"Rigar" yin haya a cikin jirgin sama masana'antu

Mene ne wani "rigar" yin haya a cikin jirgin sama masana'antu? Mẽne ne a gare? A wadannan da sauran tambayoyi za mu amsa a wannan labarin. Aircraft yin haya haya kira version, wanda aka yi amfani domin sayan da kuma aiki na karfe tsuntsãye, kuma rakiyar kayan aiki da kuma kayayyakin more rayuwa. Wannan horo hadawa da zane na tsarin na maganganu da tẽku haya.

Operating leases

An sani cewa "rigar" yin haya ne wani ɓangare na aiki dakin. Yin haya kamfanoni, kamfanonin jiragen sama da kuma masana'antun yin amfani da dama daban-daban ceto tsarin a jirgin sama haya. Ainihin wadanda su ne biyu: kudi yin haya da kuma aiki.

Commercial jiragen sama sukan takalman da sha'anin kasuwanci jirgin sama tallace-tallace da kuma yin haya (CASL), biyu mafi iko na su - GE Capital sufurin jiragen sama Services (GECAS) da kuma International Lease Finance Corporation (ILFC).

Operating leases ne kullum gajere. Yana yana kasa da shekaru goma, wanda ya sa ya m lokacin da shafi ake bukata don fara aikin (m) ko wata fitina tsawo na aikin hukuma transporter.

Saboda da gajeren lokaci aiki leases jiragen kare daga lalacewa da tsagewa. Wannan lokacin a mafi yawan kasashen ne mafi muhimmanci saboda m gyare-gyare na dokokin game da yanayi da kuma amo. Kuma abin da game da jihohi inda kasa creditworthy kamfanonin jiragen sama (misali, tsohon Tarayyar Soviet kasashen)? A nan, na sarrafawa yin haya ne kawai hanyar sayan jirgin ga kamfanin jirgin sama.

Bugu da kari, kamfanin yana amfani da shi samun sassauci: shi ya zama m na manyan ma'aikatan da kuma jiragen ruwa size, kwangila da kuma fadada shi a cikin layi tare da bukatar.

amortization

Lokacin aiki yin haya da kayan aiki a lokacin haya ba da cikakken depreciated. A karshen ta rayuwa shi za a iya sake takalman ko komawa zuwa mai shi. A daya hannun, saura darajar a karshen na haya jirgin sama ne mai muhimmanci ga mai shi. The mai iya nemi cewa koma kayan aiki da aka gudanar tabbatarwa (misali, C-rajistan shiga), da gaggauta canja wuri na gaba sadarwarka. Kamar yadda a wasu yankunan na yin haya, a aviaarende sau da yawa ake bukata ya bayar da jinginar (tabbacin) ajiya.

Ta yaya "rigar" yin haya a Rasha? The aiki haya jirgin sama bayarwa lokaci ne ba fiye da bakwai, wani lokacin shekaru goma. Haya biya abokin ciniki ya biya a kowane wata, su size ya dogara da duration na kwangila.

musamman irin

Saboda haka, abin da yake a "rigar" haya? Wannan musamman irin aiki a lokacin da jirgin sama hayan for haya tare da ma'aikatan jirgin. Wannan shi ne, a lokacin da jirgin, da tawagar, inshora (da ACMI) da kuma goyon baya na daya kamfanin jirgin sama (lessor) ya amince wa sãshe, ko wani irin aiki, aiki a matsayin tsaka da iska tafiya (da lessee) an biya ta hour gwamnati.

Dan haya kayayyaki man fetur a biya ma sun hada da haraji, filin jirgin sama kudade, duk wasu kudade, da kuma sauransu. Amfani da jirgin lambar. The "rigar" yin haya, kamar yadda shi ne m, yana daga 1 zuwa 24 watanni. Guntu haya ne a matsayin wani short-rayu shatan jirgin a madadin wani abokin ciniki.

yi

The "rigar" yin haya (rigar yin haya) mafi yawa ana amfani da lokacin ganiya zirga-zirga yanayi ko a bude sabon hanyoyi ko a taro shekara-shekara fasaha dubawa na halin da ake ciki. Jiragen samu tare da irin wannan haya, za ka iya sa iska tafiya a cikin wadannan kasashe, inda lessees an haramta daga aiki.

Wannan horo kuma iya zama wani nau'i na yi oda, bisa ga abin da lessor ne kawai aiki ayyuka, ciki har da ACMI, da kuma lessee ma'aunan sakamakon taimakon ƙidaya flights. A duk sauran siffofin shatan bada gidaje da filaye da jirgin lambobi. Daban-daban versions na "rigar" haya na iya samun code-sharing yarjejeniya tare da ajiyar na kujerun.

dalilai na siyasa

The "rigar" haya - wannan shi ne wani babban kayan aiki. Ana iya amfani da wa dalilai na siyasa. Alal misali, EgyptAir sha'anin - Masar breech kamfanin - ba zai iya kawo fasinjoji a Isra'ila a karkashin ta sunan saboda da manufofin da ke jihar. A sakamakon haka, wannan kasa flights daga birnin Alkahira ya Tel Aviv, kamfanin ne ke da alhakin Air Sinai. Domin kaucewa wannan siyasa batun shi ne shi na samar da wani "rigar» EgyptAir yin haya kamfanin.

A Birtaniya, wannan horo ana kiransa aiki jirgin na da wani iska sadarwarka takardar shaidar (AOC) na lessor.

quality

Abin da kuma shi ne mai kyau "rigar" yin haya da jirgin sama? Ya kunshi m kayan aiki tabbatarwa, gyara, inshora da kuma sauran ayyukan da abin da lessor ne alhakin. Bisa ga dan haya ta request, ban da wadannan ayyuka, mai shi zai iya shirya Ƙwararren ma'aikaci tsunduma a marketing, samar da albarkatun kasa da sauransu.

A batu na irin wannan haya, mafi sau da yawa yana da wuya a musamman na'urorin. Rigar yin haya a mafi yawan lokuta, amfani ko su masana'antun ko wholesale kasuwanci. Bankuna da kuma cibiyoyin kudin ba safai koma ga wannan irin ma'amaloli, tun da zubar da ba a bukatar fasaha tushe.

A yi, akwai mutane da yawa siffofin yin haya yarjejeniyar, amma ya kamata su ba za a kyan gani, kamar yadda raba daban na haya ayyukan.

haya fom

The "rigar" yin haya ya shafi mutane da yawa daban-daban nuances. A kasa da kasa yi, ya fi na kowa ne irin siffofin haya ma'amaloli:

• A cewar yin haya "naka" dila na'ura kuma tuba zuwa ga lessee, kamar yadda a cikin sama ma'amala. Amma da hayar dukiyar ba ya amfani, da kuma sauran dan haya, dole ne ya yi waƙa da sauko da kuma mika shi ga abu na kwangila. Sublease - wani alamomin wadannan yarjejeniyoyi.
• Yin haya "Standard" samar domin sayar da abu na ma'amala da tura kungiyar, wadda, ta hanyar da yin haya kamfanin rents da abokan ciniki.
• Lokacin da revolving a cikin nau'i na lokaci-lokaci maye yarjejeniyar da aka bayar na'ura ga dan haya ya nemi wani sabon samfurin.
• Janar yin haya kira da dama daga cikin dan haya ya kara da jerin da kayan aiki samu ba tare da shiga sabuwar kwangila.
• Ãdalci (Group) yin haya - yin haya da manyan abubuwa (hasumiya, jirãge, mai jihar Kano, jirgin sama). A cikin irin wannan ma'amaloli, ma'abũcin dama kamfanonin a cikin ni'imar da fasaha.
• Kwangila haya da aka kira na musamman nau'i na yin haya a cikin abin da lessee yana da cikakken rundunar inji, tractors, hanya-ginin da kuma kayan aikin noma.
• Lokacin da lessor daga daya ko fiye masu ba da bashi samun wani dogon lokacin da rance har zuwa 80% na hayar dukiya, akwai wani haya da hannu na kudi. Ga masu ba da bashi ne manyan zuba jari da kuma bankunan da cewa mallaki m albarkatun, janyo hankalin ta cikin dogon lokaci. Yin haya ma'amaloli an kudi da bankuna da taimakon rance ko sayan alkawura.

Waɗannan su ne kawai mafi mashahuri nau'i na yin haya kwangila. A yi, da zai yiwu hade da daban-daban siffofin da yarjejeniyar, wanda ƙara musu lamba.

kasuwanci jirgin sama

Kuma duk da haka abin da ake bukata Avialeasing? Ana amfani saboda babban kudin da jirgin sama. Alal misali, Boeing 737 Next Generation kudin game da 58,5-69,5 dala miliyan a 2008. Ana amfani da Ryanair da kuma kudu maso yammacin Airlines Company. A general, 'yan kamfanonin jiragen iya iya biya domin su iska shakatawa tsabar kudi, kamar yadda suka yi a low samun kudin shiga.

Commercial karfe tsuntsaye suna saye da kamfanonin jiragen sama ta amfani da mafi hadaddun hanyoyin da] a] e da kuma haya (ta jawo bashi babban birnin kasar da kuma wajen samo). Mafi mashahuri makirci sanya kasuwanci jirgin sama ne kudi da kuma na sarrafawa yin haya, rance da tabbaci. Misali kwangila na "rigar" yin haya da za a iya samu daga wani dacewa kamfanin. Akwai sauran zaɓuɓɓuka saboda biyan jirgin sama:

• bashi banki ko wani kudi haya.
• Nuna nufin;
• sadarwarka yin haya da sayarwa ko kudi haya.
• manufacturer support.
• haraji yin haya.
• EETCs (dõgara takardar shaidar ga kayan aiki).

Wadannan su ne da farko makircinsu damuwa tare da haraji da kuma lissafin kudi. Sun hada da ban sha'awa, amortization na haraji deductions da kiyaye halin kaka, wanda za a iya rage haraji alhaki domin kudi, sadarwarka kuma lessor.

masu zaman kansu jiragen

Yin haya domin sayan mai zaman kansa jet ne m mota aro ko jinginar gida. Basic da yawa ga kamfanoni ko kananan sirri jirgin sama za a iya za'ayi kamar haka:

• da borrower samar da muhimman bayanai game da ana tsammanin jirgin sama, kuma a halin yanzu da mai ba da bashi.
• da mai ba da bashi sami fitar da farashin da jirgin sama.
• da mai ba da bashi yana neman dukiya rajista lambar jirgin samun matsaloli a cikin ikon mallakar.
• da mai ba da bashi shirya kayan ga ma'amala: kwangila arziki, da doka, da garanti daga wani ɓangare na uku (idan borrower ya kasa creditworthy).

A ƙarshe na wannan ma'amala kashe aro takardun, canja wurin ikon mallakar da kuma kudi.