Rudyard Kipling: biography da ayyukansu

Yake talented mutum ya zama talented a kome. Tabbatarwa da wadannan kalmomi - Dzhozef Redyard Kipling. A biography wannan mutumin, musamman, a gaskiya na karbi Nobel Prize a arba'in da biyu shekaru - hujja da wannan. Marubuci, mawãƙi kuma marubuci ya ƙaunace mutane da kuma yanayi, da sha'awar kome da kome, da yawa karatu. Ya kasance mai yi ƙarfin hali, ya kasance kullum a sarari zamantakewa da siyasa matsayi. Ya yi imani da cewa akwai wani "daraja tsoro" cewa ya kamata a raba ta dukan mutane - domin al'adar wani mutum. Kamar yadda wani dan Burtaniya a kan ilimi, ya ko da yaushe tunani na Indiya, wanda ya san harshen, na biyu gida.

Abin da ayyukan yi shahara da Rudyard Kipling?

Kamar yadda aka sani, Birtaniya shayari - daya daga cikin mafi arziki da basira a duniya, Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, Uilyam Shekspir, Metyu Arnold, Charlotte Bronte. Saboda haka, da ke nuni da kewayon Birtaniya jama'a don kokarin sanannen BBC rediyo don suna da suka fi so waqe. Championship (da kuma ta wani babba gefe!) Mallakar Kipling ta "dokokinsa." Duk da haka, a kalla an san har yanzu a matsayin marubuci. Kipling Creativity ne multifaceted. Daga cikin mafi ƙwarai daga cikin ayyukansa - labari "Kim" da kuma tarin gajerun labaru, "The Jungle Littãfi."

Picturesque Lines wannan marubuci. Lalle ne, "The Jungle Littafi" iya kiranta da litattafan waqe. Don haka ya rubuta mu litattafansu Turgenev da kuma litattafan Gogol, amma, ba shakka, na Rasha. Mosaic na 15 gajejjeran labaru, "The Jungle Littafi" kunshi labaru game da Mowgli, yake haɗa kan bangaskiya 8 daga cikinsu, da sauran labaru game da bai wa mutum dabiu Indian dabbobi, game da wani jarumi mongoose Rikki-Tikki-Tavi, da cat wanda ke tafiya shi kadai-ga-kanta. Kipling labarin yaron Mowgli, ya kawo har da wani gungu na Wolves, ya adawa m Tiger Sherhanu akai-akai bayyana a majigin da kuma saba wa dukkan yara.

da marubuci ta yarantaka

The labari na Indiya ta shahara Kipling. Tarihinsa zai fara a Bombay, inda aka haife shi a 1936. A India, ya ciyar da yara. A kasar ya san kuma ƙaunar. A karfi, mafi m yara kwaikwayo dan rector na Bombay makaranta na art dangantawa da tatsuniyoyi Indian makarufo ta aikin Mai-dabba (yaron ya Masani game da kuma iya magana in Hindi).

A cikin shekaru shida, sai aka aika zuwa Ingila a mai zaman kansa da takardar - ya nuna biography na Kipling. Ga yara wanda ake amfani da su yantar da mulkin mallaka rai kuwa shi sau da yawa wuya a samu amfani da rawar soja da masauki. Ba shi ne aka fi so ga uwar gida fensho. Memories na rashin adalci da keta da abin da marubuci ya fuskanci a cikin matasa, daga baya ya gabatar a takaice labarin "The Black Tumaki".

matasa

The mahaifin a farko imani da cewa shi ne wani jami'in ya zama matasa Kipling. Biography nuna cewa boys na goma sha uku ya aka shigar da shi Devon School (a gaskiya - analogue na mu Suvorov), wanda shi ne mai springboard for nan gaba jami'an, fata shiga cikin shahararrun makarantar aikin soja. Boyish "taso kan ruwa", bruises da kuma "mini-yaƙi" tare da bullies, takwarorinsu - duk wannan ya kamata faru a cikin maza tawagar kafin samun amincewa da "ya". Joseph kaunace makaranta da sabis. Wannan lokaci na rayuwarsa ya gaya littafin labarai "Stalky & ^Co." Akwai ya nuna da basira marubuci. A daidai wannan lokaci, talakawa gani ba ba up bege ga wani soja. Uba tuno 17-shekara saurayi a Indiya, inda ya samu wani matsayi a cikin "Civil da kuma soja jaridar" a gare shi.

A farkon marubuci ta aikin

Wato aikin jaridar hanyoyi fãra labaru na Rudyard Kipling. Littafinsa "The sashe bayanin kula," shi ne wani rabo. Haifar da marubuci m, a Hindustani harshe, ya ke kusa da Indiya karatu, an fahimci da kuma ƙaunar. 34-shekara marubuci, aka riga aka sani a kasar Birtaniya, ya sauka a birnin London don "yin sunan". A nan, tare da haɗin gwiwar Amirka Wolcott Balestier, wani m a kan labarin "Naulahka" aiki Kipling. Biography, a takaice dai Chronology ransa ne mafi ban sha'awa a cikin wannan lokaci. Ya sami wani real aboki da kuma fadi cikin soyayya da 'yar'uwarsa. Duk da haka, ba dogon kuwa su yi aiki tare. Bayan da abokin tarayya ta mutuwa daga typhus ya auri 'yar'uwarsa Caroline. Ya rubuta sanannun waka "Gunga Din» ( "Gunga Din") da kuma "Mandalay".

Vermont lokaci na kerawa

Matasa biyu koma Vermont, inda aka buga a biyu kundin na "The Jungle Littafi" da kuma tarin waqe-waqe "Bakwai Tekuna". A nan a cikin farin ciki iyaye na 'ya'yansa biyu mata ya bayyana, sa'an nan - ɗa. Yana halitta mafi kyau labari na Kipling - "Kim" an Indian yaron, ragamuffin, cognized Buddhist hikima da zama a Birtaniya leken asiri. Bayan wani jayayya da matarsa ta dangi talatin da uku da marubuci da iyalinsa ya koma New York. A nan, ya kuma 'yar rashin lafiya tare da ciwon huhu, bayan da yarinya mutu.

Motsi da Birtaniya

Watanni da dama da ya yi aiki a Afrika ta Kudu jarida, sa'an nan saya mai zaman kansa gidan a Ingila, a cikin County na Sussex. Ya aka tsunduma cikin rayuwar siyasa da goyon bayan Conservatives. Don shi ya zo da wani ikirari: Nobel Prize, girmamawa da darajõji daga Birtaniya da kuma Turai jami'o'i. Amma sake bereavement bukata marubuci. A gaban yakin duniya na farko ya kashe ɗansa. A marubuci da matarsa duƙufa dukan lokaci don taimakawa mutane a cikin Red Cross. Ya kusan bai rubuta, don haka mai girma da baƙin ciki. Duk da haka, shi nan da nan ya sami wani aboki Kipling, wanda ya iya "girgiza shi" da kuma tada zuwa rayuwa. Suka zama ... English Korol Georg V. The (Wannan mutumin shi ne musamman m har mutuwarsa Kipling.) Biography na marubuci ya nuna yadda ya bar ƙwaƙwalwar da ɗansa, a rubuce pyatidesyativosmiletnem shekaru labarin "The Irish Guards a cikin Great yaki. " Wuya ya kasance cikin wannan rãyuwar marubuci, m nasarorinsu, da rashin alheri, sau da yawa tare da asarar masõyansa. Azaba ya gastritis ya girma a cikin wani peptic miki. Ya mutu daga ciki na jini, aka binne shi a Westminster Abbey.

ƙarshe

Multifaceted kerawa na Kipling. Mun san da shi, godiya ga wani haske da kuma sihiri yara labarin "The Jungle Littãfi." Duk da haka, akwai aikinsa, da kuma sauran gefe. Genri Dzheyms kira shi "English Balzac." The labari "Kim" yana dauke da mafi kyau aiki game da Indiya a Turanci. Kipling aka mutunta, kuma a girmama ta manya, musamman bayyananna a lokacin Duniya I. Our classic Konstantin Simonov lura "manly style" Kipling, ya "soja tsananin", "namiji".

Lalle ne, ko da unmanly mutum zai iya ce cewa bai kamata mutum ya "dakatar" da "shiga cikin rai 'nasarorinsu da kasawa, da cewa ya dole ne ko da yaushe bi da su," ware ".