Sam Harris - masanin kimiyya, Falsafa da kuma samun ikon fassara Mafarki marubuci

Yada maguzawan akida, Sam Harris, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, a cikin aikinsa kiwata tambaya na rabuwa da coci da kuma jihar amfane shi. Ko zai yiwu? Da yake ina da digiri na uku a falsafa a fagen neuroscience, ya soki addini ta fuskar kimiyya shakka. M da gaskiya jigon da shi, ya kira domin 'yancin addini, ya tabbatar da wajibcin da samuwan jama'a zargi da coci akidun.

Wane ne Sam Harris?

Tsanani ta ayyana kanta a littafin "The End of Faith," wanda ya fara rubuta bayan hare-haren da a Amurka a 2001. Domin wannan aiki, a 2005, ya samu wani wallafe-wallafen kyautar. A littafin da aka a cikin gubar rated domin fiye da 30 makonni. Ya samu doctorate daga wata babbar jami'a. Daya daga cikin kwatance na rubutun da aka binciken yankunan da cerebral bawo da taimakon Magnetic rawa a cikin muhimmanci lokacin da mutum shawarwari. Mun yi karatu rinjayar da dalilai a kayyade da ra'ayin da karfafawar ga mataki a kan batutuwa da dama, ciki har da wadanda alaka da addini da kuma ta rashi.

Kamar yadda marubucin adabi da kuma aikin jaridar ayyuka a falsafa da kuma addini, to magana fita karfi a su da bukatar a duba hanyoyin halin kirki, bangaskiya, da ƙarya ka'idar, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da kuma tunani, Musulunci tsattsauran ra'ayi da kuma ayyukan ta'addanci. Sam Harris ne co-kafa "Project Reason." Ya laccoci a babbar jami'o'i. Yana bayyana a kan talabijin shirin ayyukan, rayayye tattauna tare da shugabannin addini a san, amsa zargi da littattafansu.

imani

Ya yi imanin cewa, za mu iya ba jinkirta, kuma shi ne lokaci zuwa bude, free kuma muhawwara fara tattauna addini, da cewa shi ne, ba wani cikas ga ci gaban kimiyya ci gaba. Harris girma ba tare da an tilasta su yin ĩmãni da Allah. Ya ba boye gaskiyar cewa, a matsayin wani dalibi, yana da kwarewa na da tasiri a kan su psyche kwayoyi. Sam Harris ya ce shan bugu zuwa ɗaguwar ruhaniya ya iya ji da "Tafarkin Wayewar".

A koleji, ya yi karatu Martial Arts. Na bar bayan na farko jami'a shakka a Indiya ya shiga cikin gudanar da ibada na zuzzurfan tunani. Ya yi kokari a karkashin kulawa na addinin Buddha da Hindu malaman daban-daban dabaru. Ya yi imanin cewa, yana yiwuwa a samu "haskaka hankali" da kuma ba tare da rinjayar narcotic kwayoyi, da kuma kokarin cimma wannan ta hanyar gwaji a kansa. Bayan shekaru 11, ya koma zuwa ga University, ya sauke karatu, kuma ya kasance mai Falsafa masanin kimiyya tare da digiri na uku.

biography

Sam Harris yanzu Shekaru 49 da haihuwa. An haife shi a Los Angeles a watan Afrilu 1967. Ya tashi a cikin iyali na Berkeley, kuma Susan Harris. Mahaifinsa - da actor, shi da uwarsa - da m da mahaliccin da TV jerin (comedy). A kwalejin aka tsanani tsunduma a Martial Arts, kuma ko da mai jagoranci a rukunin. Ya shiga jam'iyyar a Stanford University , kuma ya kammala karatunsa tare da hutu a da karatu domin shekaru 11. Aramin Falsafa a 2000.

Sam Harris yayi Magana game da sirri rai? Litattafai da biography bayan su fita ne a hankali related. Magana game da iyali dabi'u bamagujen bafalsafe son, ambatawa tsaro damuwa a wani shekaru na rashin ha} uri. Sukar a cikin aikin da dangantaka da addini da imani da kuma ta'addanci, ya gudanar da hadarin zama da manufa na tsattsauran ra'ayi da kuma musanya wata buga na 'yan uwa. Aure tun 2004. Matarsa, annaka, edita na adabi da kuma co-kafa "Project Zuciya", kafa ga yaduwar ilmi game da al'umma zuwa ga mai kyau dalilai. The biyu aure biyu da 'ya'ya mata.

Sam Harris: Books

A mafi muhimmanci da kuma muhimman hakkokin ya wasansa na farko. By rubuta shi tura da masifu na 2001 a Amurka. Abin da littafin "The End of Faith"?

Sam Harris a ta} o} arin don nazarin "yaƙi" na addini tare da m hankali-canza zamani al'umma. Kamar yadda wani shawara take kaiwa tarihi daidaici, mayar da hankali a kan abubuwan da makafi, kuma m addini ya kai ga sharri da bala'i. Open kira ga jama'a su yi musu da Church da yiwuwar aiki baki da kuma duk shirya addini a cikin harkokin Amirka da na siyasar duniya.

Bayan da yawa sukar yi kokarin isar da tunani da kuma kare akidarsa a cikin "Letter to wani Kirista Nation" (2006). Bayan shekaru hudu da shawara da kuma muhawara da littafin da ya "halin kirki wuri mai faɗi" (2010). A wannan aikin marubucin yana kokarin isar da alkawarin da kimiyya shi kadai zai iya bayyana da batutuwan da dabi'u na gari da kuma tasiri a kan jindadin mutum da kuma al'umma baki daya.

A na gaba takarda, short muqala, wadda aka saki a 2011, "Lies" ( "falsity"), Harris yayi Magana game da asalin da kuma yanayin da lahani. A shekarar 2012 ya buga wani gajeren shirin gaskiya game da " 'yancin zaɓe." Terminates a lokacin jerin hakkin mallaka bugu da manual-jagora ( "farkawa", 2014) da adana ibada ba tare da addini.

zargi

Akai-akai kare su ra'ayoyi da Outlook, tunkuɗe duk zargin da na rashin ha} uri da kuma ƙiyayya. Sam Harris aka yi masa hukuncin ga tun kokarin tabbatar da yin amfani da azabtarwa (fikihu) a lokuta na musamman da kuma matsayin banda ga mulkin. Abokan adawar ba su gamsu da so da marubucin ya sallama, kuma bayyana matsalolin da kimiyya da dabi'u na gari a cikin wani Saukake form.

Harris dissenting ra'ayi game da ilimin halin dan Adam na 'yan kishin islama da kuma' yan ta'adda za su mutu saboda bangaskiyar ma sa rikice da kuma kalaman na damunsu. Soki ga definition of "addini tsantseni." Ga aiki matsayi shi ne ake magana a kai "Bulletin na Wahayi." Mutane da yawa kuma jayayya da cewa aikinsa shi ne ba sabon bayani, da kuma ambata tarihin asali kawai suna bauta a cikin sabon da marubucin mai karkatacciyar hangen nesa daga cikin jigon maguzawan events.

support

Littattafan ne m, listen to laccoci tara cikakken gidaje, da muhawara a kan talabijin shirye-shirye tada ratings, inda Sam Harris ba. "Lies," ya dan muqala aka buga a matsayin mai raba ɗaba'ar. Goyi bayan shi, da abokansu. Ko masu sukar sami a cikin matani m.

Yana da wuya su yi jãyayya bayyananna, kuma da bayyane matsalar bangaskiya, wanda a karnoni na kokarin ki a makafi ido da kuma wanda yakan zuwa surface Shem Harris. A cikin ayyukansu, ya sanya cikin tambaya squarely da kuma amsar kiran wadanda suka yi la'akari da shi dace su gode wa Allah domin kyau yau da kullum kaya. Wannan Gaskiya ne, a lokaci guda lokacin da m yara da aka haifa a wani addini, al'umma da sauran kyawawan dabi'u da kuma akida, wahala kuma ya mutu a cikin azãba mai tsanani,.