Lycopodium clavatum: rai sake zagayowar, tsarin da haifuwa

Lycopodium clavatum (Lat. Lycopodium clavatum) da aka samu a Pine da kuma gauraye gandun daji. Thin Evergreen herbaceous harbe lashe tare da m spikes. Amma wannan ba Inflorescence, saboda gansakuka - mafi girma spore shuka da kuma taba blooms. Sake bugun, kuma rai sake zagayowar da musamman fasali hade da tsoho asalin kungiyar. Shi yana da yawan siffofin da tsarin Lycopodium clavatum.

rai burbushin

A cikin Paleozoic zamanin gandun daji na treelike horsetails, kulob din mosses da ferns rufe sararin expanses na duniya. A tsawon lokaci, wadannan kungiyoyin na kwayoyin for yaduwa wanda bukatar ruwa a drip-ruwa form, ya hanya zuwa mafi daidaita shuke-shuke - gymnosperms da flowering. Ba tsira a cikin wannan gwagwarmayar rayuwa itace kulob mosses - lepidodendrons da sigillaria, shi ya kai wani tsawo na 40 mita, amma suka yi ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani iko ci seams a wasu yankuna na duniya .. Modern shuke-shuke na iyali Lycopodiaceae jũna a cikin bayyanar wani carboxylic lush ciyayi, amma sun gaji hanya na haifuwa da kuma ci gaban sake zagayowar na kakaninmu.

Me shuka da ake kira "gansakuka"?

Daga asali wurin da aka makala na daya daga cikin matakai a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar na Lycopodium - prothallia - fara zuwa girma rarrafe kore mai tushe. A kewaye, su ne har yanzu matasa, babu spore-kafa da kunnuwa, da kuma a cikin tsakiyar zobe - bayan rasuwarsa nasa. Da alama cewa Lycopodium clavatum motsa ta hanyar gandun daji. Wannan shi ne saboda da m jihar juyi da kuma ci gaban da sabon harbe. Feature ya dade da aka lura, da kuma Slavic mutane ba "iyo" inji sunan "gansakuka" (yashi mai motsawa). Abin sha'awa asalin Latin sunan HALITTAR gansakuka. An hade da Jamus kalmar "kerkẽci ta dungu." Saboda haka a cikin tsohon kwana da shi aka kira gansakuka a Jamus. A XVI karni da kalmar da aka fassara a cikin Latin, shi ne sakamakon Licopodium. Mutane daban-daban a cikin sunan gansakuka "Lycopodium", "wolfberry".

Features gansakuka

Original da sosai tsoho shuke-shuke samu a cikin gandun daji sashi daga cikin Arewa da Kudancin Hemispheres. Rod na Lycopodium, ga abin da Lycopodium clavatum, wanzu a cikin gandun daji na Paleozoic kan miliyan 350 da suka wuce. Mutane da yawa alamu sun nuna cewa wannan kungiyar ne a hankali Fading. Amma tsarin da gansakuka yana da siffofin na mafi girma shiri a kwatanta da gansakuka. Iya samun su san su a kan misali Lycopodium clavatum.

A farkon ãyõyi:

• dichotomous sashe.
• Phyllotaxy karkace.

Features na mafi girma shuke-shuke da Lycopodium:

• bambancin nama.
• leafy herbaceous mai tushe.
• real asalinsu.

A halayyar alama - mikrofiliya hade tare da asalin da ganye daga surface na kara outgrowths.

A tsarin da Lycopodium clavatum

All perennial (asexual mataki) ya dubi Fluffy karkacẽwa daga kafa kananan ganye. Bã su da wani mikakke-lanceolate, kowane ƙarewa ne musamman gaggautsa fari dankon. Lycopodium clavatum yana da dogon siririn da takun tushe. Wannan irin rayuwa kirtani ya kai wani tsawon na daga 1 zuwa 4 m. Fãra hawa gefe gudu (50 cm) daga gare shi. Taproot, akwai kawai adventitious cewa shuka ne a haɗe zuwa ga ƙasa. Long bakin ciki kafafu da sparse ganye daga tushe kai ga wani thickening a saman mafaka. Wannan m zangarniya ciwon cylindrical siffar, da kuma kai mai tsawon 4 cm. Yawanci tattara ta biyu rarer kungiyoyin na uku ko hudu. A sinuses suna located sporolistikov sporangia. Kowace daga cikin wadannan kananan pouches cika da spores.

A tsarin da gametophyte

Lycopodium clavatum spores ba Yunƙurin zuwa gametophyte, ko prothallia. A tsarin da Lycopodium clavatum a wannan mataki shi ba ya bayyana a kan wani perennial shuka, kamar yadda muka aka saba ganin. Sporophyte kai kawai a kan daya millimeter a diamita. Yana zarostok - wucin gadi sabon abu a cikin rayuwa da shuka, amma sosai zama dole. Idan rigingimu ne a m yanayi, su ne lokaci mai tsawo ba zai iya bayar da Yunƙurin zuwa wani sabon kwayoyin. Da kansa sha na gina jiki microscopic gametophyte iya ba, ya yi amfani "ayyuka" da ƙasa fungi. Idan rigingimu da sauri tsiro a kan surface, translucent zarostok zama kodadde koren launi da yake iya photosynthesis. A gametophyte ore sauri sharadi gwargwado. A ilimi na musamman faruwa jima'i gametes. Mace - kwai - manyan da immobile. Men - maniyyi - kananan, sanye take da flagella, da kuma motsa da sauri. Balagagge jam sel a daban-daban sau. Men Kwayoyin su matsa zuwa da qwai bukatar ruwa droplets. A mahaɗar tsakãninsu gamete hadi faruwa. A zygote fara raba, bada Yunƙurin zuwa Kwayoyin kuma tsokoki na gaba sporophyte.

Lifecycle Lycopodium clavatum

Bari mu gano da ci gaban da shuka daga cikin shawarwari don fara tasawa shuka. "Lycopodium clavatum" Wancan ne abin da muka yawanci gani a cikin dazuzzuka ko a photo. A pouches, sporangia spikelets bazara kāsa yin amfani babbar yawa spores kama rawaya foda. Ka yi la'akari da tsarin da ƙura iya zama a karkashin hange. Chemical na nazarin nuna wani gagarumin abinda wadannan kayan lambu mai. Zuba shawara a watan Yuli da Agusta, ɗauke da iska ta cikin dazuzzuka da aka yada lycopodium. A cikin ƙasa, germination fara karkashin sharadi gwargwado. Kafa zarostok-gametophyte kamã da kananan fis-wani abu. Jima'i haifuwa clavate Lycopodium - wani tsaka-tsaki mataki a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar, tabbatar da bambancin kwayoyin. Bayan samuwar gametes da kuma hadi bayyana a microscopic prothallia sporophyte. Its tsarin riga yiwu ga wani bakin ciki kore kara da ganye. Gudun hijira rushes zuwa ga haske, kuma baya - saukar zuwa gona. Mai gansakuka karbe vegetatively hanya - kowane daga cikin bulala da ciwon Tushen, iya tsira ba tare da uwar shuka.

Practical amfani da Lycopodium

A likita aikace-aikace amfani da shuka spores, da aka sani da Lycopodium. A albarkatun kasa da aka tattara a cikin daji, domin shiri na baby foda da kuma anti-bedsore. Lycopodium ƙunshi:

• mai.
• sunadaran.
• polysaccharides.
• sitosterol.
• phenolcarboxylic acid.
• ma'adanai.

Folk healers yaba da rauni warkar da damar iya yin komai Lycopodium, bada shawarar ga konewa, frostbite. A ganye yana da anti-mai kumburi Properties da ake amfani da cututtuka daban-daban na gabobin da kuma tsarin. A m nau'i na magunguna daga spores lycopodium taimako da eczema, tafasa, herpes. Jiyya tare da kwayoyi, Lycopodium kamata a da za'ayi a kan shawara da kuma karkashin kulawa na likita.

muhalli da bukatun

Mai tushe Lycopodium hankali "yada" a cikin kashi na farko germination wata muhawara. Ability don samuwarsu a cikin shuka bayyana a 15-30-th shekara na rayuwa. Zarostok mutu a mataki na samuwar harbe da kuma tushen sa. Avilable clavate Lycopodium da haifuwa m wurin rarraba shuke-shuke. Undemanding ga kasar gona, tana bukatar ruwa droplets ga hadi a cikin jima'i mataki. Irin wannan yanayi gansakuka samu a yankuna da dama da kuma kasashen, ciki har da Rasha, Belarus, Ukraine. A shuka aka samu, yafi a kan yashi kasa a haske Pine gandun daji. A kalla - a gauraye da deciduous. A baya rabin karni da yawan Lycopodium ya rage muhimmanci. Daya matsalar da zaman majalisar na zangon ake dangantawa da jinkirin da samuwar spore-kafa kunnuwa. A cikin gandun daji na vegetative harbe za a iya samu mafi sau da yawa fiye da generative. Bugu da kari, ba ko da yaushe a dama da yanayi na spore germination. Za su iya mutuwa daga dehydration ko shekaru ba ba Yunƙurin zuwa gametophyte. Wannan shi ne kawai ɓangare na muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi dangantaka da tsufa da shuke-shuke, a duniya. Yana iya maimaita rabo daga makwabta a duniya da baya a Paleozoic - lepidodendrons da sigillaria.

Deforestation, da canji na aikin gona da shimfidar a wani mummunan tasiri a kan jima'i, da sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, clavate Lycopodium. Yana da za'ayi ta kariya a cikin yawan Amurka jihohin da shuka ne dauke rare bukatar kariya.