Rasha National Library a St. Petersburg, daga tushe har zuwa yanzu

Soyayya na adabi, mu mutane ciyar for millennia. A farko haikalin littattafai ya bayyana a Kiev, a kan shirin na Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo baya a 1037. Na dogon lokaci da wannan kantin sayar da shi ne mafi kyau a duniya. Yau, da jerin musamman taskõkin samun Rasha National Library a St. Petersburg.

A shirin zuwa aiki

Tun da farko iya tattara littafin da kawai arziki da kuma aristocrats. Amma wasu kananan folios a gidajen manya iya zama tushe ga wani karfi sashen dutsen ilimi, wanda jihar bukata. A farko ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar karanta dakunan da aka sanya a cikin makarantar. Amma damar yin amfani da dakunan da aka ba kowa da kowa, da kuma litattafan da aka kunkuntar specialization.

Saboda haka, tambaya tashi na samar da gidajen inda har ma da sauki alƙarya iya samun ilmi.

Wannan aiki da aka yi na mallaka Jama'a Karatun Room, wanda daga baya ya zama sananne a matsayin National Library of Rasha. St. Petersburg ya zama cibiyar da ke jihar, bayan da ya gyara aikinsa, Bitrus I. Saboda haka, birni inda kwanciya sabon gabatarwa, aka zaba ba tare da jinkirin. A matsayin misali, mu dauki Turai stacks.

Empress mafarki

Kwanan wata na haihuwar da library aka dauke su 16 (27) May 1795. A sa'an nan da Sarauniyar Ekaterina Velikaya dauki wani aikin da suke miƙa hadaya da m Yegor Sokolov. Bayan amincewa da shirin da zarar yi ya fara. Biya aiki na Jihar baitul.

Ba dogon zaba ƙasar karkashin gini a nan gaba, shi zama da aka sani da National Library of Rasha. A St. Petersburg, Nevsky Prospect ne dauke da cibiyar. Akwai kuma sanya dakin sabuwar gine-gine.

jawabin siffa daga cikin Haikali ya cewa cikin dakin ne da farko ta yi ciki ba, kamar yadda wani sito ga tarihi muhimmanci littattafai da takardu, kuma da jama'a, jama'a wuri. Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai daya aiki, wanda ke fuskantar bincike - don tattara da kuma tsara dukkan wallafe-wallafe da aka rubuta a Rasha.

na ganiya

A karkashin shugabanci na yi ya faru da tarin kayan da library. The hali jan a, da kuma bikin bude wani karatu dakin kawai 2 (14) a cikin Janairu 1814. Kamar wancan ne aka kafa da Rasha National Library a St. Petersburg.

A tsawon shekaru, ba kawai yawan kundin da yawan baƙi ya karu. Taimaka tãra wani tarin fice zukatan lokaci: marubuta, masana falsafa da kuma masana kimiyya. Aikinsu ya kasance ba a banza, kuma a 1864 a cikin dakunan da karatu dakin da aka tattara kusan 90% na dukkan Rasha-harshen wallafe.

Kamar yadda shirya, a kan lokaci, za mu fara zo more kuma mafi mutane daga talakawa iyalansu. Filistiyawa, da manoma, fatara manya - duk daidai da farin ciki hadu karatu dakin. M baƙi littattafai a gida sun mata. Kafa links tare da sauran littafin taskõkin a duniya. Yi aiki kafada da kafada da ma'aikata na jami'o'i da kwalejojin.

ba tare da jama'a dakunan

Mallaka Jama'a karatu dakin, wanda yanzu aka fi sani da karatu a matsayin National Library of Rasha a St. Petersburg, ya samu sabon fasali bayan zuwa na Soviet iko.

Management ya ƙaddara su ƙaddarawa, gaba daya m akida ba shakka, wanda ya bi ga jama'a. A farko, da ajiye aka bayansa kawai a kudi na masu zaman kansu tarin cewa sun zabi a masu mallakarsu - zaman mutane. Za'ayi adabi na gidajen lama da majami'u. A lokacin babban Patriotic War, da library ba su daina ayyukan, har ma da lokacin da kawancen ya fitar da littattafai don masu karatu.

An fara daga 50 ta ya kara yawan masu karatu, sabili da haka da ma'aikata. A shelves da aka cika da sabon da kuma sabon lokutta.

Wuya sau zo bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. Yawan maziyarta ya ragu da cika fuska. Har ila yau, sabon kofe na adabi daina yi.

Yau, da hukumomi na kokarin qarfafa a cikin ƙaramin tsara soyayya ga littafin. Don yin wannan, halicci dukan zama dole yanayi. Rasha Jihar Karatun Room (Moscow), Shugaban Library (St. Petersburg) - wadannan da sauran ajiya - da girman kai na kasar.