Sani akan cututtuka - wanda shi ne wannan? Mene ne aiki na malamin-defectologist? Me yaron azuzuwan da defectology?

Yara - furanni na rayuwa! An hade da 'ya'yansu ta mafi cherished mafarki na kowane iyaye. Kuma abu na farko da ya zama don tabbatar da yaro iyayen - dace girma da kuma ci gaba, don haka da ganewa daga cikin mafi karami sabawa bukatar nan da nan neman taimakon kwararru.

Wane ne sani akan cututtuka?

Akwai sana'a da cewa hadawa magani da kuma pedagogy. Yana defectology. a defectology gwani ya zama mafi kyau aboki da kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman yara da iyayensu.

Sani akan cututtuka - wani malami wanda ya ƙware a cikin aji tare da yaran da suka wanzuwa a cikin jiki ko kuma shafi tunanin mutum da ci gaba.

Abin da halaye ya kamata a sani akan cututtuka

Sani akan cututtuka - shi ne da farko wani mutum wanda ya karbi dace horo. Malamin ya kamata su iya gane asali data kasance munanan a yara da kuma neman hanyoyin da za a rama su, kazalika da gudanar da wani takamaiman horo hanya ne da nufin bunkasa da yaron ya matsala. Age shãmaki a tsakãnin yaro da gwani ya zama mãsu fakowa ba. A karshen kamata su iya shiga cikin amincewa daga cikin ƙaramin tsara da kuma zama wani aboki da yaro.

Daga cikin mutuntakar, wanda dole ne wani malamin-ilimin, su ne wadannan:

• A babban matakin da hankali. Shin wata larura a lokacin da muke koyo a sana'a pathologists. Malamai dole ne ya kamata kuma a fili sa shi, shi ya kamata a yi madalla da memory, to san yadda za a gina da kuma tsarin da azuzuwan.

• Ilhama damar iya yin komai. Diraya ake bukata don gane da dabara da cewa shi ne ya dace domin batu.
• Kallo da kuma kula. Wadannan biyu halaye zai taimaka wajen kafa lamba tare da yaro domin sanin ƙayyadaddu na hali da kuma ba shi da wani ma'ana bayani.
• Sociability. A gwani dole ne su iya samun na kowa da harshen tare da yara da kuma zama m tare da su, ko da yaushe su iya magana da yaro da za a tsokani cikin wani hadin tattaunawa.
• Wani tunanin haquri da kuma hakuri. Strong juyayi tsarin - da key da tasiri da kuma yadda ya dace da horo pathologists da yara tare da a zahiri ko wata nakasa. Dole ka fahimci cewa aikin defectology - gwani aiki.
• Responsiveness. Sani akan cututtuka - na farko da mutum wanda ya zo da taimakon masu bukata, shi ya kamata ba za a sha'aninsu dabam zuwa wasu mutane ta matsaloli.
• Kissa. A gwani kamata motsa jiki matuqar taka tsantsan da kuma ladabi a tafiyad da musamman kiddies da iyayensu.

defectological sana'a

defectology kimiyya hada da dama key yankunan:

• Theory - koyar da yara, da ciwon biyu bayyane da kuma qananan sabawa a taimakon ji.
• jindadin aiki - ilimi na ƙaramin tsara tare da mai illa shafi tunanin mutum da ci gaban;
• ilimi matakan - horar da yara wanda ya lalace aikin na gani na'ura;
• jawabin far - koyar da yara, da ci gaban da karanta a cikin al'ada iyaka, amma akwai magana cuta, ya bayyana a pronunciation.

Zama magana pathologists: raga, kuma manufofin

A burin da malami-ilimin:

1. Sa wani marmarin koyon ta hanyar dalili.
2. Rama domin rashin general ilmi, to ka up da ci gaban da jawabin na'ura, a koyar da karatu da rubutu, karatu, yin tallan kayan kawa, game.

Mayar da hankali a kan burin yin aiki tare musamman yara Specialist aikin da wadannan ayyuka:

• Gudanar da remedial aiki game da data kasance saɓani a cikin dalibi ci gaba.
• Daukawa fitar da wani binciken da na yara don dalili na gano da tsarin da kuma digiri na muhimmi lahani.
• Yana haɗa kan bangaskiya dalibai da wannan psychophysical jihar a cikin ƙungiyar.
• Gudanar da azuzuwan (a cikin wani rukuni ko akayi daban-daban), wanda nufin a gyara sabawa a ci gaba da kuma maido da aikin fasali. Azuzuwan da matsalar yara da su ne bisa amfani da wasu hanyoyi da dabaru. A zabi na wani methodological shirin dogara a kan ƙayyadaddu na data kasance sabawa daga cikin dalibai.

• Rike da shawarwari da tattaunawa tare da iyaye da yara suka kasance a fi.

Bugu da kari, wani yara ilimin dole ne a tsare inganta su masu sana'a cancantar.

The ayyuka na malamin-defectologist

1. Gudanar da wani cikakken jarrabawa na yaro, a kan tushen da wanda diagnoses ikon koyi. Idan na cin gaba nakasa aka gano, shirya aikin da nufin maximizing dawo da ƙari na shortcomings a ci gaba.
2. Gudanar da azuzuwan, wanda manufarsa shi ne ci gaban da asali shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai (ji, da hankali, memory, tunani matakai, da sauransu. D.).
3. Tasowa da hanyoyin sadarwa na yara.
4. Tasowa culminating aiki ga yara na wani shekaru category. Saboda haka, to rama domin ci gaban makarantan nasare yara a kindergarten ilimin mayar da hankali a kan caca ayyukan domin yaran makaranta - karatu, rubutu da sauransu ..

Pathologists aiki: ƙungiya ka'idodin

Don gane asali na cin gaba da cuta da kuma su gyara da kuma gyaran wani m m, wanda dogara ne a kan manufa da hadin kai na bincike da kuma gyara. Aiki a kan bincikowa ne wani ɓangare daga wani m nazarin baby gwani. A halin da ake ciki a cikin binciken ya zama taimaka, m, ba tare da extraneous amo da kuma wasu kamfanoni, da tattaunawa - a kwantar da hankula sautin.

Analysis na take hakki a ci gaba ne da za'ayi amfani da etiopathogenetic m. Kowane musamman yaro bugi tsakiya m tsarin, da yanayin wadannan daban-daban raunuka, wanda zai iya haifar da wadanda ba uniform disturbances a shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki ci gaba. Saboda haka, nazarin da defectology ne bambancin. Ga kowane mutum dalibi ko makarantan nasare harhada jerin manyan al'amurra a correctional aiki.

A jawo sama da shirin aikin kamata a yi la'akari da shekaru kungiyoyin da musamman mutum hali na yara. The aiki da fuskantar da yaro gwani, ya kamata ya kasance mai haske. Idan yaro bukatun taimaka a lokaci guda biyu ko fiye da masana, akwai wani ha] in gwiwar da haɗin gwiwar na likitoci da kuma malamai.

Ga kowane batu da kadan mutumin malami-ilimin samar da tsauri monitoring, sakamakon wanda za mu iya zana karshe a matsayin da tasiri na remedial ayyuka a daban-daban methodological dabaru.

Bugu da kari, a tsare yi correlative bincike na jihar kafa na ilimi ilmi, shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki ci gaba da crumbs.

Myths game da pathologists

• Tarihin 1. Domin ba a sani ba dalilai, mutane da wani ra'ayi a kan abin da ilimin kwarewa a aiki na musamman tare da yaran da suka yi gagarumin munanan shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki ayyuka. Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Ya iya taimaka wani yaro da ciwon matsaloli tare da ilimi yi. Sani akan cututtuka - mai fadi-profile malami wanda ya san yadda za a zabi da hakkin Hanyar koyarwa ga wani musamman yaro.
• Tarihin 2. Zaman tare da wani gwani a defectology zai šauki har abada. Far daga gare shi, ko fiye daidai, shi ne ba haka ba. Idan wani malami aiki tare da] aliban da suka da matsaloli tare da ilimi yi da kuma ba shi da wani nakasa shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki hali, irin wannan nazarin a fili peculiar zuwa saboda ranar. Ya zo a lokacin da malamin taimaka da yaron ya cika a cikin ilmi gibba.

Jawabin ilimin da sani akan cututtuka: abin da su ne babban bambanci

Babban bambancin daga jawabin pathologists magana far su ne kamar haka:

1. Target masu saurare. Sani akan cututtuka aiki tare musamman yara da suke da wasu munanan a shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki ci gaba, da kuma jawabin ilimin - tare da wata gaba daya ɓullo da yara wanda da matsaloli tare da jawabin da pronunciation.
2. Dalilin da horo. Sani akan cututtuka a makaranta ko kindergarten manufofin da za su taimaki crumbs koya wa ra'ayinsu, ya mayar da gibba a cikin ilmi, shafi matakan ga gyara da shafi tunanin mutum ci gaba. Jawabin ilimin ma aiki ne kawai a kan ci gaban jawabin da jawabin gyara.
3. Taƙaitawa a cikin shekaru rukuni na yara. defectology gwani zai iya gudanar da azuzuwan da sosai kananan yara (daga shekara 1), amma zaman tare da wani jawabin da ilimin lallai ba ne su rush ga kisa na uku-shekara da shekaru na baby. Bugu da kari, ya fara tasawa mutum na iya amfani da wani jawabin ilimin.
4. Sani akan cututtuka - m-profile gwani, fiye da ba zai iya gadara da wani jawabin ilimin, a filin na aiki wanda yake shi ne da yawa karami.

shafi aikin da

Zama magana pathologists kusa, a ta core, tare da sana'a na wani malami, mai psychologist, wani likita, mai magana ilimin, a kindergarten malami.

Famous masana kimiyya pathologists

The ilimi na musamman yana bukatar babba yawan yara na makarantan nasare da kuma makaranta shekaru. Wurare da dama a nazarin a kan wannan batu, ya sadaukar da ayyukansu na fice masana kimiyya na Rasha Federation. A zinariya asusu na masana kimiyya da kuma pathologists ne: V. M. Behterev (Rasha neurologist, likita hauka da kuma psychologist, kafa kimiyya makaranta), AN Graborov (kafa azanci shine al'ada tsarin ilimi), L. V. Zankov (m psychologist, ilimin da kuma malami, dalibi LS Vygoskogo), M. S. Pevzner (Rasha masanin kimiyya, likita hauka, psychologist, ilimin da kuma malamin), F. A. Rau, zh. I. Shif, E. K. Gracheva (Rasha farko malamin-ilimin), V. P. Kaschenko (shugaban farko makaranta for musamman yara sanatorium), IV Malyarevsky, L. S. Vygotsky (ilimin-gwaji Ki, wani mai bincike defectology), MF Gnezdilov (m oligophrenopedagogs, Methodist), G. E. Suhareva (Juyin-nazarin halittu ra'ayi da shafi tunanin mutum rashin lafiya), G. M. Dulnev.

Saboda sama Figures na kimiyya ilimi na musamman a Rasha samu ba kawai da amincewar amma kuma ta dace ci gaba.