Polhov-Maidanskaya zane. Zane-zane na Zane a Wood

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an samu cigaba ga farfadowa da ci gaba da masana'antar karnin shekaru. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa na masters na Rasha shine Polkhov-Maidan zane. Hotuna a kan jita-jita da kayan gida, da launin kayan ado-tararushkas mai haske, yana jawo ra'ayinsu. Suna faɗar game da su: "Ba ya karya, ba ya karya, amma wanda zai saya - yana mamakin". Hakika, waɗannan kyawawan bango na masu sana'a na zamani sun yi haske daga ciki, suna yin yanayi mai ban sha'awa da kuma gaisuwa. An ƙara zaba su don kyauta na asali ko sayi a matsayin kyauta.

Tarihin asalin sana'a

Tun daga ƙarshen karni na goma sha takwas ko tsakiyar karni na XIX (waɗannan bayanai sun bambanta) a ƙananan ƙauyen Polhovsky Maidan, wanda yake a bankin wani ƙananan kogin a cikin yankin Nizhny Novgorod, wani kayan ban mamaki na kayan ado da siffofi daga launi na linden da aspen (kyau, yawancin su girma Wajen kewaye). An sayar da su a wuraren sayar da su kuma suna amfani da kuɗin samun kudin shiga ga mutanen ƙasar. Mafi yawa daga baya, a cikin shekaru 20 na karni na XX, wani ya yanke shawarar yin ado da kayan sana'a: na farko da zane-zane, sa'an nan kuma zane mai zane. Da yammacin yammacin yamma, dukan iyalin suka taru kuma suka ɓata lokaci domin yin abubuwa masu mahimmanci: maza suna aiki da itace, kuma mata da yara "suka farfado" abubuwan da aka bayyana da taimakon paints. A kan jita-jita, a ƙarƙashin goga na kowane mai sana'a, lush bouquets na furanni blossomed.

Shugabannin farko sun yanke duk samfurori da hannu. Daga baya, lokacin da lathes ya bayyana, yanayin ya zama mafi sauƙi, amma wannan ba shi da tasiri ga ingancin kayan. Tare da sassaukar lokaci, zanen Polhov-Maidanskaya ya zama sananne kuma sananne a sassa daban-daban na Rasha.

Crafting

Hanyar yin kyauta ta ƙunshi matakai da yawa. Sassaka katako figurines lafiya goge. Sa'an nan kuma an lafafta shi da sauƙi sau 2-3 tare da bayani na sitaci dankalin turawa - wannan nau'i ne mai mahimmanci. An sanya tikitin da aka sarrafa tukunya sosai, sa'an nan kuma ya fara shirya don zanen.

Na farko, ana yin amfani da kwakwalwar ƙa'idar da ake so a tawada. Ƙididdigar nau'ikan adana (ta amfani da lambobin 11-13) ba ka damar yin layi daban-daban. A mataki na gaba - ma'adanin zanen a kan itace Paints, mafi aniline. A zaɓin su za a ba da fifiko ga jan, kore, blue, inuwa mai haske. Kuma lokacin da ake amfani da launi daya a kan wanda ya riga ya kasance wanda ya kasance (wannan shine al'adar zane), hoton yana samun haske mai haske da kuma rashin haske.

Ƙarshen abin da ya ƙare - ya rufe samfurin tare da launi mara kyau a yawancin layuka (wata fasaha mai haske), wanda ke sa yanayin samfurin ya haskaka. Yana da haske da haskakawa daga ciki da ke bambanta launin polkhov-maidanskaya.

Hotunan hoto

Masanin kimiyya N. V. Taranovskaya, yana magana ne game da abubuwan da suka dace da fasahar, ya lura da kayan ado na musamman, da bambanci da ƙawancin zane da masanan suka tsara.

Menene sabon abu na polkhov-maidanskaya? Hotunan da ke bayyana akan samfurori sun bambanta a cikin manyan furanni mai haske (launin jan) da aka riga an rigaya sun rigaya sun kasance ko kuma har yanzu a cikin samfuri. A wannan yanayin, ana nuna bambancin nau'i-nau'i iri-iri: furanni tare da tip - matin baki ne a fili bayyane, furanni ba tare da wata kalma ba, bambancin - launuka suna cike da bugun jini. Yawanci shine hoton 'ya'yan itatuwa (musamman apples) da berries, dabbobi da tsuntsaye. Akwai kuma yankunan birane ko yankunan karkara, yanayin halayen abin da yake shi ne alfijir.

Yadda za a gane Maidan Taras

An yi amfani da zane-zane na Polkhov-Maidanskaya da yawa, saboda akwai alamomi da yawa wadanda suke nunawa.

1. A canza launi ne mai haɗuwa da launuka masu launuka: rawaya da duhu mai duhu ko jan sanyi da kore.
2. Furen da ya fi kowa - fure a cikin bambancin daban-daban, kazalika da wariyar launin fata, dog ya tashi, dahlia.
3. Bayani na baya ga siffar kayan ado na kayan ado shine rawaya. Zane, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da kwakwalwa mai launi mara kyau.

Polhov-Maidan Matryoshka

Wani wuri na musamman a tsakanin sana'a shine kyautar gargajiya ta Rasha, wanda aka tsara wasu al'adu. Polkhov-Maidanskaya m yar tsana a hanyoyi da dama da aka ba son duk da saba nesting yar tsana daga wasu yankuna na Rasha. Maimakon sarafan a kan tarin ta, an ƙawata shi da reshe mai launi tare da manyan launuka mai haske. Na shugaban gyale daura karkashin Chin, amma asali, a hankali santsi a kan kafadu da wani kabido, ƙoramu mafi yawa ana buga nada curls. Wannan halayen halayyar halayyar matan mata ne. Bugu da ƙari da siffofi a cikin launi, waɗannan tsutsaran suna da siffar elongated fiye da wasu. Sun fi kama da 'yan mata na Rasha.

Hanyoyin sana'a a yau

A halin yanzu, samarwa da haɗin fasaha, an buɗe akan wani kayan aikin wasan toys a cikin yankin na Voznesenskoye, karkashin sunan "Polhov-Maydanskaya zanen", ya zama madadin aikin sana'ar kayan aiki. A nan, kayan wasa da kayan gida ba su da hannayensu, amma a kan lathes da kuma cikin ƙididdigar yawa. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan su ne samfurori na kasa, waɗanda suke shahararrun masu saye da baƙi na ƙasar, ciki har da wasan kwaikwayo na ban sha'awa (irin su ƙwanƙwasa, ƙwararraki, dawakai, doki), kayan ƙwai, da namomin kaza, gishiri, gishiri, , Kwalaye. Amma har yanzu launi na al'ada ya kasance: Polit-Maidan zane ba ya ƙyale amfani da motoci a wannan sana'a. Yi tunani da kuma zane zane masu zane-zane da suka karbi horo na musamman. A halin yanzu, irin waɗannan kayayyaki sun fi daidaituwa kuma sun fi dabara fiye da aikin masu sana'a, amma su ma masu neman masana'antu ne.

Matsayi na musamman na mazauna gundumar shine Matryoshka Museum. A nan za ku ga abubuwa masu ban mamaki: daga siffofi ɗaya, alamar 'yan mata na yankunan karkara na Rasha, zuwa ƙananan yara masu yawa, wanda mafi yawansu ya haɗa da jerin da aka fara tare da wasa tare da shugaban wasa kuma ya ƙare tare da doll ɗin mita.

A cikin kauyuka na Voznesensky na yankin Nizhny Novgorod: Polhovsky Maydan, Voznesenskoye, Krutets - har yanzu akwai iyalan dangi da ke yin alamar gida. Yara suna koyar da wannan tun daga yara, kuma hoton Polhov-Maidan ya ci gaba da rayuwa.