Price elasticity na bukatar: da dabara na binciken

A kasuwar shi ne dangantaka tsakanin masu saye da masu sayarwa. A microeconomics, da hali ne halin da wadata da kuma bukatar, bi da bi. A kasuwanci, yana da muhimmanci a yi wani kimanta na biyu sigogi ga riba. Da mai saye kafin saya kyau bincika a yawan dalilai: Farashin, samuwar kudi da kuma bukatar wannan samfurin. A dogara da darajar da dukiya a kan mabukaci hali kayyade farashin elasticity na bukatar. Da dabara ya nuna yadda a cikin hanyar zai shafi da sakamakon halin da ake ciki.

abokin ciniki dauki ga farashin canje-canje

A nufi da mutum ya saya wani abu, misali, ta hanyar da online store, an rage wa da cewa ya ya gano takamaiman abu (bari ya zama kwamfutar hannu) ne kõma zuwa takamaiman yanar warware zaba model ga farashin. Matsayin mai mulkin, idan farantin an gabatar a cikin kasar a cikin duk al'adu dokoki, da kudin cefane ba zai zama da yawa daban-daban. Babu shakka, da mai saye zaɓa hanya mobile kwamfuta, farashin wanda zai zama kadan.

Wannan harka shi ne wani misali wanda an kira a microeconomics matsayin "farashin elasticity na bukatar." Da dabara na wannan index bayyana balle / kasa zai zama dauki mai saya na dukiya, idan mai kyau da mai sayarwa canja farashin.

The hali na hannu ya bayyana na roba bukatar. Saboda babban adadin madadin mobile sarrafa kwamfuta mutane za su zabi daya cewa koda halin kaka (a cikin dalilin) mai rahusa fiye da wasu.

Rashin zabi

A karkashin wannan kungiya na kayayyakin batun da dama Categories. Na farko da kungiyar hada da amfanin da cewa ba za a iya maye gurbinsu, kamar gishiri, insulin, da kuma na biyu - alatu kayan: zanen tufafi a guda saki. Wadannan su ne biyu da iyaka category.

Idan ka kara kudin wani fakitin gishiri, mutane ba su daina sayen shi. Bayan duk, shi ba kawai ya ba da wani dandano na jita-jita, amma kuma shi ne mai hana aifuwa na maza, saboda haka a lokacin yaki shekaru da shahararsa ya kasance high.

Na biyu ba madadin category - alatu kayan. Alal misali, a zanen jakar daga kada fata. Yana zai samu mutanen da suka yi a kasafin kudin na wannan saya ba zai canza. Wannan high-yawan amfanin ƙasa abokan ciniki, su Farashin ba muhimmanci.

A lokuta biyu, da bukatar aka bayyana a matsayin ba na roba. Da kuma yadda za su nuna hali mai saye a tsayayyen farashi ga mai kyau, amma a lokacin da girma da / ki karbar wani sirri kasafin kudin? A wannan yanayin dauke samun kudin shiga elasticity, da dabara na wanda kayyade bukatar mutum takamaiman samfurin.

Products daga high da kuma low quality

The sama kawo sunayensu misalai na yadda za a canza ayyuka na mutum, sa'ad da kudin na wani rukuni na kayayyakin karu. Amma, a microeconomics da kuma la'akari da wasu dalilai (determinants) shafi na canji a cikin halaye na kasuwa - wadata da kuma bukatar. Wata irin wannan determinant ne samun kudin shiga.

A nuna alama - albashi elasticity wanda dabara aka bayyana a matsayin rabo na dauki samfurin da bukatar canji a saye ta albashi ne a litmus gwajin a kayyade kyau quality.

Idan lasafta darajar bude kasa da 0, sa'an nan da kaya suna dauke su na low quality. A cikin kewayon daga 0 to 1 - kyau, nonelastic samun kudin shiga (man fetur, abinci). A karatu sama 0 characterizes wani ingancin kungiyar na kayayyakin.

Iri farashin bukatar

Saboda haka, elasticity (E) yana dauke da wani nuna alama cewa za a iya bayyana a matsayin hanyar tasiri a kan gudanar da bincike. Amma yadda za a bayyana shi? Alal misali, gwama biyu kayayyakin - madara da kuma naman alade, ba za a iya kwatanta gudanar da bincike, idan farashin na biyu kayayyaki ya karu da 20 rubles. An karuwa a farashin madara zai zama mafi bayyane daga asali na da darajar. Domin wannan bukatar coefficient na elasticity (Eq) qunshi wani kaso rabo na biyu canje-canje.

Muhimmancin ne m da elasticity modulus.

• C fadi zuwa -1%, OP ya karu da 0.5%. A elasticity na bukatar a karkashin irin wannan yanayin: E = 0,5 * -1 = -0,5. Kudi na kasa da 1, sa'an nan da bukatar inelastic.
• C fadi zuwa -1%, OP karu da 3%. E = 3 * -1 = -3. A na roba hali na saye.
• C fadi zuwa -1%, OP ya karu da kashi 1%. E = 1 * -1 = -1. Unit (gwargwado) elasticity.

Wannan yana da muhimmanci ka san irin bukatar?

Index - farashin elasticity na bukatar, da dabara na wanda aka nuna a sama, da ake bukata domin duk wani aiki da nufin yin riba. Ko wani mahaluži tsunduma a sayar da kayayyaki, ko hidimar. Lokacin da ya kayyade farashin gane ko kai-samar kaya, babban yanayin ne tasiri marketing. Alal misali, a kan wani m irin kayayyakin da ka iya ƙirƙirar wani yanayin hade da wani karu a farashin. Wannan kudaden shiga za ta kara da sau da yawa na farko kudin da jawo babban yawan masu saye.

A cikin dogon gudu inelastic bukatar ga mai kyau na iya zama na roba. Kuma wani karuwa a farashin kayayyakin masarufi za su haifar da wani asara da kasuwanci. Alal misali, fetur. Da zuwan madadin kafofin lantarki motocin da kuma da bukatar da irin wannan man fetur da aka rage. Yanzu, a yi, a fili yake cewa kudin da baki zinariya da ganga ya ragu zuwa shekara talatin da suka wuce farashin. Wannan misali ne na dukiya na ga inelastic bukatar nufi da farashin ya juya a cikin wani na roba.

Saboda haka, farashin elasticity na bukatar - da dabara lissafi, Manuniya da bincike - da muhimmanci ga duk harkokin kasuwanci.

Sassauci a yi: magana

Kuma misalin sake. Cost alade osheyka bara da kilogram ya 500 rubles, wannan shekara ta halin kaka 600 rubles. Yadda za a tantance yawan canji a cikin price? A saboda wannan dalili akwai dabara girma kudi: (Ts2 - Ts1) / TS1 * 100%.

Yana samu: 600-500 / 500 * 100% = 20%.

Idan muka rubuta guda dogara da ƙarfi, sa'an nan ya musanya a cikin magana da farashin elasticity na bukatar, dabara za su samu cikin wadannan nau'i:

E = ((Ob2-Ob1) / (C2-TS1)) * TS1 / Ob1.

Wannan magana samun da sunan, da dabara batu elasticity na bukatar.

Sassauci a yi: mai hoto image

A dogara da tallace-tallace a kan darajar da dukiya. A aya A kyau farashin ne daidai da 80 rubles, da kuma mutane na zamani karkashin review, 50 raka'a dukiya saya. Lokacin da mai shi ya saukar da farashin zuwa 40 rubles, tallace-tallace ya tashi zuwa 100 raka'a. Musanya da dabi'u a cikin dabara batu elasticity, samun 2. Saboda haka, da samfurin ne sosai m, kuma zai iya yin alawus ga shi, domin ya kara kudaden shiga. Duk da haka, na sama dabara yana da shortcomings.

A cikin hali na misalai inda masomin (asali) zai daidaita B, da kuma bayan da karuwa a farashin - batun da A, da elasticity an samu kasa da 1. Wannan shi ne, dangane da ko da tafi daga wuri A to B, ko mataimakin versa, samu daban-daban dabi'u na elasticity na bukatar . Saboda haka, tattalin arziki, an yanke shawarar asali farashin darajar (TS1) da kuma girma (Ob1) don maye gurbin talakawan index. Wannan shi ne, C ₁ = C ₂ + C _1/2 da kuma ₁ = A A Ranar ₂ + _1/2. Idan ka canza batu na biyu elasticity na ilmin lissafi nufin na magana, da muka samu da dabara baka elasticity na bukatar:

E = ((Ob2-Ob1) / (C2-TS1)) * ((+ Ob2 Ob1) / (C2 + TS1)).

Darajar nuna da talakawan elasticity a cikin baka tsakanin maki tare da lura na A da B.

Saukake m, karin amfanin

A cikin bincike na mabukaci hali game da wani samfurin X kasuwanci manajoji ma la'akari da canji a cikin farashin kaya W. Don wannan karshen, da kayan aiki ya yi aikin gicciye-elasticity na bukatar. Formula nuna alama ne da rabo daga bukatar da samfurin na dauki ga canje-canje a cikin farashin wasu kayan W. halitta, babu daya daidaita da hali na masu amfani da na kiwo kayayyakin zuwa wani canji a farashin iyali sunadarai. Wannan ya shafi m da kuma karin Categories kaya.

Akwai da wadannan abubuwa a biya musu bukata, dangane da farashin:

• M kaya. Alal misali, insulin. A wannan yanayin, da bukatar yi ba na roba.
• Karin amfanin: tsami da kuma kofi. motor man fetur da kuma motoci. Elasticity na kasa da 1.
• Domin canza kaya ne halin da elasticity na bukatar cewa shi ne mafi girma daga 1. Idan Yunƙurin a farashin, misali, tare da xari bisa dari kofi Arabica abun ciki, mutane za su fara saya a sha tare da Bugu da kari na robusta. Duk da yake tallace-tallace na farko za a rage.

Wadannan dabarbari aka yi amfani da kamfanonin don nazarin su farashin siyasa, da kuma jihar - a cikin kasafin kudi sabis da kuma aikin yi.