Salmon iyali. Nau'in na kifi

Salmon iyali shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci tsakanin kasuwanci kifi. Nãmõminsu ya furta m Properties, domin ya ƙunshi Omega-3. Su abin da ake ci ci a jikin mutum rage-rage matakin cholesterol a cikin jini, kuma ta haka ne taimaka wajen hana cututtuka daban-daban na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin.

Description na iyali

Salmon iyali ya hada kifi da m elongated, scaly jiki. Su tsirara kai, antennae ne mãsu fakowa ba. Babban bayãnin hukuncin alama ce ta wannan iyali na kifi - gaban adipose filafilin kifi, wanda yana da wani haske. Su ma suna da wani dorsal filafilin kifi, akwai tsakanin 10 zuwa 16 haskoki. Eyes kifi na kifi rufe da m lids. Mace da qwai daga ovaries samun shiga cikin jiki rami, kuma daga gare ta ramin - a cikin ruwa. Gane daban-daban iri iri na kifi, amma su duka da daya alama. Mutane suna iya canza su bayyanar dangane da muhalli da yanayi, kazalika da su rai sake zagayowar. Alal misali, su bayyanar zama daban-daban a lokacin spawning. Su ne musamman mai saukin kamuwa zuwa canje-canje a cikin maza da suka saya da wani irin bikin aure tufafin. Su launi daga m zama roɗi-roɗi tare da faci na baki, ja ko mai haske magenta tabarau. Skin coarsens, shi ke tsiro ma'auni. Jaws lankwasa, girma hakora. A baya akwai wani hump. Masu bincike akwai daban-daban versions na bayyanar da kifi kiwo plumage. Wasu sifa wannan komawa zuwa bayyanar kakanninsu, da sauran - ga mataki na hormone, wasu yi imani da cewa wannan canji ya sa ya yiwu don jawo hankalin mace.

rarrabuwa

Salmon iyali, wanda mambobin da matukar dadi da kuma gina jiki nama, ya kasu kashi biyu subfamilies:

• A gaskiya Salmon.
• Whitefish.

Wakilai daga cikin whitefish subfamily bambanta kananan bakinka, ya fi girma Sikeli da halaye na da tsarin da kwanyar. Classified kifi na ga kifi iyali, kuma na ga wani musamman tseren:

• Pacific kifi da ake samu a cikin Pacific. Ma'aunansa suka yi matsakaici sized ko kananan, manyan ja-orange qwai. Feature na rayuwar wadannan kifaye ne su mutuwa bayan spawning. Nau'in na kifi na ga HALITTAR tihookeansomu: chum, ruwan hoda kifi, coho kifi, chinook, sockeye.

• Wadannan kifi sun fi guntu dauke da m haskoki filafilin kifi Pacific fiye da takwarorinsu. Sun tsuntsaye da hakora a kan raya na coulter ƙasũsuwa. Wadannan kifaye kuma canza ya saba bayyanar a "bikin aure tufafin" a lokacin spawning kakar, amma bai mutu ba, a bãyansa. Suna zaune a arewacin sassa na Atlantic, Pacific tekuna. Su za a iya samu a cikin Black Sea, da Aral, Caspian da kuma Baltic Tekuna. Domin real kifi halayyar mai haske canza launi ma'auni.

• Loaches ne ma ɓangare na kifi iyali, da jerin sunayen su, ko da yake ba kamar yadda mai girma kamar yadda da cewa daga cikin Pacific kifi. Wannan HALITTAR ne kama da real kifi, amma cikin wakilan da ba su da hakora zuwa kashi coulter da haske wakewake canza launi.

m kifi

Muhimman abincin da kifin da ke cikin kifi iyali - kifi. Shi ne mafi yawa wakilan Pacific kifi. Salmon da irin wannan matsakaici-sized, dogon isa a kalla 76 cm, su matsakaicin nauyi - 5.5 kg. Yana yi kawaici a cikin arewacin tekun Japan, kashe bakin tekun na Kamchatka a Tekun Okhotsk. Image na kifi dabam dangane da wuri na ta tsaya. A teku, kifi yana da wani haske Sikeli a baya mai yawa kananan duhu aibobi. Yayinda muke zuwa ga spawning kifi da kuma zuriya a cikin kogi (kifi, kamar yadda muka ce canza su bayyanar a wannan lokaci) zama ruwan kasa, shugaban da ƙege - kusan baki. Just ciki rike da tsohon haske da launi. The maza a cikin mayar da yankin ke tsiro wata babbar hump dauke da modified muƙamuƙi, a kan abin da akwai hakora.

A tsawon rayuwar da ruwan hoda kifi - game da watanni 18. A shekara ta biyu, kusan duk mutane zama jima'i balagagge, an shirya zuwa spawn. Yana auku daga Yuni zuwa Satumba, lokacin da ya dogara da mazauninsu. spawning yankunan da ake located a kan kogin, located quite kusa da teku. A wannan batun, da hanyar da su a cikin kifi daukan yawa ƙasa lokaci fiye da sauran mambobi na Pacific kifi. Mafi kyau duka yawan zafin jiki na ruwa a cikin koguna spawning - daga 6 zuwa 14 digiri. Caviar-jinkirta mãtã spawning protuberance siffofin. A karshen watan Satumba, ta fara fitar da larvae, wanda yana, dangane da spawning lokaci, har sai Janairu. Daga watan Afrilu zuwa watan Yuli, akwai motsi a cikin tẽku soya. Na farko, su suna located in estuaries, an nan rarraba wa ga ~ ar ruwan. By Oktoba, yawanci fara a lokacin da suka rayuwa a cikin teku.

kare-kifi

Wani muhimmin a cikin kasuwanci darajar kifi - a chum, wani photo na wanda za a iya samu a litattafan ilmin halitta. Yana zaune a ko'ina cikin Arewa Pacific. Kifi yana da wani azurfa launi, wanda ya musanya tare da gabatowa spawning. Sikeli duhu, a jiki bayyana launin ruwan kasa ratsi. By farkon spawning kifi zama kusan baki, launi canji, ko da palate da kuma harshe. Keta, photos da sanya lokacin ciyar, shi ne matuƙa, daban-daban daga daya kama a lokacin da shigar da kogin. Wakilai daga wannan nau'in kasu kashi bazara da kaka jinsunan. Keta bazara da ke a spawning a farkon Yuli - tsakiyar watan Agusta. Yana kai a kalla tsawon na 80 cm. A kaka chum kifi ke tsiro zuwa 1 m, ta taro ne ma fi da cewa daga cikin rani da tsuntsaye. Wadannan kifaye spawn a cikin marigayi Agusta - farkon watan Satumba. Chum up koguna ne sosai fiye da kifi, da hanya sau da yawa daukan lokaci mai tsawo. Saboda wannan, kifi sau da yawa spawn riga a karkashin wata ɓawon burodi na kankara. A wannan yanayin, domin zurriyar bazara chum akwai yiwuwar na mutuwa saboda da zurfin daskarewa kananan qarqashinsu, inda shi kayansa mãsu ta qwai. Kaka chum spawn a wuraren da ƙasa ruwa da ba su daskare sosai, don haka shi soya tsira har spring, a lokacin da suka fita daga spawning tubercles da kuma saukar da shi cikin teku.

ja kifi

Mutane da yawa jinsunan kifaye yana da kifi iyali. Wakilai na Pacific kifi - sockeye. A mafi yadada wannan kifi a kusa da American bakin tekun Pacific Ocean. A mafi girma adadin da ke rubuce a Alaska. A kan ƙasa na kasar mu sockeye ne sosai rarer fiye da chum ko ruwan hoda kifi. Wannan kifi zo, yafi a cikin kõguna na Kamchatka da Anadyr. Har ila yau, wannan muhimmanci da kifi na kifi iyali ziyarci River Kurile, Kwamandan Islands. Da nama ne mai haske ja a launi, da kyau kwarai, cike da-bodied dandano.

A lokacin da ya lokaci na marine rayuwa sockeye kifi yana da wani silvery launi na jiki, kawai a kan mayar da su duhu blue ratsi. Halin da canza ta bayyanar a cikin ma'abota kakar. Pisces kira da hankali kansu bangarorin haske ja, kore kai, da mulufi fins. Halayyar kiwo plumage ruwan hoda da kuma chum kifi a baki a cikin launi sockeye kusan m. Akwai kawai karamin baki spots a kan wutsiya ko jiki. Spawning fara da wuri, yawanci a watan Mayu ko Yuni kuma yana har zuwa karshen lokacin rani. A babban rabo daga matasa sauka a cikin teku har na gaba shekara bayan a saki qwai, wanda faruwa a tsakiyar hunturu. Wasu mutane kasance a cikin kogin don har zuwa shekaru 3. Duk da haka, akwai kuma waɗanda suka yãgi zuriya a cikin tẽku mai shekara daga cikin qwai. Balaga sockeye kai da 6th shekara na rayuwa.

coho

Coho mafi yawan Pacific kifi Yana son zafi. A kan ƙasa na kasar mu ne ba na kowa, a kan Asian bakin tekun Pacific suna alama yawanci harben ziyara da wadannan kifaye a cikin kogin. Popular sau da yawa kawai samu a Kamchatka. A rarrabe coho kifi - ta haske silvery ma'auni. A lokacin spawning, shi ya zama Crimson. A coho tsawon iya isa game da 84 cm, talakawan size na mutane - 60 cm. At spawning coho zo marigayi - a karshen watan Satumba. Wannan zamani yana kamar har Maris. Spawning sau da yawa a gudanar don karkashin kankara ɓawon burodi. Toya qwai bayan 1-2 shekaru na zaune a cikin kogi, sa'an nan fadowa cikin teku. Wannan lokaci na rayuwa da coho takaice. Domin shekara ta uku daga cikin mutane da zama jima'i balagagge, kuma mutu bayan spawning.

chinook

Sarki Salmon shi ne mafi girma wakilin kifi iyali. Its tsawon ne 90 cm a kan talakawan, amma akwai ma yawa ya fi girma mutane da yin la'akari 50 kg. Duk da wannan, da Chinook yana da muhimmanci kasuwanci darajar, kamar yadda ta lambar a Rasha ne low a cikin kasar. Taryi sarki kifi a cikin Asian Pacific Coast kawai a cikin kõguna na Kamchatka, inda ta je spawn. Ya fara daga tsakiyar watan Mayu da kuma ci gaba a ko'ina cikin rani. Chinook kifi spawn readily a karfi igiyoyin, kamar yadda saboda ta size iya yin tsayayya da shi da kyau. shi ya sa da wutsiya rami a shingle, wanda kayansa mãsu ta qwai. A toya ake samu a cikin kogin dogon isa, sa'an nan mirgine saukar zuwa teku. Wannan lokaci na rayuwa Chinook daukan daga 4 zuwa 7 shekara.

daraja kifi

The daraja kifi sau da yawa kira kifi. Wannan m kifi kai tsawon game da mita 1.5. da nauyi ne kamar haka up to 39 kg. Launi a mai daraja azurfa kifi, kamar sama da kaikaice line located 'yan duhu spots reminiscent daga cikin siffar da harafin "X". Bangarorin na jiki Sikeli da bluish tint. Nagulivayas, a cikin tẽku, kifi abinci a kan ƙananan kifaye, crustaceans. Tare da farko na spawning kifi daina cin gaba ɗaya kuma ta gangara a Kogin a kyawawan maras nauyi kamarsa ba. Bikin aure tufafin ba ma ma'ana. Shi ne duhun da Sikeli a jiki da kuma bayyanar orange aibobi. Spawning faruwa, dangane da kifin mazauninsu a cikin fall ko hunturu. Salmon Roe ore sannu a hankali, da kuma toya fita daga gare ta kawai a marigayi spring - farkon lokacin rani. Duk da haka, da suka zama wani dogon lokaci zuwa rayuwa a cikin sabo ruwa. A lokacin da saki a cikin tẽku dabam daga 1 zuwa 5 shekaru. A manya mutu bayan spawning ba ko da yaushe, wasu kifi, duk da gagarumin nauyi asara da kuma frayed fins, na iya komawa zuwa teku. Akwai su da sauri ci abinci kashe da kuma mayar, yayin da sake spawning daraja kifi lura a musamman rare. Wadannan kifaye rayu har zuwa shekaru 13.

kifi kifi

Kifi, ko kifi-kifi, za a iya bambanta daga daraja launi na kifi. A spots a jikin ta suna located biyu sama da kasa a kaikaice line. A kai da kuma dorsal filafilin kifi an shirya zagaye baki aibobi. Zaune kifi a cikin Black Sea, da Baltic Sea, da Aral Sea. Duk da haka, shi ba ya yi da shi mai yawa na hijira kamar yadda yawa nasaba da sabo ruwa. A kifi tsawon kai 30 zuwa 70 cm a jiki nauyi daga 1 zuwa 5 kg. A bambanci ga daraja kifi, kifi kifi, za spawn, shi ya ci gaba da ciyar da abinci, ko da yake ba kamar yadda tsanani kamar yadda a cikin teku. Toya girma daga 3 zuwa 7 shekara, sa'an nan kuma zuwa teku.

lake kifi

Lake kifi - mai kifi cewa ba bayan da koguna da tabkuna. Wadannan kifaye rayuwa a cikin fili da kuma ruwan sanyi da kuma spawn a cikin koguna tare da azumi halin yanzu sunã gudãna a cikin lake. Its launi a lokacin ciyar da kifi yayi kama kifi. A lokacin spawning kakar da aka canza launi, akwai bikin aure tufafin. Mãtan suna da wata mai haske duhu Sikeli, maza bayyana mata a matsayin duhu orange ratsi. Kuma canza launi da fins. A mãtã, su zama duhu da kuma ventral filafilin kifi a cikin maza zama ruwan hoda, ko mai haske orange.

loach

Akwai wadanda kifi, waɗanda sunayensu aka kai tsaye alaka da bayyanar. Loaches, misali, samu da sunan da godiya ga kananan Sikeli, saboda abin da jikinsu ya bayyana tsirara. Suna yada yadu isa. A Magadan da kuma Kamchatka, akwai game da 10 jinsunan kifaye na da kifi iyali. Loaches iya zama bushing, wanda ciyar a cikin tẽku, kazalika da na zama. A karshen iya taba tafi zuwa teku, wasu ma a rayuwa da ake samu a tabkuna, a tsaye ruwa da kuma spawning faruwa.