).
• ko da kuwa da sakamakon da samfurin a kan abin da samfurin da aka wanke da ruwa da kuma sake hõre tsarkakewa kwashe predsteriztsionnoy.

A hali tabbatacce sakamakon bayan da samfurori da dukan tsari sake hõre wani mummunan sakamako.

sterilization

Sterilization ne karshe mataki a cikin aiki da wadanda kayayyakin da suke a lamba tare da wani mĩki surface na mucosa ko jini, kazalika da injectable shirye-shirye. Kamar wancan akwai cikakken halakar da dukkan siffofin kwayoyin, duka biyu vegetative da kuma spore. Dauke da duk jan haka kayyade irin wannan daki-daki, normative daftarin aiki Moh, kamar yadda wani tsari. Sterilization da kuma disinfection na na'urorin kiwon lafiya kerarre daidai da ƙayyadaddu na likita majalisarsa, kuma su da umurninSa ne. Kiyaye haifuwa kayayyakin, dangane da kunshin iya daga rana zuwa watanni shida.

sterilization hanyoyin

Hanyar domin disinfection da sterilization na'urorin kiwon lafiya ne da ɗan daban-daban daga juna. Sterilization ne da za'ayi da wadannan hanyoyin:

• thermal - iska, tururi, glasperlenovy.
• sinadaran - gas ko a mafita daga sunadarai.
• jini ko lemar sararin samaniya.
• radiation.

A likita cibiyoyin yawanci tururi, iska, ko sinadaran hanyoyin. Kamar wancan ne mai muhimmanci bangaren na sterilization tsari ne da hankali a kiyaye da kayyade yanayin (lokaci, yawan zafin jiki, matsa lamba). Mode disinfection da sterilization na'urorin kiwon lafiya da aka zaba dangane da abu daga abin da workpiece an sanya.

iska hanyar

Kamar wancan haifuwa likita kida, na'urori da kuma sassa na na'urorin sanya daga karfe, gilashin da silicone roba. Kafin sterilization sake zagayowar da samfurin ya kamata a sosai bushe.

Matsakaicin karkacewa daga zafin jiki a wannan hanya na sterilization kada wuce 3 ° C.

tururi hanyar

Steam Hanyar ne da nisa mafi yadu amfani, saboda da gajeren sake zagayowar, da yiwuwar ta amfani ga sterilizing articles sanya zafi m kayan (yadudduka, sutures da dressings, roba kayayyakin, roba, latex). Sterility a cikin wannan Hanyar aka samu da yin amfani da tururi kawota karkashin overpressure. Wannan na faruwa a wani tururi sterilizer ko autoclave.

Bambance-bambance a matsa lamba gwamnatocin yarda to 2 kg / m² da kuma zazzabi - 1-2 °.

Glasperlenovaya sterilization

Goyon bayan sana'a kiwon lafiya cibiyoyin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya inganta muhimmanci da kuma wannan ne muka gani a karshe SP (disinfection da sterilization na'urorin kiwon lafiya). New sterilization hanya, da abin da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a asibitoci - shi glasperlenovaya sterilization. An nutsa cikin zafi kayan aiki a matsakaici zuwa 190 - 330 ° gilashin beads. A sterilization aiwatar daukan minti, da kuma bayan da kayan aiki ne shirye don amfani. A downside wannan hanya ne cewa shi zai iya kare kawai kananan kayan aikin, don haka aka yi amfani da farko a hakori ofisoshin.

Disinfection, tsaftacewa, sterilization na'urorin kiwon lafiya suke da muhimmanci abubuwa a cikin zamani kiwon lafiya. A duk ayyukan za a za'ayi a matsayin kyau, wanda ake yake kunshe a cikin dokokin amince da Ma'aikatar Lafiya, zai dogara ne a kan kiwon lafiya na biyu marasa lafiya da kuma likita ma'aikatan.