PON-fasahar - m Tantancewar cibiyar sadarwa

Fadada mabukaci sabis na Intanit masu sauraro, saboda haka, broadband masu amfani na bukatar gabatarwar sababbin hanyoyin fasaha. Bayanan sadarwa kamata a kai a kai ta da damar Lines, abin da ya sa da sabis kamfanoni karshe zirga-zirga bayanai tashoshi. Amma baya daga ci gaba a watsa bayanai faruwa da kuma matsaloli na wani daban-daban irin, wanda aka bayyana a cikin karuwa a sabis halin kaka mafi m cibiyoyin sadarwa da kuma fadada cikin kewayon karshen-mai amfani da bukatun. Daya hanyar ita ce inganta jimlar PON-fasahar sadarwa tsarin yi, wanda kuma ba ka damar riƙe da damar sadarwa don kara fadada su iya aiki da kuma aiki.

Tantancewar zare da PON fasahar

Wannan sabon ci gaba facilitates fasaha kungiyar da kuma ci gaba da aiki na bayanai watsa bayanai networks, amma wannan shi ne cimma fi mayar saboda da saba abũbuwan amfãni daga Tantancewar links. Ko a yau, a kan bango na gabatarwar high-tech kayan ci gaba da yin amfani da tashoshin gina a kan tsufa tarho da nau'i-nau'i da kuma wajen xDSL. Babu shakka, da cibiyar sadarwa damar a kan wadannan abubuwa da gaske hasarar a yadda ya dace fiber-coaxial Lines, wanda kuma ba za a iya daukarsa wani abu m da bukatunsu na yau.

An madadin zuwa gargajiya networks da mara waya ta sadarwa tashoshi ya dade bayar da shawarar da wani Tantancewar fiber. Amma idan kafin kwanciya daga cikin igiyoyi ya wani fuskantar aiki ga mutane da yawa kungiyoyi, a yau na gani aka gyara sun zama fiye da m. A gaskiya, kafin fiber aka yi amfani ga kiyaye talakawa abokan ciniki, ciki har da Ethernet. A mataki na gaba shi ne ci gaban da harkar sadarwa dangane Micro-SDH gine-gine, aka buɗe sama gaba ɗaya sabon mafita. Just a wannan tsarin da kuma samu ta yin amfani da manufar PON networks.

cibiyar sadarwa standardization

A farko yunkurin su ne na daidai da fasahar da aka Kanmu a shekarun 1990s, a lõkacin da wata ƙungiya daga kamfanonin harkokin sadarwa, ya yi mamaki idan kika yi a yi da ra'ayin guda mahara damar m Tantancewar fiber. A sakamakon haka, kungiyar mai suna FSAN, hada da aiki, kuma cibiyar sadarwa kayan aiki masana'antun. Babban manufar da aka ƙirƙirar da FSAN kunshin tare da general jagororin da kuma bukatun su ci gaba PON hardware zuwa kayan aiki masana'antun da kuma masu samar da sabis zai iya aiki tare a wannan sashi. A ranar, da m link, dangane da PON fasahar, shirya daidai da ITU-T matsayin, ATM da kuma ETSI.

A manufa na cibiyar sadarwa ayyuka

A babban alama PON ra'ayin shi ne cewa kayayyakin more rayuwa ta dogara ne a kan wani guda module cewa shi ne alhakin watsa bayanai da liyafar ayyuka. Wannan bangaren yana located in OLT da tsarin da damar da tsakiyar kumburi bauta wa wani jam'i na biyan kuɗi na bayanai gudana. A karshen mai karɓar na'ura aikin ONT, wanda, bi da bi, abubuwa a matsayin watsawa. Yawan Subscriber tashoshin haɗa zuwa tsakiyar module mai karɓa kuma watsarwa, dogara ne kawai a kan ikon da matsakaicin gudu kayan aiki amfani PON. The fasaha ne, bisa manufa, ba rage yawan mahalarta a cikin cibiyar sadarwa, amma ga ganiya yin amfani da sadarwa ayyukan, developers har yanzu sa wasu shinge daidai da sanyi na wani takamaiman cibiyar sadarwa. Watsa bayanai kwarara daga tsakiyar karža-watsarwa naúrar a saye naúrar aka yi a wani zango bangaren na 1550 nm. A bambanci, da Reverse data kwarara daga mabukaci na'urorin ga OLT ake daukar kwayar cutar a wani zango na 1310 nm. Wadannan gudana kamata a yi la'akari daban.

Forward da baya da kwarara

Babban (watau mike) kwarara daga tsakiyar cibiyar sadarwa module nufin da watsa shirye-shirye. Wannan yana nufin cewa Tantancewar line kashi da sauran data kwarara, nuna rubutu da adireshin filayen. Saboda haka, duk Subscriber naúrar "karanta" kawai bayanai nufi ga shi. Irin data rarraba manufa iya kira demultipleksornym.

Bi da bi, da fice daga ƙarƙashinsu yin amfani da guda line to watsa shirye-shirye bayanai zuwa duk masu biyan kuɗi da alaka da cibiyar sadarwa. Tun da makirci na mahara damar lokaci division. Don ware da yiwuwar mararraba sakonni daga mahara data karba kowane saye kumburi na'urar yana da wani mutum tsarin for musayar bayanai gyara domin bata lokaci. Wannan shi ne wani babban manufa cewa an gane PON fasahar, cikin sharuddan da hulda da mai karɓar-watsawa module da karshen masu amfani. Duk da haka, networks The kewaye sanyi zai iya samun daban-daban topologies.

Topology, "Point to Point"

A wannan yanayin, wani P2P tsarin da za a iya yi ga kowa matsayin, da kuma for musamman ayyukan shafe, misali, kunnawa da na gani na'urorin. A saye data tsaro dige Internet connection na irin wannan na samar da matsakaicin kariya yiwu ga wannan networks. Amma kwanciya Tantancewar line ga kowane mai amfani ne da za'ayi dabam, don haka kudin da shirya irin wannan tashoshi qara ma. A wasu hanyoyi, wannan ba na kowa, amma wani mutum cibiyar sadarwa, ko da yake cibiyar, wanda aiki da saye naúrar iya bauta wa sauran masu amfani. A general, wannan dabarar ne ya dace domin manyan biyan kuɗi cewa da aminci layi yana da muhimmanci musamman.

Topology "zobe"

Wannan makirci dogara ne a kan SDH sanyi da kyau bayyana a cikin kashin da cibiyoyin sadarwa. Conversely, na gani zobe irin su kasa tasiri a cikin aiki na samun networks. Saboda haka, a cikin shiri na birni karauka sakawa na nodes lasafta ko a zane mataki, amma damar cibiyar sadarwa yin shi ba zai yiwu ba a tantance a gaba da yawan saye raka'a.

Bayar da bazuwar na boko da na sarari dangane da biyan kuɗi zobe kewaye za a iya da yawa wuya. A yi, da irin wannan sanyi sau da yawa juya zuwa karya kewaye da ciwon jam'i na rassan. Wannan na faruwa a lokacin da gabatarwar sabon biyan kuɗi da aka yi ta hanyar rata data kasance segments. Alal misali, wata mahada za a iya kafa madaukai wanda ake hada kai a daya line. A sakamakon haka ne "karye" igiyoyi cewa a lokacin aiki rage AMINCI na cibiyar sadarwa.

Features na gine EPON

A farko yunkurin gina wani PON cibiyar sadarwa don m ɗaukar hoto da masu amfani da Ethernet fasaha, an sanya a shekarar 2000, wani dandali ga ci gaban da ka'idodinta samuwar networks ya zama gine na EPON, kuma a matsayin babban misali da aka gabatar IEEE jaddadawa, dangane da wanda ya yanke shawarar mutum ga kungiyar da aka ɓullo da PON networks. EFMC fasahar, misali, aiki topology "ma'ana nuna" yin amfani da Twisted jan nau'i-nau'i. Amma a yau, wannan tsarin kusan taba amfani dangane da miƙa mulki ga fiber. Kamar yadda wani madadin, mafi alamar yankunan har yanzu fasahar-tushen ADSL.

A zamani irin misali EPON aiwatar da dama haihuwarka, amma babban yanayin ta embodiments ne amfani da zaruruwa. Bugu da kari ga yin amfani da daban-daban jeri a kan EPON misali PON connectivity fasahar kuma samar da ikon yin amfani da wasu juyi na Tantancewar radiyo.

Features na gine GPON

GPON gine damar aiwatar da sadarwa damar dangane APON misali. A cikin shakka daga wata kungiya ta kayayyakin yi na kara bandwidths cibiyar sadarwa, kazalika don ƙirƙirar yanayi na wani ya fi dacewa canja wurin aikace-aikace. GPON ne scalable firam tsarin da damar bayanai bauta wa biyan kuɗi a kwarara rates har zuwa 2.5 Gbit / c. Kamar wancan baya da kuma kai tsaye gudana iya aiki a kan wannan ko wani daban-daban gudun halaye. Haka kuma, a GPON damar cibiyar sadarwa sanyi na iya samar da wani encapsulation cikin wani kai yarjejeniya ko da synchronous sabis. Idan SDH za a iya gane kawai a tsaye rabo daga makada, sabon GPON yarjejeniya GFP tsarin yayin da rike da halaye na SDH firam da kuma damar da tsauri kasafi na makada.

abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin fasahar

Daga cikin babban abũbuwan amfãni daga Tantancewar zaruruwa a Students PON emit tsaka links tsakanin tsakiyar watsawa da karɓa-saye, tattalin arziki, sauƙi na dangane da serviceability. Don babban har wadannan abũbuwan amfãni ne saboda da m kungiyar na cibiyoyin sadarwa. Alal misali, Internet connection da aka bayar kai tsaye, don haka da gazawar da daya daga cikin m Subscriber raka'a ba ya shafar ta yi. Ko da yake wani tsararru na masu amfani, ba shakka, a hade dangane da daya tsakiyar naúrar, wanda kayyade ingancin sabis na dukkan mahalarta kayayyakin more rayuwa. Ya kamata mu ma la'akari da wata itãciya topology P2MP, wanda shi ne mafi gyara Tantancewar tashoshi. Wannan sanyi na samar da cibiyar sadarwa yi la'akari da wurin da saye nodes Saboda tattali rarraba Lines samun da yada bayanai. A lokaci guda a yarda da gabatarwar sabon masu amfani ba tare da manyan canje-canje zuwa data kasance tsarin.

Disadvantages na PON cibiyar sadarwa

Wide aikace-aikace na wannan fasaha ne har yanzu da ɗan hana muhimman abubuwa. Na farko shi ne mawuyaci na tsarin. Aiki abũbuwan amfãni daga irin wannan cibiyar sadarwa iya bayar kawai idan da farko kisa ingancin zane la'akari da yawa fasaha nuances. Wani lokaci hanyar fita zama PON damar fasaha, wanda ya samar da ga cikin kungiyar na wani sauki typological makirci. Amma a wannan yanayin wajibi ne a shirya a sauran shortcomings - rashin redundancy fasali.

gwajin da cibiyar sadarwa

A lokacin da duk bulan na cin gaban wani cibiyar sadarwa na farko kewaye shige da aiwatar da fasaha da matakan, da masana fara kayayyakin gwaji. Daya daga cikin manyan Manuniya na cibiyar sadarwa da aka yi qualitatively auna attenuation a kan layi. Domin tashar bincike ga gaban Tantancewar testers amfani da matsala zones. All ma'aunai suna sanya a kan aiki Lines ta amfani da multiplexers da tacewa. Scale sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa yawanci gwada amfani da OTDR. Amma irin wannan kayan aiki na bukatar horo na musamman masu amfani, ba a ma maganar gaskiya cewa deciphering burbushi ya kamata tafiyar da gwani kungiyoyin.

ƙarshe

Duk da dukan matsaloli a miƙa mulki ga sabon fasaha kamfanonin da cewa samar da sadarwa sabis, da sauri koyi ga da gaske tasiri mafita. A hankali yada da wuya fasaha yi fiber na gani tsarin, wanda sun hada da PON fasaha. "Rostelecom", misali, ya fara gabatar da karin ayyuka ga sabon format a 2013. Samun damar Tantancewar networks PON farko zuwa sama mazauna Leningrad yankin. Mene ne mafi ban sha'awa, mai bada sabis ya bayar da wani fiber-na gani kayayyakin more rayuwa, har ma da na gida kauyuka. A aikace, wannan zai ba da damar biyan kuɗi zuwa ji dadin ba kawai tarho da internet access, amma kuma haɗi zuwa dijital talabijin watsa shirye-shirye.